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d by him at 02 30 on the 26th 88 isolated pockets held out even longer and the central ordnance munitions depot known as little hong kong surrendered on 27 december this was the first occasion on which a british crown colony had surrendered to an invading force 89 the garrison had held out for 17 days this day is known in hong kong as black christmas 90 aftermath edit casualties edit sai wan war cemetery the japanese officially reported 675 men killed and 2 079 wounded western estimates go as high as 1 895 dead and 6 000 casualties overall allied casualties were 1 111 men killed 1 167 missing and 1 362 wounded 91 sources vary other figures given include 1 045 killed 1 068 missing and 2 300 wounded 92 as well as 1 560 killed or missing 93 allied dead including british canadian and indian soldiers were eventually interred at sai wan military cemetery and the stanley military cemetery total battle casualties of indian other ranks is given to be 1 164 out of a total of 3 893 military personnel from india who were garrisoned in hong kong the 5 7 rajput bore the heaviest losses 94 95 recorded amongst the 6 combat regiments during the battle of hong kong 156 killed in action or died from wounds 113 missing and 193 wounded 96 the 2 14 punjab had 55 killed in action or died from wounds 69 missing and 161 wounded 97 c force casualties in the battle were 23 officers and 267 other ranks killed or died of wounds including five officers and 16 other ranks of the brigade headquarters seven officers and 123 men of the royal rifles and 11 officers and 128 men of the winnipeg grenadiers c force also had 28 officers and 465 men wounded some of the dead were murdered by japanese soldiers during or after surrender japanese soldiers committed a number of atrocities on 19 december when the aid post at the salesian mission near sau ki wan was overrun 98 a total of 1 528 soldiers mainly commonwealth predominantly indians and canadians are either buried or commemorated there there are also graves of other allied combatants who died in the region during the war including some dutch sailors who were re interred in hong kong after the war at the end of february 1942 the japanese government stated that numbers of prisoners of war in hong kong were british 5 072 canadian 1 689 indian 3 829 others 357 a total of 10 947 4 they were sent to sham shui po pow camp argyle street camp for officers north point camp primarily for canadians and royal navy ma tau chung camp 99 for indian soldiers yokohama camp in japan fukuoka camp in japan osaka camp in japan of the canadians captured during the battle 267 subsequently perished in japanese prisoner of war camps mainly due to neglect and abuse in december 2011 toshiyuki kato japan s parliamentary vice minister for foreign affairs apologised for the mistreatment to a group of canadian veterans of the battle of hong kong 100 civilians were interned at the stanley internment camp initially there were 2 400 internees although this number was reduced by repatriations during the war interned persons who died and prisoners executed by the japanese are buried in stanley military cemetery massacres and other war crimes edit this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed january 2020 learn how and when to remove this message a british pillbox near jardine s lookout the 23rd army s conduct in hong kong was characterized by brutality numerous and widespread war crimes were reported against both allied servicemen nurses and civilians 101 102 an estimated 10 000 hong kong civilians were executed during the three years and eight months of occupation while many others were tortured raped or mutilated 103 like other prisoners of war captured by the japanese the 10 947 prisoners of war captured in hong kong were subjected to murder torture both physical and psychological beatings extrajudicial punishment slavery starvation rations and poor medical treatment 101 hong kong island edit three captured persons were executed at quarry bay including a female air raid warden named ada baldwin who was with the local air raid precautions arp after the fall of the medical station near the west brigade command post ten stretcher bearers of the st john ambulance within the station were killed as well as a policeman and a medic from the royal army medical corps four men of a company winnipeg grenadiers were bayoneted after the battle at jardine s lookout 104 one grenadier private kilfoyle was killed on the forced march to north point according to witnesses four men were killed in the so called black hole of hong kong a mess hut at the wongneichong aa battery including two canadian officers in the evening of 18 19 december 1941 surrendered gunners of the 5th battery hong kong volunteer defence corps hkvdc and 5th heavy anti aircraft regiment at sai wan aa battery were murdered by japanese soldiers of no 6 company the 2nd battalion 229th infantry regiment in total 28 are