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ences that players cannot easily have at home 20 technology edit this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed august 2021 learn how and when to remove this message see also arcade cabinet list of sega arcade system boards and sprite computer graphics the inside of a neo geo mvs arcade cabinet virtually all modern arcade games other than the very traditional fair midway make extensive use of solid state electronics integrated circuits and monitor screens all installed inside an arcade cabinet with the exception of galaxy game and computer space which were built around small form factor mainframe computers the first arcade games are based on combinations of multiple discrete logic chips such as transistor transistor logic ttl chips designing an arcade game was more about the combination of these ttl chips and other electronic components to achieve the desired effect on screen more complex gameplay required significantly more ttl components to achieve this result by the mid 1970s the first inexpensive programmable microprocessors had arrived on the market the first microprocessor based video game is midway s gun fight in 1975 a conversion of taito s western gun and with the advent of space invaders and the golden era microprocessor based games became typical 21 64 early arcade games were also designed around raster graphics displayed on a cathode ray tube crt display many games of the late 1970s and early 1980s use special displays that rendered vector graphics though these waned by the mid 1980s as display technology on crts improved 22 prior to the availability of color crt or vector displays some arcade cabinets have a combination of angled monitor positioning one way mirrors and clear overlays to simulate colors and other graphics onto the gameplay field 23 coin operated arcade video games from the 1990s to the 2000s generally use custom hardware often with multiple cpus highly specialized sound and graphics chips and the latest in expensive computer graphics display technology this allows more complex graphics and sound than contemporary video game consoles or personal computers many arcade games since the 2000s run on modified video game console hardware such as the sega naomi or triforce or gaming pc components such as the taito type x many arcade games have more immersive and realistic game controls than pc or console games this includes specialized ambiance or control accessories such as fully enclosed dynamic cabinets with force feedback controls dedicated lightguns rear projection displays reproductions of automobile or airplane cockpits motorcycle or horse shaped controllers or highly dedicated controllers such as dancing mats and fishing rods these accessories are usually too bulky expensive and specialized to be used with typical home pcs and consoles arcade makers experiment with virtual reality technology arcades have progressed from using coins as credits to smart cards that hold the virtual currency of credits modern arcade cabinets use flat panel displays instead of cathode ray tubes internet services such as all net nesicaxlive e amusement and nesys allow the cabinets to download updates or new games do online multiplayer gameplay save progress unlock content or earn credits genres edit sega rally arcade racing games at the veljekset keskinen department store in tuuri alavus finland in 2017 many arcade games have short levels simple and intuitive control schemes and rapidly increasing difficulty the classic formula for a successful arcade video game is easy to learn difficult to master 24 along with a multiple life progressively difficult level paradigm 25 this is due to the environment of the arcade where the player is essentially renting the game for as long as their in game avatar can stay alive or until they run out of tokens games on consoles or pcs can be referred to as arcade games if they share these qualities or are direct ports of arcade games citation needed arcade racing games often have sophisticated motion simulator arcade cabinets 26 27 a simplified physics engine and short learning time when compared with more realistic racing simulations cars can turn sharply without braking or understeer and the ai rivals are sometimes programmed so they are always near the player with a rubberband effect other types of arcade style games include music games particularly rhythm games and mobile and casual games with intuitive controls and short sessions citation needed action edit the term arcade game can refer to an action video game designed to play similarly to an arcade game with frantic addictive gameplay 28 the focus of arcade action games is on the user s reflexes and many feature very little puzzle solving complex thinking or strategy skills 29 these include fighting games often played with an arcade controller beat em up games including fast paced hack and slash games and light gun rail shooters and bullet