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n 19 september 1944 and was required to expel forces of its former german ally in the lapland war retreating german forces utilised scorched earth tactics and though initially german general lothar rendulic ordered only the public buildings in rovaniemi to be destroyed on 13 october 1944 the german army received orders to destroy all the buildings in rovaniemi 1 15 only excluding hospitals and houses where inhabitants were present 16 while the german rearguard was going about the destruction an ammunition train in rovaniemi station exploded and set fire to the wooden houses of the town the german troops suffered many casualties mainly from glass splinters during these hostilities 90 of all the buildings in rovaniemi were destroyed 15 17 there is a german cemetery 19 km from rovaniemi where soldiers killed fighting in lapland during the war are buried although there has been continuous human settlement in the rovaniemi area since at least the stone age few of the buildings date back before 1944 since most of the city was destroyed during world war ii when the city was rebuilt it was designed with input by the finnish architect alvar aalto 18 1 who planned the city s footprint in the shape of a reindeer s head with the city roads forming the antlers and the local sports stadium as the reindeer s eye 15 geography edit climate edit rovaniemi climate chart explanation j f m a m j j a s o n d 42 8 15 34 8 14 36 3 9 31 4 4 36 11 2 59 17 7 69 20 11 72 17 9 54 10 4 55 3 1 49 3 8 42 6 13 average max and min temperatures in c precipitation totals in mm source world meteorological organization imperial conversion j f m a m j j a s o n d 1 7 17 6 1 3 18 7 1 4 27 15 1 2 38 25 1 4 51 36 2 3 62 45 2 7 67 52 2 8 62 48 2 1 51 40 2 1 38 30 1 9 27 18 1 6 20 10 average max and min temperatures in f precipitation totals in inches due to its location near the arctic circle rovaniemi has a subarctic climate köppen dfc with short pleasant summers while the winters are long cold and snowy the city lies just south of the 0 c 32 f mean annual isotherm but freezing in the soil is very limited even during the winter due to typical heavy snow cover its extreme northerly location combined with frequent overcast skies leads to very low levels of sunshine in the winter months december averages just under six minutes of sunshine daily the midnight sun is above the horizon from 7 june to 6 july 30 days winters are somewhat modified by marine air from the north atlantic current that ensures average temperatures are less extreme than expected for an inland area at such a northerly latitude nevertheless rovaniemi still has colder winters than areas at similar latitudes in norway or sweden on 26 april 2019 rovaniemi recorded its warmest april day on record with 19 c 66 f 19 climate data for rovaniemi lentoasema elevation 196m 1991 2020 extremes 1959 present month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high c f 6 1 43 0 5 8 42 4 9 5 49 1 19 0 66 2 28 2 82 8 30 7 87 3 32 2 90 0 29 1 84 4 22 6 72 7 15 6 60 1 8 7 47 7 5 0 41 0 32 2 90 0 mean maximum c f 1 0 33 8 1 5 34 7 5 1 41 2 11 5 52 7 21 1 70 0 24 7 76 5 26 4 79 5 24 2 75 6 18 0 64 4 10 0 50 0 3 9 39 0 2 1 35 8 27 3 81 1 mean daily maximum c f 7 3 18 9 7 3 18 9 1 9 28 6 4 1 39 4 11 0 51 8 17 0 62 6 20 1 68 2 17 2 63 0 11 1 52 0 3 1 37 6 2 1 28 2 4 9 23 2 5 0 41 0 daily mean c f 10 3 13 5 10 3 13 5 5 6 21 9 0 1 32 2 6 5 43 7 12 5 54 5 15 6 60 1 13 1 55 6 7 7 45 9 0 8 33 4 4 4 24 1 7 7 18 1 1 5 34 7 mean daily minimum c f 13 5 7 7 13 3 8 1 9 1 15 6 3 4 25 9 2 5 36 5 8 5 47 3 11 8 53 2 9 6 49 3 4 9 40 8 1 3 29 7 6 7 19 9 10 6 12 9 1 7 28 9 mean minimum c f 25 9 14 6 24 5 12 1 18 6 1 5 11 4 11 5 3 1 26 4 2 6 36 7 6 7 44 1 3 7 38 7 1 2 29 