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r to the holocene period and largely the study of fossils within a geologic context which mixes the boundaries of geology and biology to inform on the evolution and variety of life the study of dinosauria or dinosaurs as they are largely commonly known as who became the dominant land clade throughout most of the triassic to cretaceous periods within the mesozoic geologic era is but one part of this but i would be lying if i did not state that my interest in bones started early and specifically that it started with the dinosaurs more specifically still it started with jurassic park a film released in 1993 by one steven spielberg that saw my 5 year old self keenly watching in the local cinema i was fascinated by the creatures on the screen these primordial beasts tearing to shreds the homo sapiens who thought they could control what they had resurrected i was intrigued by their form the variations in the anatomy and the differences in the admittedly on screen behaviour here was a film that didn t just make the audience scared and excited it also gave the creatures a semblance of intelligence who were these long extinct creatures what was dr grant doing in the desert scaring kids with a raptor claw whilst also overseeing someone shooting shotgun shells into the earth wait is that is a job i thought to myself i was hooked i want to dig in the desert that looks great i thought those creatures looks awesome clearly i had to learn more safe to say that the following christmas was taken up with jurassic park toys the triceratops that had a gouged bit of flesh that could come off and the helicopter that if i remember correctly barely appeared in the film but i wanted to learn more than just play with the toys and watch the film again and again could those raptors really open doors i wanted to learn about the creatures that the film was based on i wanted to know more about their life contexts their habitats and their geographic span just when did they live and how did they come to die out in a word i was curious and i remain curious to this day about the natural world around me it started out with the toys dinosaur top trump cards and other bits and bobs i collected the glow in the dark model skeletons that always seemed to flash up on the television bit by bit i pieced together a tyrannosaurus rex skeleton that looked somewhat badly proportioned my father subscribed me to a dedicated dinosaur magazine that explored the fossil remains a bit more in depth and i collected a few cast fossils of various parts of various creatures from the past at the major museums i would clamour around the cases that showed the fossils of dinosaurs and more recent mammals always thinking about what these creatures must have seen during their own lifetimes how very different our two worlds were in time jurassic park the lost world was released and i became enraptured all over again an early precursor to this blog was created during my primary school days where i put together a mini book of drawings of protoceratops triceratops brachiosaurus iguanodon ankylosaurus and co with information boxes supplying the basic data of when and where they lived and what they ate i was thrilled when baryonyx was found and described a highly specialised fish eater in southern england of all places though of course plate tectonics have substantially moved the earth s surface around since the late cretaceous days i hate to say but this lust for dinosaur knowledge faded somewhat during my late primary school years where i was given to drawing what i thought the inside of my leg may have looked like with the then new temporary titanium plate that was holding my left femur together that very plate now rests in one of my draws it was a natural progression from the distant past into an immediate and visceral present one that gripped me as i learnt that bone is living changing and dynamic material that responds to the pressures that we place it through but still the love for dinosauria flares up from time to time perhaps no more so than when the bbc released the walking with dinosaurs television show in 1999 a real marker in the sand for the intelligent presentation and discussion of the biology and life experience of dinosaurs after each episode aired i would spend the next day at school talking with my friends about the episode excitedly huddled around before the drudgery of school started but i did not go on to study palaeontology at any point although i still maintain a relative interest in the latest discoveries and theories on the biology of dinosaurs and ancient life for me there is a certain inherent sadness when looking at the remains of species that have fossilised and have been described and documented the question of what lifeforms are we missing from deep geological time periods that did not survive the taphonomic processes and luck of the draw that has preserved so many skeletons as fossils often abounds in my head when i view specimens and casts displayed in natural history museums or spread across the pages of books in a way by studying the skeletons of the more recent human past it perhaps negates in some small way the limited archaeological remains that may in time become fossils themselves arguably of course we may be destroying that record ourselves so no i am not a palaeontologist and i do not dig or study dinosaurs i am a human osteologist who studies the skeletal remains of humans from archaeological contexts it was a close contest but in the end i adapted to a subject that was close to my heart that gave me a tangible connection to the past human population instead of the past animal population it is a distinction but it is worth bearing in mind that the homo sapiens species are just natural animals as well even though life itself is a wonder but let me post what the blog title promises my interest has been piqued and finally the 3rd much talked about sequel is happening i almost conveniently forgot about the 3rd film whilst writing this although spinosaurus still rocks here is the just released trailer for the new 2015 movie jurassic world i m crossing my fingers that this is a beast of a film further information check out the palaeontologist jon tennant s fantastic and informative blog green tea and velociraptors for some of the latest updates in palaeontology take a read of neil shubin s fascinating book your inner fish a journey into a 3 5 billion year history of the human body i managed to get a copy a few years ago and it is an invigorating read on the hardships of palaeontological fieldwork that also gives an interesting account of the lab work that goes hand in hand with field explorations more importantly this book highlights the evolution of the human body via various parts of both extinct and extant life forms with fantastic timing a new paper by hone et al 2014 discusses a case study of a mass mortality event of juvenile proterceratops discovered in mongolia and size segregated aggregated behaviour in this specimen of dinosaur there is the suggestion of sociality but the authors are rightly conservative in their observations there is an intriguing remark on the estimation on the age of ceratopisan dinosaurs furthermore at least some non avian dinosaurs apparently reached sexual maturity long before reaching terminal body size or somatic maturity 36 38 the result is a quagmire of varying definitions for ontogenetic stages and ontogenetic assignments across different publications