hell shooters with intuitive controls and rapidly increasing difficulty citation needed many arcade combat flight simulation games have sophisticated hydraulic motion simulator cabinets 26 27 and simplified physics and handling arcade flight games are meant to have an easy learning curve in order to preserve their action component increasing numbers of console flight video games such as crimson skies ace combat and secret weapons over normandy indicate the falling of manual heavy flight sim popularity in favor of instant arcade flight action 30 a modern subgenre of action games called hack and slash or character action games represent an evolution of traditional arcade action games and are sometimes considered a subgenre of beat em up brawlers this subgenre of games was largely defined by hideki kamiya creator of the devil may cry and bayonetta franchises 31 industry edit arcade games are found in restaurants bowling alleys college campuses video rental shops dormitories laundromats movie theaters supermarkets shopping malls airports and other retail environments they are popular in public places where people are likely to have free time 32 their profitability is expanded by the popularity of conversions of arcade games for home based platforms in 1997 wms industries parent company of midway games reported that if more than 5 000 arcade units are sold at least 100 000 home version units will be sold 33 the american amusement machine association aama is a trade association established in 1981 34 that represents the american coin operated amusement machine industry 35 including 120 arcade game distributors and manufacturers 36 the japan amusement machine and marketing association jamma represents the japanese arcade industry arcade machines may have standardized connectors or interfaces such as jamma or jvs that help with quick replacement of game systems or boards in arcade cabinets the game boards or arcade boards may themselves allow for games to be replaced via game cartridges or discs conversions emulators and recreations edit prior to the 2000s successful video games were often converted to a home video game console or home computer many of the initial atari vcs games for example were conversions of atari s success arcade games arcade game manufacturers that were not in the home console or computer business found licensing of their games to console manufacturers to be a successful business model as console manufacturer competitors would vie for rights to more popular games coleco famously bested atari to secure the rights to convert nintendo s donkey kong which it subsequently included as a pack in game for the colecovision to challenge the vcs 37 arcade conversions typically had to make concessions for the lower computational power and capabilities of the home console such as limited graphics or alterations in gameplay such conversions had mixed results the atari vcs conversion of space invaders was considered the vcs s killer application helping to quadruple the vcs sales in 1980 38 in contrast the vcs conversion of pac man in 1982 was highly criticized for technical flaws due to vcs limitations such as flickering ghosts and simplified gameplay though pac man was the best selling game on the vcs it eroded consumer confidence in atari s games and partially contributed to the 1983 crash 39 the need for arcade conversions began to wane as arcade game manufacturers like nintendo sega and snk entered the home console market and used similar technology within their home consoles as found at the arcade negating the need to simplify the game concessions still may be made for a home release notably the super nintendo entertainment system conversion of mortal kombat removed much of the gore from the arcade version to meet nintendo s quality control standards 40 main article list of video game emulators arcade exact copies of arcade video games can be run through emulators such as mame on modern devices an emulator is an application that translates foreign software onto a modern system in real time emulated games appeared legally and commercially on the macintosh in 1994 41 42 with williams floppy disks sony playstation in 1996 and sega saturn in 1997 with cd rom compilations such as williams arcade s greatest hits and arcade s greatest hits the atari collection 1 and on the playstation 2 and gamecube with dvd rom compilations such as midway arcade treasures citation needed arcade games are downloaded and emulated through the nintendo wii virtual console service starting in 2009 citation needed using emulation companies like arcade1up have produced at scale or reduced scale recreations of arcade cabinets using modern technology such as lcd monitors and lightweight construction these cabinets are typically designed to resemble the original arcade game cabinets but may also support multiple related games these cabinets can be offered in diverse and miniaturized styles such as table mounted and wall mounted