8 10 4 13 3 16 7 1 9 22 2 8 0 27 8 18 0 record low c f 38 1 36 6 35 0 31 0 27 5 17 5 18 7 1 7 11 0 12 2 2 6 27 3 2 4 36 3 0 6 30 9 7 7 18 1 21 5 6 7 27 9 18 2 32 9 27 2 38 1 36 6 average precipitation mm inches 46 1 8 37 1 5 37 1 5 34 1 3 48 1 9 64 2 5 81 3 2 68 2 7 60 2 4 54 2 1 55 2 2 51 2 0 633 24 9 average snowfall cm inches 57 22 73 29 75 30 27 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 19 7 5 38 15 290 114 average precipitation days 11 10 8 8 8 10 10 9 9 10 13 12 118 mean monthly sunshine hours 15 57 132 203 237 271 260 182 112 60 18 3 1 550 source 1 ilmatieteen laitos 20 source 2 fmi 21 22 climate data for rovaniemi apukka elevation 106m 1991 2020 extremes 1959 present month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high c f 7 9 46 2 7 1 44 8 10 6 51 1 17 2 63 0 28 8 83 8 31 2 88 2 31 2 88 2 29 8 85 6 23 3 73 9 14 0 57 2 8 5 47 3 6 2 43 2 31 2 88 2 mean daily maximum c f 7 4 18 7 7 19 1 1 30 0 4 6 40 3 11 5 52 7 17 4 63 3 20 5 68 9 17 7 63 9 11 8 53 2 3 7 38 7 1 7 28 9 4 9 23 2 5 4 41 7 daily mean c f 11 7 10 9 11 6 11 1 6 6 20 1 0 2 31 6 6 4 43 5 12 5 54 5 15 5 59 9 12 9 55 2 7 6 45 7 0 8 33 4 4 5 23 9 8 6 16 5 1 34 mean daily minimum c f 17 1 17 2 1 0 12 9 8 8 5 5 22 1 1 1 34 0 7 1 44 8 10 2 50 4 8 46 3 6 38 5 2 1 28 2 7 8 18 0 13 2 8 2 3 8 25 2 record low c f 47 5 53 5 44 3 47 7 40 4 40 7 31 6 24 9 14 7 5 5 3 7 25 3 1 5 29 3 4 1 24 6 11 0 12 2 28 6 19 5 34 4 29 9 39 3 38 7 47 5 53 5 average precipitation mm inches 39 1 5 30 1 2 29 1 1 30 1 2 43 1 7 58 2 3 75 3 0 59 2 3 55 2 2 49 1 9 48 1 9 42 1 7 555 21 9 average precipitation days 10 9 8 8 8 10 10 9 9 10 12 11 114 source 1 ilmatieteen laitos 20 source 2 fmi 23 rovaniemi s lordi s square in february 2020 the average annual temperature in rovaniemi is 0 9 c 33 6 f snow stays on the ground 175 days a year on average the lowest temperature ever recorded at the airport is 38 1 c 37 f recorded on 28 january 1999 however on the same day temperatures as cold as 47 5 c were recorded at nearby weather stations 24 the highest temperature ever recorded is 32 2 c 90 f recorded on 18 july 2018 at the railway station 25 despite the fact that rovaniemi experiences polar day between 7 june and 6 july 30 days it does not experience polar night however the sun barely gets above the horizon in the winter 26 populated places edit some of the neighborhoods are former rural villages and the longest distance from said neighborhoods to the city center a k a rovaniemi proper can be estimated to almost a hundred kilometers apart alakorkalo ala nampa auttinseutu hirvas jaatila juotasniemi karvonranta katajaranta kauko kiiruna kivitaipale kolpene korkalovaara koskenkylä lehtojärvi leipee lohiniva marrasjärvi marraskoski meltaus misi muurola narkaus niesi nivankylä nivavaara norvajärvi oikarainen ojanperä olkkajärvi ounasrinne paavalniemi patokoski pekkala perunkajärvi petäjäinen pisa pullinranta pöykkölä rantaviiri rautiosaari ruikka saarenkylä sinettä santamäki sonka syväsenvaara tapionkylä tennilä teollisuuskylä tiainen tuhnaja vaarala vanttausjärvi vanttauskoski vennivaara viiri vikajärvi välijoki ylikylä yli nampa demographics edit population edit historical population year pop p a 1930 5 442 1940 6 685 2 08 1972 45 767 6 20 1980 48 056 0 61 1990 54 014 1 18 2000 57 253 0 58 2010 60 090 0 48 2020 63 528 0 56 2025 66 102 0 80 source tilastollinen päätoimisto 27 statistics finland 1972 2020 28 the city of rovaniemi has 66 191 inhabitants making it the 17th most populous city in finland the rovaniemi region has a population of 69 721 population size 1990 2025 29 year population 1990 54 014 1995 57 045 2000 57 253 2005 57 835 2010 60 090 2015 61 838 2020 63 528 2025 66 191 languages edit population by mother tongue 2025 29 finnish 93 2 ukrainian 0 80 russian 