Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
edit, and, binaries, apple, fat, binary, cp, dos, multi, combined, for, apollo, linux, navigation, architecture, com, files, universal, tools, contents, windows, similar, concepts, see, also, notes, references, further, reading, menu, compound, executables, next, style, 80, 86, sys, crash, protected, system, fatelf, fatpack, heterogeneous, computing, objects, function, versioning, personal, namespaces, views, search, contribute, print, export, languages, nextstep, mach, mac, os,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (413), and (192), for (102), from (101), dos (100), file (90), retrieved (73), original (70), archived (69), #binary (67), code (65), with (58), 2021 (49), com (49), fat (47), 2022 (45), files (45), this (44), #binaries (44), that (41), which (40), architecture (38), not (37), are (37), program (35), system (33), pdf (32), executable (31), edit (28), driver (28), can (27), apple (27), under (26), multi (25), both (25), 2020 (23), used (23), but (23), programs (23), universal (22), also (22), use (21), different (21), powerpc (20), have (20), operating (20), instruction (20), one (20), bit (20), was (19), sys (19), device (19), format (19), version (18), time (18), applications (18), processors (18), x86 (18), you (17), linux (17), multiple (17), some (17), usa (17), run (16), into (16), byte (16), systems (16), pages (15), support (15), type (15), these (15), self (15), intel (15), software (15), computer (15), runtime (14), well (14), architectures (14), header (14), similar (14), versions (14), containing (13), matthias (13), mac (13), feature (13), will (13), first (13), same (13), all (12), 2019 (12), org (12), windows (12), paul (12), loaded (12), its (12), cpu (12), 2009 (12), fatelf (12), z80 (12), page (11), between (11), machine (11), data (11), set (11), would (11), end (11), has (11), when (11), 8080 (11), start (11), next (11), executables (11), command (10), number (10), possible (10), loader (10), 1997 (10), 2018 (10), cuda (10), control (10), such (10), elliott (10), platforms (10), may (9), inc (9), create (9), dynamic (9), country (9), drivers (9), supported (9), they (9), heterogeneous (9), 2010 (9), ascii (9), many (9), new (9), jump (9), john (9), archive (9), 8086 (9), compatible (9), ebh (9), platform (9), were (9), nextstep (9), wikipedia (8), more (8), does (8), freekeyb (8), mouse (8), line (8), image (8), dev (8), method (8), include (8), based (8), compiler (8), gpu (8), computing (8), however (8), size (8), through (8), processor (8), combined (8), about (7), what (7), tools (7), dead (7), while (7), target (7), keyboard (7), other (7), there (7), works (7), specific (7), embedded (7), single (7), user (7), nvidia (7), 2016 (7), 2014 (7), utilities (7), issn (7), environment (7), any (7), than (7), work (7), order (7), been (7), int (7), mach (7), apollo (7), function (7), offset (7), extension (7), using (6), statements (6), 2017 (6), need (6), newsgroup (6), freedos (6), 2002 (6), load (6), larger (6), only (6), style (6), just (6), form (6), 2012 (6), isbn (6), doi (6), 2007 (6), 2011 (6), character (6), characters (6), because (6), space (6), entry (6), opcode (6), 1998 (6), since (6), example (6), identical (6), bytes (6), archives (6), sequence (6), independent (6), common (6), families (6), thereby (6), hard (6), sometimes (6), object (6), called (6), transition (6), 68k (6), text (5), non (5), articles (5), build (5), library (5), 2001 (5), elimination (5), comp (5), call (5), necessary (5), programming (5), dynamically (5), users (5), performance (5), corporation (5), application (5), concept (5), kernel (5), txt (5), contains (5), each (5), jay (5), could (5), thus (5), their (5), had (5), exit (5), wordstar (5), although (5), either (5), written (5), pmsfx (5), fatbin (5), source (5), address (5), magic (5), 20h (5), resource (5), crash (5), introduced (5), stack (5), c9h (5), concurrent (5), portable (5), developers (4), available (4), link (4), special (4), changes (4), article (4), read (4), references (4), language (4), formats (4), 2005 (4), features (4), 1996 (4), four (4), how (4), like (4), dependencies (4), routines (4), remove (4), changing (4), being (4), configuration (4), options (4), modules (4), particular (4), tiny (4), framework (4), generate (4), techniques (4), relocating (4), gcc (4), gnu (4), lto (4), collection (4), 978 (4), ieee (4), international (4), conference (4), parallel (4), multi2sim (4), yuan (4), proceedings (4), reference (4), wang (4), hong (4), journal (4), june (4), fatpack (4), ryan (4), gordon (4), california (4), within (4), terminate (4), digital (4), interface (4), sage (4), rst (4), executed (4), z3txt (4), make (4), ibmbio (4), older (4), 1994 (4), chapter (4), release (4), names (4), out (4), another (4), point (4), them (4), calling (4), extracting (4), cpm (4), later (4), supports (4), combine (4), see (4), arm (4), macintosh (4), structure (4), tidbits (4), contain (4), higher (4), types (4), variants (4), even (4), originally (4), protected (4), compatibility (4), return (4), zero (4), elf (4), sections (4), allow (4), share (4), drive (4), two (4), arm64 (4), running (4), native (4), free (4), openstep (4), terms (3), last (3), upload (3), main (3), navigation (3), search (3), account (3), personal (3), hidden (3), april (3), december (3), short (3), description (3), cs1 (3), german (3), location (3), 2006 (3), gotham (3), frederick (3), narkive (3), tunney (3), justine (3), alexandra (3), roberts (3), reading (3), die (3), resident (3), msdos (3), goes (3), deal (3), provide (3), itself (3), initialization (3), depending (3), switches (3), images (3), sub (3), fix (3), level (3), able (3), distributed (3), case (3), defines (3), various (3), cases (3), assembly (3), without (3), small (3), still (3), allowing (3), model (3), memory (3), assembler (3), manual (3), console (3), project (3), packages (3), optimized (3), internals (3), compilation (3), simulation (3), massachusetts (3), 1109 (3), simulator (3), acm (3), guide (3), february (3), icculus (3), virtual (3), several (3), word (3), exact (3), marker (3), disk (3), rather (3), conventions (3), functions (3), dec (3), pdp (3), 1992 (3), carlson (3), art (3), bill (3), corner (3), ark (3), 13960 (3), module (3), never (3), followed (3), must (3), warm (3), boot (3), 0748 (3), 9331 (3), tcj (3), part (3), 1988 (3), 2003 (3), opendos (3), update (3), alpha (3), including (3), provided (3), 1995 (3), needed (3), install (3), old (3), tricky (3), config (3), overlays (3), very (3), info (3), legal (3), pma (3), smaller (3), extract (3), produce (3), pmarc (3), dskwrite (3), runs (3), those (3), protection (3), way (3), opcodes (3), 04h (3), 01h (3), mips (3), inside (3), creating (3), manager (3), notes (3), gnustep (3), engineering (3), shipped (3), message (3), inappropriately (3), bios (3), problem (3), early (3), extensions (3), newer (3), jumping (3), ret (3), c3h (3), cmd (3), plus (3), devised (3), alternative (3), speed (3), libraries (3), llvm (3), versioning (3), purpose (3), choose (3), development (3), distribution (3), web (3), additionally (3), convention (3), gracefully (3), cause (3), wrong (3), rosetta (3), targeted (3), ppc (3), generally (3), continued (3), compiled (3), compound (3), statement (2), view (2), contact (2), privacy (2), policy (2), september (2), links (2), download (2), wikidata (2), information (2), help (2), contents (2), talk (2), categories (2), unsourced (2), potentially (2), dated (2), list (2), long (2), test (2), https (2), fat_binary (2), amigaos (2), making (2), news (2), cosmopolitan (2), once (2), further (2), und (2), daß (2), ein (2), nicht (2), released (2), specify (2), extent (2), screen (2), almost (2), before (2), makes (2), layout (2), installed (2), relocation (2), individual (2), included (2), specified (2), large (2), high (2), combinations (2), dispatch (2), tables (2), tsr (2), instructions (2), overhead (2), amount (2), keep (2), relocate (2), done (2), alt (2), supporting (2), most (2), utilizing (2), pre (2), analysis (2), alongside (2), discarding (2), granular (2), underlying (2), hardware (2), relaxing (2), meta (2), unicode (2), frinke (2), axel (2), clang (2), 4503 (2), david (2), amd (2), 2013 (2), 176 (2), george (2), fung (2), wilson (2), aamodt (2), tor (2), ispass (2), columbia (2), flow (2), nvcc (2), developer (2), mark (2), 2004 (2), perry (2), collins (2), jamison (2), chinya (2), gautham (2), jiang (2), tian (2), xinmin (2), girkar (2), milind (2), lueh (2), guei (2), 1535 (2), technology (2), exoskeleton (2), 1145 (2), exochi (2), github (2), joe (2), thom (2), ubuntu (2), proof (2), gmane (2), november (2), placing (2), after (2), therefore (2), uses (2), allocated (2), directory (2), osborne (2), 1ah (2), real (2), returned (2), operation (2), research (2), full (2), vol (2), equipment (2), monitor (2), eds (2), result (2), should (2), cost (2), contained (2), string (2), null (2), now (2), name (2), length (2), zcpr (2), press (2), falls (2), caldera (2), readme (2), nwdostip (2), novell (2), undocumented (2), author (2), points (2), mpdostip (2), undokumentierte (2), für (2), tips (2), details (2), add (2), normal (2), directives (2), always (2), present (2), find (2), correct (2), advantage (2), usually (2), segment (2), 100h (2), difference (2), leave (2), where (2), psp (2), mode (2), announce (2), cutemouse (2), jmp (2), ffffh (2), probably (2), issue (2), gsx (2), reason (2), 100 (2), quite (2), 21h (2), e0h (2), seasip (2), three (2), effects (2), fatbnsea (2), converts (2), multiface (2), unix (2), fbmake (2), 706k (2), speaks (2), garbage (2), simeon (2), cran (2), myz80 (2), emulator (2), xchg (2), pms (2), valid (2), might (2), wilkinson (2), william (2), albert (2), richard (2), 1999 (2), specifically (2), general (2), identifying (2), confused (2), 90h (2), 3ah (2), 24h (2), 77h (2), 0eh (2), b2h (2), 02h (2), gadget (2), georgia (2), 1986 (2), heath (2), 2000 (2), programmer (2), approach (2), abi (2), tevanian (2), avadis (2), demoney (2), michael (2), enderby (2), kevin (2), wiebe (2), douglas (2), snyder (2), garth (2), redwood (2), city (2), patent (2), apparatus (2), pef (2), 1090 (2), 7017 (2), publishing (2), engst (2), adam (2), 256 (2), domain (2), wiki (2), packaging (2), java (2), differently (2), structures (2), stub (2), invoked (2), nlsfunc (2), accidentally (2), database (2), otherwise (2), whereas (2), 8088 (2), directly (2), c7h (2), prepared (2), hold (2), issuing (2), dedicated (2), behaviour (2), initial (2), near (2), eventually (2), bdos (2), shellcode (2), targeting (2), camouflaged (2), alphanumeric (2), hex (2), position (2), cross (2), perform (2), hand (2), automatically (2), chosen (2), according (2), addition (2), glibc (2), paths (2), intended (2), achieved (2), store (2), stored (2), known (2), objects (2), cpus (2), gpus (2), gpgpu (2), compile (2), execution (2), concepts (2), emulation (2), useful (2), machines (2), instead (2), required (2), implementation (2), logo (2), beginning (2), interpreted (2), overlay (2), avoid (2), developed (2), stubs (2), display (2), utility (2), executing (2), ibmdos (2), unpredictable (2), results (2), typically (2), fixed (2), executes (2), ffffffffh (2), shared (2), already (2), 68000 (2), appropriate (2), generations (2), incorrect (2), signature (2), leads (2), erroneously (2), msx (2), decoded (2), 103h (2), 03h (2), methods (2), preceded (2), reads (2), starting (2), 2dh (2), announced (2), natively (2), silicon (2), xcode (2), every (2), resources (2), calls (2), motorola (2), pcs (2), integer (2), fat_arch (2), struct (2), nfat_arch (2), unneeded (2), drives (2), scheme (2), microprocessors (2), ran (2), fork (2), nov (2), cookie, statistics, mobile, disclaimers, additional, apply, site, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, wikimedia, foundation, creative, commons, attribution, sharealike, license, edited, utc, português, 日本語, italiano, galego, español, deutsch, čeština, languages, printable, print, export, item, cite, permanent, related, here, recent, community, portal, learn, contribute, donate, random, current, events, history, views, english, namespaces, log, contributions, logged, menu, defined, dmy, dates, matches, volume, value, sources, index, php, title, oldid, 1110848613, münch, multimedia, threaded, tasking, haage, partner, gmbh, develop, warpup, amiga, stormc, αcτµαlly, pδrταblε, εxεcµταblε, ape, hacker, libc, your, anywhere, communiqué, brandneue, der, jeweils, notwendigen, bestandteile, des, treibers, erst, zum, installationszeitpunkt, zusammenbastelt, reloziert, keine, ungenutzten, oder, datenbereiche, mehr, bleiben, wenn, jemand, bestimmtes, benötigt, dynamischen, ann, beta, unique, installation, components, want, don, loadable, modularization, late, linkage, seen, far, saver, macros, calculator, anything, else, taking, completely, fragments, requested, functionality, relocates, codepages, builds, video, adapter, due, around, fifty, settings, uncountable, resulting, endless, technique, manages, resolve, restricted, exclude, somewhat, limited, whole, classical, middle, over, handle, analyze, fixup, automated, conditional, declare, optional, having, least, left, track, conditionals, moving, parts, ctrl, del, configurable, successor, k3plus, off, shelf, automatic, post, processing, dependency, implements, reconfigurability, minimize, footprint, downto, close, selected, locale, sixty, hundreds, unlimited, complexity, dynamics, who, conventional, canonical, modifying, morphing, macro, codes, layouts, published, 