versions 43 highest grossing edit see also golden age of arcade video games for arcade games success is usually judged by either the number of arcade hardware units sold to operators or the amount of revenue generated the revenue can include the coin drop earnings from coins such as quarters dollars or 100 yen coins inserted into machines 44 and or the earnings from hardware sales with each unit costing thousands of dollars most of the revenue figures listed below are incomplete as they only include hardware sales revenue due to a lack of available data for coin drop earnings which typically account for the majority of a hit arcade game s gross revenue this list only includes arcade games that either sold more than 10 000 hardware units or generated a revenue of more than 10 million most of the games listed were released between the golden age of arcade video games 1978 1984 and the 1990s this is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness you can help by editing the page to add missing items with references to reliable sources game publisher release year hardware units sold estimated gross revenue us without inflation estimated gross revenue us with 2025 inflation 45 pac man namco 1980 400 000 until 1982 46 6 billion until 1982 47 48 20 billion space invaders taito 1978 750 000 until 1979 49 3 8 billion until 1982 50 18 8 billion street fighter ii capcom 1991 221 000 until 1995 n 1 5 31 billion until 1999 55 12 6 billion the king of fighters 97 snk 1997 150 000 until 1998 56 donkey kong nintendo 1981 132 000 until 1982 n 2 280 million until 1982 us hardware sales 60 990 million us hardware sales ms pac man midway 1982 125 000 until 1988 61 62 1 5 billion until 1995 63 3 7 billion asteroids atari 1979 100 000 until 2001 62 64 800 million until 1991 65 66 2 83 billion defender williams 1981 70 000 until 2020 67 1 5 billion until 2020 67 2 69 billion print club purikura sega atlus 1995 45 000 until 1997 68 1 billion until 1997 69 2 11 billion centipede atari 1981 55 988 until 1991 70 115 65 million hardware sales until 1991 70 273 million hardware sales galaxian namco 1979 50 000 in the us until 1982 71 virtua fighter sega 1993 40 000 until 1996 72 virtua fighter 2 sega 1994 40 000 until 1996 73 tekken 2 namco 1995 40 000 until 1996 74 starhorse 2 sega 2005 38 614 until 2009 n 3 59 321 million until 2011 fifth expansion n 4 97 8 million fifth expansion hyper olympic track field konami 1983 38 000 1983 in japan 82 tekken 3 namco 1997 35 000 in 1997 83 donkey kong jr nintendo 1982 30 000 1982 in the us 84 mr do universal 1982 30 000 1982 in the us 85 karate champ data east 1984 30 000 in the us until 1985 86 out run sega 1986 30 000 until 1994 87 100 million cabinet sales 88 290 million cabinet sales final fight capcom 1989 30 000 until 1991 89 virtua fighter 3 sega 1996 30 000 until 1997 83 nba jam midway 1993 20 000 until 2013 90 2 billion until 2013 91 3 6 billion world club champion football sega 2002 2 479 until 2009 n 6 706 014 million until 2012 96 1 26 billion mortal kombat ii midway 1993 27 000 until 2002 97 600 million until 2002 98 1 16 billion frogger sega 1981 135 million us hardware sales 99 478 million us hardware sales tempest atari 1981 29 000 until 1983 100 62 408 million hardware sales until 1991 70 148 million hardware sales q bert gottlieb 1982 25 000 until 2001 101 teenage mutant ninja turtles konami 1989 25 000 us eu until may 1990 102 103 beatmania konami 1997 25 000 until 2000 104 12 4 million until 1998 japan hardware sales n 8 24 9 million japan hardware sales mortal kombat midway 1992 24 000 until 2002 97 570 million until 2002 97 1 02 billion darkstalkers the night warriors capcom 1994 24 000 106 robotron 2084 williams 1982 23 000 until 1983 100 pole position namco 1982 21 000 in the us until 1983 100 60 933 million until 1983 100 70 us hardware sales 203 million us hardware sales dig dug namco 1982 22 228 70 in the us until 1983 107 46 3 million until 1983 70 us hardware sales 154 million us hardware sales popeye nintendo 1982 20 000 in the us until 1982 59 vs super mario bros nintendo 1986 20 000 1986 108 pump it up andamiro 1999 20 000 until 2005 109 tekken tag tournament namco 1999 19 000 until 2000 110 jungle hunt taito 1982 18 000 in the us until 1983 107 raiden tecmo 1990 17 000 111 killer instinct midway 1994 17 000 112 125 million 113 272 million pokémon mezastar takara tomy 2020 187 million until 2021 114 187 million dragon s lair cinematronics 1983 16 000 until 1983 115 116 68 8 million hardware sales until 1983 115 117 222 million hardware sales asteroids deluxe atari 1981 22 399 until 1999 118 46 1 million hardware sales until 1999 118 89 1 million hardware sales missile command atari 1980 19 999 until 2010 119 36 8 million hardware sales until 1991 118 87 million hardware sales berzerk stern 1980 15 780 until 1981 120 scramble konami 1981 15 136 until 1981 120 champion baseball sega 1983 15 000 in j...
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