0 80 english 0 50 chinese 0 40 sami 0 30 arabic 0 30 other 3 70 rovaniemi is a monolingual finnish speaking municipality the majority of the population 61 713 persons 93 2 spoke finnish as their first language in addition the number of swedish speakers was 144 persons 0 2 of the population foreign languages were spoken by 6 2 of the population the number of sámi speakers was 221 persons 0 3 of the population 29 as english and swedish are compulsory school subjects functional bilingualism or trilingualism acquired through language studies is not uncommon at least 40 different languages are spoken in rovaniemi the most common foreign languages are ukrainian 0 8 russian 0 8 english 0 5 and chinese 0 4 29 immigration edit population by country of birth 2025 29 country of birth population finland 61 330 92 6 sweden 802 1 2 ukraine 333 0 5 china 242 0 4 philippines 217 0 3 russia 200 0 3 thailand 143 0 2 iraq 135 0 2 somalia 92 0 1 other 1 798 2 7 as of 2024 update there were 3 778 persons with a migrant background living in rovaniemi or 6 of the population note 1 the number of residents who were born abroad was 4 367 or 7 of the population the number of persons with foreign citizenship living in rovaniemi was 2 886 most foreign born citizens came from sweden ukraine china and russia 31 the relative share of immigrants in rovaniemi s population is below to the national average however the city s new residents are increasingly of foreign origin this will increase the proportion of foreign residents in the coming years religion edit in 2023 the evangelical lutheran church was the largest religious group with 69 1 of the population of rovaniemi other religious groups accounted for 1 6 of the population 29 3 of the population had no religious affiliation 32 of the revival movements within the church conservative laestadianism is particularly active in the locality with three peace associations in the locality the rovaniemi peace association 33 the rautionsaari peace association 34 and the viirinkylä peace association 35 other local communities include the rovaniemi pentecostal church a member of the finnish pentecostal church 36 and the rovaniemi adventist church part of the finnish adventist church 37 economy edit rovaniemi in 1999 since rovaniemi is the capital of the region of lapland many government institutions have their offices there about 10 000 of the inhabitants are students rovaniemi is home to not only the university of lapland but also the lapland university of applied sciences formerly known as the rovaniemi polytechnic which comprises institutes of information and traditional technology business health and social care culinary studies forestry rural studies and sports local newspapers include the lapin kansa uusi rovaniemi and lappilainen further information energiapolar tourism edit summer in rovaniemi which includes the midnight sun because of the unspoiled nature of the area and numerous recreational opportunities tourism is an important industry in rovaniemi the city has a number of hotels and restaurants located both in the centre and on the outskirts of the town hosting over 481 000 visitors in 2013 38 tourism can be seen and heard in the city s streetscape at the arctic circle and at rovaniemi airport one of finland s busiest airports in terms of passenger numbers 39 however as a mild phenomenon popularity of the city has also brought overtourism from which the locals suffer 1 10 40 41 42 43 jätkänkynttilä swedish torch bridge rovaniemi is also considered by finns to be the official home town of santa claus 1 10 44 45 46 the city registered the slogan as trademark in 2009 in 2025 an invalidation request was filed at the european union intellectual property office euipo arguing the trademark is