1991, enhanced, bahena, victor, rodriguez, power, clear, transparent, wennborg, hans, documentation, attributes, overview, ubal, rafael, jang, byunghyun, mistry, perhaad, schaa, dana, minneapolis, minnesota, 1182, 21st, pact, kaeli, 210, wrapper, 173, bakhoda, ali, wong, henry, symposium, boston, 163, 174, 4919648, analyzing, workloads, detailed, sham, ivan, vancouver, british, canada, warp, formation, scheduling, efficient, braun, lorenz, fröning, holger, modeling, benchmarking, pmbs, denver, colorado, 7281, 5977, pmbs49563, 00014, flux, lightweight, profiler, trm, 06721, 001_v11, helpmanual, fatbinary, note, 06762, 001_v6, technical, walkthrough, pro, tip, understand, jit, caching, harris, cudafatformat, ptxomp, vii, pearce, lisa, yakoushkin, sergey, tera, scale, 185, 196, 864x, itj, 1103, accelerator, yang, nick, 156, 166, 1273442, 1250753, sigplan, notices, core, multithreaded, mulder, sijmen, sjmulder, brockmeier, zonker, weekly, lwn, net, anatomy, alleged, failure, osnews, halts, holwerda, windisch, eric, subject, newsgroups, patches, specification, october, superuser, differences, encoding, bc_programmer, hope, forum, copy, merges, tags, hogan, 1982, transient, commands, berkeley, marks, 128, adding, waste, 127, seldom, likely, occur, cannot, assumes, reached, record, basic, unit, records, relies, content, locate, 931988, mcgraw, hill, pacific, grove, 1979, denoted, ignored, condition, operations, 207, dependent, modes, duplex, 1969, 431, handbook, communicating, sharing, monitors, table, characteristics, teletypewriters, maynard, 1965, pre00, multiprogramming, kibler, lincoln, t70v9g87h, protect, ourself, against, outside, chance, identifiers, category, rcps, fcps, descriptor, bridger, mitchell, jetldr, validate, sure, kind, stated, mistakes, damaged, detected, stands, follows, terminated, 12345678, progname, pad, spaces, 123, eng, z3envs, regular, independence, march, mcewen, chris, plainfield, jersey, socrates, t4dn54d22, zcpr3, montana, t1wd4v943, whatsnew, comprehensive, yet, maintained, sites, html, converted, zip, eigenschaften, externer, kommandos, 157, zukünftiges, calderas, habe, ich, den, startcode, von, modifiziert, fälschlicherweise, als, normales, programm, gestartet, ohne, absturz, zur, kommandozeile, zurückkehrt, wann, diese, sicherheitsfunktion, offizielle, einzug, halten, wird, ist, jedoch, noch, abzusehen, nwdos, tricks, rund, mit, blick, auf, bugs, workarounds, lst, ctmouse, our, advanced, really, preserves, improve, flexibility, execute, prior, regardless, require, back, times, protocol, consume, less, basically, parse, magics, overcome, remainder, loadhighing, true, safely, overwrite, meant, replace, pending, ffh, lineback, nathan, toastytech, shots, necasek, michal, suspect, flag, clearly, shown, switching, narrow, abstracted, switch, chooses, ovr, museum, again, lopushinsky, jim, produces, unpackable, zxcc, combines, m3c4sea, m3conv, snapshots, sna, pmsfx21x, unpacking, unpack, themselves, sizes, sp2bmsea, stop, canvas, bmp, spectrum, generic, mentions, package, asm, get, fossies, fresh, open, fatbn101, 22k, creates, msodball, convert, floppy, discs, amstrad, micros, hensa, brehm, andrew, desertpenguin, christw, ones, look, disassembly, translates, 3rd, thing, microsoft, money, crashes, during, import, transactions, payee, downloaded, transaction, chen, raymond, idea, better, registers, mov, means, ends, away, fun, defb, 0ebh, 018h, treated, sends, 011ah, 0130h, mixed, 44h, seligman, cory, drushel, harston, jonathan, graham, scenario, describes, pips, authors, chunks, logic, 2ah, a9h, rop, gadgets, cha, sang, kil, pak, brian, 17th, communications, security, ccs, chicago, illinois, pittsburgh, pennsylvania, atlanta, 547, 558, 0244, 1866307, 1866369, institute, carnegie, mellon, university, lipton, brumley, 1987, company, joseph, michigan, zenith, group, hug, 885, 2085, remark, something, singh, amit, 13270226, pearson, education, 5604905a, 1993, 5432937a, 241, comments, 240, diet, printing, chelmsford, 005809, a03, fedora, packagingdrafts, pero, nicola, 2008, devanbu, premkumar, fong, philip, stubblebine, stuart, kyoto, japan, 131, 0270, 5257, 8186, 8368, icse, 671109, 20th, trusted, organized, incompatible, offsets, databases, improved, parser, capable, headed, nevertheless, displaying, janus, why, listed, default, reducing, risk, attribute, neither, nor, keyb, avoided, choosing, conflicting, retained, reasons, third, party, wired, expect, alias, retf, popping, decodes, pop, 80186, 