killed some may have died in the fight for the position 105 in the morning of 19 december 1941 japanese soldiers of the 2nd battalion or 3rd battalion 229th infantry regiment murdered medical personnel and wounded soldiers who were captured at salesian mission which was used as an emergency hospital the japanese soldiers attempted to kill all male prisoners of wars and released two female nurses in total 16 were killed 106 from 19 to 20 december 1941 surrendered british and commonwealth soldiers from various units were kept in a small shed near the anti aircraft gun battery without food water and medical assistance they were hit by shells and some were killed as the result in wong nai chung gap the japanese troops responsible for this probably came from the 230th and 229th regiments in total at least 16 were killed 107 around thirty civilians of different ethnicities were massacred at no 42 blue pool road on 22 december 108 when the soldiers of the 230th infantry regiment entered blue pool road from the south they murdered civilians including local businessmen lam ming fan and three male relatives of his family as well a number of ministry of finance officials of the nationalist chinese government who took refuge in the houses along the road tang shiu kin a prominent businessman and philanthropist who was at the same spot survived the massacre 109 on 23 december 1941 british and commonwealth soldiers from various units led by lt col robert macpherson attempted to surrender but were killed by japanese soldiers of the no 6 company 2nd battalion of the 229th infantry regiment at the ridge in repulse bay at least 47 were killed and most of the killed prisoners of war were wounded soldiers 110 among the dead was major charles sydney clarke of china command hq two men of the 12th and 20th coastal regiments of the royal artillery ra six men of the royal army service corps rasc and two of the royal canadian army service corps rcasc nineteen men of the royal army ordnance corps raoc and three of the royal canadian ordnance corps rcoc and fourteen men of the rasc company of the hkvdc on 23 december 1941 wounded soldiers from various units were bayoneted at overbays by japanese soldiers of the 3rd battalion 229th infantry regiment the japanese troops also set fire on the building 111 the japanese executed at least fourteen captives men of the same units as at the ridge but also including three royal rifles of canada and an officer of the 1st middlesex 112 ride who was present at the surrender stated later that he saw fifty bodies lying by the road including six middlesex men among them these men may have been some of those attached to the hong kong chinese regiment 113 114 the commonwealth war graves commission report also states that five men of the royal air force went missing near the ridge on 20 december perhaps captured and killed on 23 december 1941 canadian troops from a company royal rifles and troops from various units were murdered at eucliff by soldiers of the 3rd battalion 229th infantry regiment after surrender at least 7 were killed 115 six men of the middlesex were killed defending pb 14 at deepwater bay ride lyon light most of them were killed after capture via beheading another 36 known victims cannot be placed precisely at one of the three locations ridge overbays eucliffe in the evening of 24 december japanese soldiers of the 229th and 230th regiments stormed the marynoll mission position resistance continued until dawn 116 at least six officers and a number of other men were killed after capture at maryknoll mission 117 four members of the 8th coastal regiment ra may have been killed here as well estimates of the number of men murdered vary from 11 to 16 in the evening of 24 december 1941 soldiers of the 1st battalion 229th regiment stormed the field hospital of st stephen s college murdering the medical personnel and the wounded soldiers nurses were raped and then murdered this was the largest scale war crime against the garrison during the battle 118 twelve nurses were raped at the emergency hospital at happy valley racecourse on 25 december 119 from 25 to 28 december 1941 japanese soldiers from various units possibly include rear area troops looted and raped the civilians in causeway bay they were sometimes stopped by japanese gendarmerie but there were not enough of them to stop the rampage 120 kowloon edit one private john payne and an australian were captured by the japanese in kowloon on 12 december and executed new territories edit from 8 9 december 1941 japanese soldiers from various units passed through the fanling orphanage and looted the place nurses and amahs were raped and brutalized at least one baby was killed during the process the case however was not thoroughly investigated and the perpetuators were not identified and tried 121 subsequent operations edit main article japanese occupation of hong kong see also british army aid group hong kong volunteer company and east river column