descriptive and potentially deceptive 47 it is home to the santa claus village at the arctic circle and santapark arctic world which is located 8 km 5 mi north of the centre directly across the river from the town is the ounasvaara ski centre 48 there have been recreational activities in the ounasvaara area since 1927 49 when the first winter sports were also organized 50 the top of the ounasvaara hill bears the site of some of the earliest known human settlements in the area a phenomenon also attracting numerous tourists is the aurora borealis or northern lights 51 in finnish lapland the number of auroral displays can be as high as 200 a year whereas in southern finland the number is usually fewer than 20 attractions edit santa claus village rovaniemi s most prominent landmarks include the jätkänkynttilä bridge with its eternal flame over the kemijoki river the arktikum science museum which rises out of the bank of the ounasjoki river the rovaniemi city hall the lappia hall which serves as a theatre concert hall and congress centre and the library the last three mentioned buildings are designed by alvar aalto the arktikum science museum is a comprehensive museum of finland s and the world s arctic regions sports edit rovaniemi s keskuskenttä home ground of rops the city is home to the football clubs rovaniemen palloseura or rops part of ykkönen the finnish third division and fc santa claus part of the sixth division to the ice hockey team rovaniemen kiekko or roki whose home arena is lappi areena and which competes in mestis the second highest league in finland and to the volleyball team called team lakkapää formerly rovaniemen santasport and perungan pojat which plays in the finland volleyball league and won the national championship in 2003 2007 2008 and 2011 the rovaniemi nordmen an american football team was formed in 2013 and has played at various levels throughout the finnish american football association 52 rovaniemi has hosted several international ski competition including the fis nordic world ski championships 1984 several fis nordic combined world cup and fis ski jumping continental cup events the 2005 fis nordic junior world ski championships the 1970 winter universiade and the 2008 winter transplant games in 2021 rovaniemi hosted the world rally championship for 2021 arctic rally finland the first wrc event held inside the arctic circle transport edit rovaniemi airport shopping center revontuli vr group the finnish state railway system operates direct daytime and overnight passenger trains from rovaniemi station to oulu tampere helsinki and turku diesel powered passenger trains operated northeast of rovaniemi to kemijärvi until march 2014 when electrification to that town was completed rovaniemi airport is located about 10 kilometres 6 mi north of the rovaniemi city centre and it is the second busiest airport in finland after helsinki vantaa airport 53 while at the beginning of the millennium over 300 international flights landed in rovaniemi annually in the 2020s the number is almost five times that 10 the busiest time for the airport is in the christmas season when many people go on santa flights 54 notable inhabitants edit see also category people from rovaniemi snowboarder and 2005 winter x games gold medalist antti autti rovaniemi native in april 2005 received his own piece of land in the city for being named to the 2006 finnish olympic team antti iivari born 1992 ice hockey player writer timo k mukka died in rovaniemi in 1974 nätti jussi pretty john legendary lumberjack and forester harri olli ski jumper tanja poutiainen alpine skier tauno luiro ski jumper world record holder tomi putaansuu better known as mr lordi lead singer of the hard...
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