80188, cbh, suitable, conditions, mechanisms, differ, alternatively, passing, aligned, exited, falling, terminating, interrupt, preferable, complicated, emulates, equivalent, previously, planted, retn, implicitly, reaching, structured, translated, api, 8085, isn, conflictive, exe, batchjobs, multiuser, 386, flexos, 286, readable, side, effect, pic, linear, pointer, let, snippets, conditionally, ddce, math, capability, examples, loading, openblas, mkl, wish, keeping, fmv, piece, decides, detecting, capabilities, ability, versioned, semantic, cpuid, involves, delaying, too, intermediate, representation, optimization, m2s, extended, kepler, fermi, southern, islands, evergreen, ati, opencl, compute, unified, enable, sass, streaming, actually, aka, sim, cubin, ptx, specialized, compilers, chi, integration, sequencer, suite, extends, isas, initiate, cores, multithreading, pragma, openmp, following, approaches, assigning, dispatches, desktop, demonstrates, includes, tries, packed, integrated, mainline, citation, network, usb, sticks, helpful, cloud, partition, booted, experimentation, root, across, layer, bsd, browser, plug, ins, box, someday, legacy, centrally, shell, scripts, separated, trees, anymore, lib64, lib32, lib, distributions, longer, separate, downloads, technically, concatenation, indicating, abstraction, etc, abis, distantly, fashion, soft, eof, opened, prevents, displayed, printed, tops, vms, wright, z3env, described, above, incorporate, safety, crafted, follow, certain, recognized, external, identification, netware, patterns, reflect, actual, trying, prompt, bootstrap, loaders, directive, nls, whose, requirement, reject, per, sufficient, portion, 0100h, 0000h, designed, requires, internal, carried, except, situation, loads, shares, normally, confuse, much, ports, adapt, differing, sequences, 6502, overlapping, meanings, meaningful, rejects, avoiding, attached, extra, indicate, graceful, gencom, rsx, exiting, simply, z80asm, slr, error, correctly, fully, functional, built, corresponding, started, few, branch, locations, sees, 154h, straight, his, derivative, modifies, created, yoshihiko, mino, representing, 18h, 70h, 6dh, 73h, extractable, 52h, headers, attempting, scp, smooth, added, translation, allowed, removed, greater, wider, forward, migration, existing, supplied, play, role, fairly, steep, encouraged, offer, obvious, years, greatly, outstripped, double, dwarf, becomes, minor, fact, often, duplicated, thin, ditto, lipo, translator, promoted, perhaps, distinguish, previous, acquired, became, instance, 970, darwin, libtool, arch, argument, convenient, distribute, stores, subfiles, starts, unsigned, integers, identify, second, instances, alignment, subtype, fat_header, risc, led, creation, strip, era, percentage, overall, usage, stripping, members, significant, smoothed, transparently, evolving, emulated, slower, took, storage, cfm, classic, sr10, cmpexe, bundled, prism, 680x0, alternatives, solve, selecting, bundles, distributing, place, compiling, union, directories, plan, apks, android, installer, usual, section, implementations, own, forks, expanded, fattened, consequently, sets, multiarchitecture, encyclopedia, wayback
Text of the page (random words):
ect 62 function multi versioning edit even in a program or library intended for the same instruction set architecture a programmer may wish to make use of some newer instruction set extensions while keeping compatibility with an older cpu this can be achieved with function multi versioning fmv versions of the same function are written into the program and a piece of code decides which one to use by detecting the cpu s capabilities such as through cpuid intel c compiler gcc and llvm all have the ability to automatically generate multi versioned functions 63 this is a form of dynamic dispatch without any semantic effects many math libraries feature hand written assembly routines that are automatically chosen according to cpu capability examples include glibc intel mkl and openblas in addition the library loader in glibc supports loading from alternative paths for specific cpu features 64 a similar but byte level granular approach originally devised by matthias r paul and axel c frinke is to let a small self discarding relaxing and relocating loader embedded into the executable file alongside any number of alternative binary code snippets conditionally build a size or speed optimized runtime image of a program or driver necessary to perform or not perform a particular function in a particular target environment at load time through