even for single specimens hone et al 2014 the taphonomic interpretations of this mass mortality sample is also particularly interesting and i d recommend reading the accessible paper bibliography hone d w e farke a a watabe m shigeru s tsogtbaatar 2014 a new mass mortality of juvenile protoceratops and size segregated aggregation behaviour in juvenile non avian dinosaurs plos doi 10 1371 journal pone 0113306 open access tags archaeologists do not dig dinosaurs dinosauria jurassic world comments 4 comments categories evolution field archaeology geology jurassic park jurassic world natural world palaeontology lee berger talks about rising star project 11 dec palaoeanthropologist lee berger describer of australopithecus sediba and professor at the university of the witwatersrand in johannesburg can be heard here describing the recent rising star expedition and the projects rescue of hominin bones from deep inside a cave in south africa after a chance discovery by some cavers the project with support from the national geographic and the speleological exploration club of south africa have recently recovered around 1200 individual fossil hominin elements during a three week recovery dig at the site as berger discusses in the phenomenally exciting radio interview with national geographic it his belief that there are articulated hominin remains yet to be uncovered and rescued from the cave site it truly promises to be an amazing site due to the massive haul of fossil material found within a concentration no bigger then many dining room tables once the fossils have been analysed scientifically further information will be released although the project is fairly unique in the fact that it is running as an open science project the national geographic and others including john hawks and lee berger has so far done an excellent job in documenting the project see here in perhaps one of the most interesting periods ever for palaeoanthropological news the interview competes with the recent investigation of the five homo erectus individuals at the dmanisi site in georgia and last week s announcement of the sequencing of mtdna from a 300 000 year old hominin from the sima de los huesos site in spain meyer et al 2013 i hope to further explore the 300 000 year old mtdna article in detail in an upcoming entry as ever i heavily recommend heading over to john hawks weblog as his posts on the rising star expedition and human evolution continue to enthrall and shed light on the fossils and genetic investigations that he is so often a part of we are living in some truly fascinating times where we are really starting to learn about human evolution through the glorious combination of genetic analysis and the smart approaches to extracting ancient dna combined with the truly amazing fossil finds of the past decade and a bit bibliography meyer m fu q aximu petri a glocke i nickel b arsuaga j l martínez i gracia a bermúdez de castro j m carbonell e pääbo s 2013 a mitochondrial genome sequence of a hominin from sima de los huesos nature 505 403 406 tags hominin haul rising star comments leave a comment categories africa australopithecus sediba dmanisi homo erectus evolution excavation john hawks lee berger palaeoanthropology rising star expedition university of the witwatersrand a quick trip to the deep 25 sep browsing around online i happened to find this interesting article over at the nature site based on a study of the observed osteological changes and the long term effects of deep sea diving on a selection of sperm whale physeter macrocephalus skeletal remains the article by moore and early 2004 highlights the value of conducting osteological work on animal remains especially in consideration of furthering the knowledge of oceanic mammals and how their bodies react to their deep water lifestyle the study examined 16 partial or complete modern sperm whale carcasses from both the pacific and atlantic oceans with the results finding the effects of osteonecrosis affecting the chevron and rib articular surfaces and nasal bones which increased in severity with age of the individuals studied in the sample moore early 2004 2215 osteonecrosis itself is a recognised chronic pathology in humans albeit one with numerous aetiologies which can include irradiation dysbaric stress thermal injuries and hemopoietic disorders among others but moore early 2004 2215 highlight the fact that nitrogen emboli induced the observed dysbaric osteonecrosis in the studied sperm whale skeletons this indicates that the whales suffered the progressive cumulative effects of the bends during disturbed dives which led to the destructive bone changes during the course of the whales life importantly this study indicates that it appears that sperm whales may be neither anatomically nor physiologically immune to the effects of deep diving moore early 2004 2215 insofar as much as previously thought bibliography hopkin m 2004 sperm whales suffer the bends nature online article doi 10 1038 news041220 13 moore m j early g a 2004 cumulative sperm whale bone damage and the bends science 306 5705 2215 tags zoology comments 2 comments categories anatomy evolution open access osteology osteonecrosis sperm whales zoology anatomically modern humans a brief introduction 22 apr the imperative of the human species to know thyself has developed into a rapidly expanding field in palaeoanthropology the exploration of our species homo sapiens is a particularly active field which utilizes multi disciplinary approaches to untangle the evolutionary threads of our beginning the following essay introduces concepts and approaches used in this field whilst raising current research issues for a species that is both narcissistic and inquisitive homo sapiens has so far done a remarkably poor job of defining itself as a morphological entity tattersall and schwartz 2008 49 thus starts the opening sentence to tattersall and schwartz s 2008 article on the problems of clarifying the morphological distinctiveness of anatomically modern humans amh or the species homo sapiens it is perhaps applicable not just to the morphological characteristics but also the fossil record and origins of amh themselves pearson 2008 38 this paper then will discuss the principles behind the definitions and evolution of amh in context with reference to its behaviour and morphological traits in turn the dominant models of the origin and subsequent dispersion of amh will be discussed with reference to where homo sapiens fit in the palaeoanthropological record a wealth of new genetic research data and fossil finds has considerably opened up the treasure chest of hominin information which is having a considerable impact on our understanding of the h sapiens place in the evolutionary records bowden et al 2012 curnoe et al 2012 krause et al 2010 prat et al 2011 wood 2005 42 it is directly as a result of how the reporting of evolutionary science has changed in the past few decades mcewan 2012 and how technological approaches have uncovered so much genetic data in reconstructing fossil record relationships jurmain et al 2011 270 that the definition of amh is not so easy this paper will conclude with a talk on how the biocultural evolution of h sapiens is now impacting both our environment and localised populations in certain contexts le fanu 2009 hawks et al 2007 jurmain et al 2011 it is important to note that h sapiens are the last species of the genus homo with the first species tentativ...
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