dongjiang guerillas fighting in trenches isogai rensuke became the first japanese governor of hong kong this ushered in the three years and eight months of imperial japanese administration 103 the 38th infantry division departed hong kong in january 1942 the hong kong defence force was established during the same month and was the main japanese military unit in hong kong throughout the occupation 122 during the over three and a half years of occupation by the japanese an estimated 10 000 hong kong civilians were executed while many others were tortured raped or mutilated 103 the local population in the rural new territories a mix of hakka cantonese and other han chinese groups waged a guerrilla war with limited success the resistance groups were known as the gangjiu and dongjiang forces the japanese razed several villages in reprisal the guerillas fought until the end of the japanese occupation general takashi sakai who led the invasion of hong kong and served as governor for some time was tried as a war criminal and executed by a firing squad in 1946 citation needed japanese war criminals captured by british forces in hong kong response by the canadian government edit following the fall of hong kong conservative premier of ontario george a drew accused the federal government under liberal prime minister william lyon mackenzie king of incompetence for sending canadian troops that were not sufficiently trained to hong kong 123 minister of defence james ralston conceded that canadian soldiers were not adequately trained for a combat role but the government only expected the soldiers to serve in a garrison role 124 king responded by organizing a royal commission into the decision to send canadian troops to hong kong while king considered crerar as a commissioner he was concerned that he may frame the deployment as a political decision 125 chief justice lyman duff was appointed as the commissioner who subsequently cleared the government of any fault 123 126 the royal commission and its outcome tarnished the reputation of chief justice duff who had two years earlier been granted a bi partisan extension by parliament to his term despite being past the mandatory retirement age of 75 123 the report led to opposition in parliament to further extensions of his term and he subsequently retired in january 1943 123 in july 1946 major general christopher maltby the british commander in hong kong completed his final report which contradicted duff s report 127 the canadian government had the report toned down and delayed its publication until january 1948 127 awards edit battalions from both indian army regiments earned battle honours for the defence of hong kong 128 129 130 in his despatch major general c m maltby wrote about the conduct of troops under his command in hong kong and mentions the 5 7 rajput regiment this battalion fought well on the mainland and their repulse of the enemy attack on devil s peak was entirely successful the full force of the enemy s initial attack on the island fell on this battalion and they fought gallantly until they had suffered heavy casualties 100 of british officers and most senior indian officers being lost and were run over gander was a newfoundland dog posthumously awarded the dickin medal the animals victoria cross in 2000 for his deeds in world war ii the first such award in over 50 years he picked up a thrown japanese hand grenade and rushed with it toward the enemy dying in the ensuing explosion but saving the lives of several wounded canadian soldiers colonel lance newnham captain douglas ford and flight lieutenant hector bertram gray were awarded the george cross for the gallantry they showed in resisting japanese torture in the immediate aftermath of the battle the men had been captured and were in the process of planning a mass escape by british forces their plan was discovered but they refused to disclose information under torture and were shot by firing squad 131 captain mateen ansari of the 5 7th rajput s was awarded the george cross for most conspicuous gallantry in carrying out hazardous work in a very brave manner despite numerous efforts by the japanese to get him to renounce his allegiance to the british and assist them in spreading subversion amongst the indian ranks held in japanese pow camps after the fall of the colony all efforts failed ansari was tortured and starved for over five months before being sentenced to death he was executed by beheading on 20 october 1943 132 commemoration edit the cenotaph in central commemorates the defence as well as war dead from the first world war the shield in the colonial emblem of hong kong granted in 1959 featured the battlement design to commemorate the defence of hong kong during the second world war this coat of arms was in place until 1997 when it was replaced by the regional emblem after the war lei yue mun fort became a training ground for the british forces until 1987 ...
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