a form of dynamic dead code elimination ddce 65 66 67 68 see also edit cross platform software dos stub fat pointer linear executable lx new executable ne portable executable pe position independent code pic side effect universal hex format a fat hex file format targeting multiple platforms alphanumeric executable executable code camouflaged as sometimes even readable text multi architecture shellcode shellcode targeting multiple platforms and sometimes even camouflaged as alphanumeric text notes edit a b this isn t a problem for cp m 86 style executables under cp m 86 cp m 86 plus personal cp m 86 s5 dos concurrent cp m 86 concurrent dos concurrent dos 286 flexos concurrent dos 386 dos plus multiuser dos system manager and real 32 because they use the file extension cmd rather than com for these files the cmd extension however is conflictive with the file extension for batchjobs written for the command line processor cmd exe under the os 2 and windows nt operating system families a b c this works because a suitable return instruction can be used to exit programs under cp m 80 cp m 86 and dos although the opcodes exact conditions and underlying mechanisms differ under cp m 80 programs can terminate that is warm boot into the bios by jumping to 0 in the zero page either directly with rst 0 8080 8085 z80 opcode c7h or by calling bdos function 0 through the call 5 interface alternatively as the stack is prepared to hold a 0 return address before passing control to a loaded program they can for as long as the stack is aligned also be exited by issuing a ret opcode c9h instruction thereby falling into the terminating code at offset 0 in the zero page although dos has a dedicated int 20h interrupt as well as int 21h api sub functions to terminate programs which are preferable for more complicated programs for machine translated programs dos also emulates cp m s behaviour to some extent a program can terminate itself by jumping to offset 0 in its psp the equivalent to cp m s zero page where the system had previously planted an int 20h instruction also a loaded program s initial stack is prepared to hold a word of 0 so that a program issuing a near return retn 8088 8086 opcode c3h will implicitly jump to the start of its code segment as well thereby eventually reaching the int 20h as well a in cp m 86 the zero page is structured differently and there is no call 5 interface but the stack return method and bdos function 0 but now through int e0h both work as well on 8088 8086 processors the opcode c9h is an undocumented alias for cbh retf popping cs ip from the stack whereas it decodes as leave set sp to bp and pop bp on 80188 80186 and newer processors a b this problem could have been avoided by choosing non conflicting file extensions but once introduced these particular file names were retained from very early versions of ms dos pc dos for compatibility reasons with third party tools hard wired to expect these specific file names a b other dos files of this type are keyboard sys a binary keyboard layout database file for the keyboard driver keyb under ms dos and pc dos io sys containing the dos bios under ms dos and msdos sys a text configuration file under windows 95 ms dos 7 0 and higher but originally a binary system file containing the ms dos kernel however ms dos and pc dos do not provide crash protected system files at all and these file names are neither used nor needed in dr dos 7 02 and higher which otherwise does provide crash protected system files this is the reason why these files have the hidden attribute set so that they are not listed by default thereby reducing the risk of being invoked accidentally the country sys file formats supported by the ms dos pc dos and the dr dos families of operating systems contain similar data but are organized differently and incompatible since the entry points into the data structures are at different offsets in the file it is possible to create fat country sys databases which could be used under both dos families b however dr dos 7 02 and its nlsfunc 4 00 and higher include an improved parser capable of reading both types of formats and variants even at the same time so that janus headed files are not necessary c d the shipped files are nevertheless fat for including a tiny executable stub just displaying an embedded message when invoked inappropriately d b references edit devanbu premkumar t fong philip w l stubblebine stuart g 19 25 april 1998 3 3 java and th pdf techniques for trusted software engineering proceedings of the 20th international conference on software engineering proceedings international conference on software engineering kyoto japan p 131 doi 10 1109 icse 1998 671109 isbn 0 8186 8368 6 issn 0270 5257 archived from the original pdf on 2014 01 16 retrieved 2021 09 29 10 pages pero nicola 2008 12 18 gnustep tools make readme packaging github archived from the original on 2022 05 25 retrieved 2022 05 26 packagingdrafts gnustep fedora project wiki 2009 02 25 archived from the original on 2022 05 25 retrieved 2022 05 26 domain system software release notes software release 10 1 pdf first printing ed chelmsford massachusetts usa apollo computer inc december 1988 p 2 16 order no 005809 a03 retrieved 2022 07 24 256 pages a b engst adam c 1994 08 22 should fat binaries diet tidbits no 240 tidbits publishing inc issn 1090 7017 archived from the original on 2021 09 29 retrieved 2021 09 29 a b engst adam c 1994 08 29 fat binary comments tidbits no 241 tidbits publishing inc issn 1090 7017 archived from the original on 2021 09 29 retrieved 2021 09 29 chapter 1 resource manager resource manager reference resource file format inside macintosh mac os runtime architectures apple computer 1996 07 06 archived from the original on 2021 09 29 retrieved 2021 09 29 chapter 7 fat binary programs creating fat binary programs inside macintosh mac os runtime architectures apple computer 1997 03 11 archived from the original on 2021 09 29 retrieved 2011 06 20 1 chapter 8 pef structure inside macintosh mac os runtime architectures apple computer 1997 03 11 archived from the original on 2021 09 29 retrieved 2021 09 29 tevanian avadis demoney michael enderby kevin wiebe douglas snyder garth 1995 07 11 1993 08 20 method and apparatus for architecture independent executable files pdf redwood city california usa next computer inc us patent 5432937a archived pdf from the original on 2020 12 14 retrieved 2022 05 26 2 9 pages tevanian avadis demoney michael enderby kevin wiebe douglas snyder garth 1997 02 18 1995 02 28 method and apparatus for architecture independent executable files pdf redwood city california usa next computer inc us patent 5604905a archived pdf from the original on 2022 05 26 retrieved 2022 05 26 9 pages universal binaries and 32 bit 64 bit powerpc binaries mac os x abi mach o file format reference apple inc 2009 02 04 2003 archived from the original on 2012 04 27 singh amit 2006 06 19 2 6 2 fat binaries mac os x internals a systems approach pearson education p 66 isbn 978 0 13270226 3 retrieved 2021 09 28 paul matthias r 2002 10 07 2000 re run a com file newsgroup alt msdos programmer archived from the original on 2017 09 03 retrieved 2017 09 03 3 nb has details on dos com program calling conventions a b c wilkinson william bill albert 2005 04 02 2003 1999 02 16 february 1987 1986 11 15 1986 11 10 written at heath company usa something common about ms dos and cp m remark vol 8 no 2 st joseph michigan usa heath zenith users group hug pp 55 57 85 p n 885 2085 archived from the original on 2021 12 13 4 a b c cha sang kil pak brian brumley david lipton richard jay 2010 10 08 2010 10 04 platform independent programs pdf proceedings of the 17th acm conference on computer and communications security ccs 10 chicago illinois usa carnegie mellon university pittsburgh pennsylvania usa georgia institute of technology atlanta georgia usa pp 547 558 doi 10 1145 1866307 1866369 isbn 978 1 4503 0244 9 archived pdf from the original on 2022 05 26 retrieved 2022 05 26 5 12 pages see also 6 nb does not address the scenario specifically for 8080 vs 8086 instruction set architectures as for cp m and dos but describes the general self identifying program concept of platform independent programs pips through what the authors call a gadget header that is chunks of program logic not to be confused with rop gadgets for x86 mips and arm i e 0eh b2h 02h a9h 0eh b2h 02h 3ah 24h 77h 01h 04h or 90h ebh 20h 2ah 90h ebh 20h 3ah 24h 77h 01h 04h a b c d e f wilkinson william bill albert seligman cory drushel richard f harston jonathan graham elliott john c 1999 02 17 ms dos cp m compatible binaries newsgroup comp os cpm archived from the original on 2021 12 13 retrieved 2021 12 13 nb some of the opcodes in elliott s example code ebh 44h ebh and ebh 04h might be mixed up a b elliott john c 2009 10 27 cp m info program newsgroup comp os cpm archived from the original on 2021 12 13 retrieved 2021 12 13 dos protection feature the idea is based on the utilities in simeon cran s myz80 emulator the dos protection header in those goes one better by not changing any z80 registers the magic sequence is eb 52 eb xchg mov d d xchg but that means the dos code ends up quite a way away from the start of the program more fun can be had with self extract pmarc archives start one with defb 0ebh 018h pms and it s treated as a valid archive by the pma utilities sends 8086 processors to 011ah and z80 processors to 0130h christw 2012 11 14 2012 11 13 chen raymond ed microsoft money crashes during import of account transactions or when changing a payee of a downloaded transaction the new old thing archived from the original on 2018 07 05 retrieved 2018 05 19 byte sequence eb 03 c3 yy xx if you create a com file with those 5 bytes as the first ones you ll see jmp short 3 followed by 3 garbage bytes if you look at a z80 disassembly that translates to ex de hl inc bc the 3rd byte is jump followed by the 16 bit address specified as yy xx you ll have a com file that runs on ms dos and cp m nb while the author speaks about the z80 this sequence also works on the 8080 and compatible processors brehm andrew j 2016 cp m and ms dos fat binary desertpenguin org archived from the original on 2018 05 19 retrieved 2018 05 19 nb while the article speaks about the z80 the code sequence also works on the 8080 and compatible processors elliott john c 1996 06 13 upload to micros hensa ac uk newsgroup comp os cpm archived from the original on 2021 12 13 retrieved 2021 12 13 fatbin 1 00 combine a cp m com file and a dos com file to create one which runs on both platforms it was used to create msodball 2 05 convert floppy discs between amstrad 706k format and a dos 706k format both the programs run under cp m 80 and dos elliott john c 1998 06 28 1997 04 01 fatbin v1 01 archived from the original on 1998 06 28 nb fatbn101 com 22k 1997 04 01 fatbin v1 01 creates fat binary files which will run under both cp m and dos distributed in a self extracting archive for cp m 80 and dos elliott john c 2002 03 11 dskwrite v1 00 fossies the fresh open source software archive archived from the original on 2021 12 12 retrieved 2021 12 12 dskwrite z80 contains source for the cp m version dskwrite asm contains source for the dos version to get the single com file you need to use fbmake 7 nb mentions fbmake from the fatbnsea com package a b elliott john c 2012 06 20 2005 01 05 generic cp m seasip info archived from the original on 2021 11 17 retrieved 2021 12 12 self extracting archives are com files containing a number of smaller files when you run one it will create its smaller files the self extract archive programs will run under dos 2 or later or cp m with identical effects to extract them under unix you can use zxcc fatbnsea com fatbin combines a cp m 80 com file and a dos com file to produce one that will work on both systems m3c4sea com m3conv version 4 converts spectrum snapshots in the z80 or sna format to or from multiface 3 format multiface 3 z80 only on a pc pmsfx21x com pmsfx is the program that was used to generate these self unpacking archives this version 2 11 can generate archives which unpack themselves under cp m or dos you will need pmarc to use pmsfx new under dos it supports exact file sizes sp2bmsea com converts a stop press canvas file to a windows bmp 8 elliott john c 1997 01 18 1997 01 11 pmsfx 2 newsgroup comp os cpm archived from the original on 2021 12 13 retrieved 2021 12 13 i ve written a version of pmsfx that produces com files unpackable under dos and cp m the first three bytes are both legal z80 code legal 8086 code and legal pma header as a self extracting archive elliott john c lopushinsky jim 2002 1998 04 11 cp m 3 com file header seasip info archived from the original on 2016 08 30 retrieved 2016 08 29 a b necasek michal 2018 01 30 2018 01 28 2018 01 26 wordstar again os 2 museum archived from the original on 2019 07 28 retrieved 2019 07 28 the reason to suspect such difference is that version 3 2x also supported cp m 86 the overlays are identical between dos and cp m 86 only the main executable is different the ovr files are 100 identical between dos and cp m 86 with a flag clearly shown in the wordstar 3 20 manual switching between them at runtime the os interface in wordstar is quite narrow and well abstracted the wordstar 3 2x overlays are 100 identical between the dos and cp m 86 versions there is a runtime switch which chooses between calling int 21h dos and int e0h cp m 86 ws com is not the same between dos and cp m 86 although it s probably not very different either lineback nathan gsx screen...
|
