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dynamics, basics, technology, art, yamileva, kamilla, multia, evgen, evaluation, irritation, sensitization, potential, medical, grade, salve, single, blind, modified, draize, repeat, insult, patch, test, healthy, volunteers, 1080, 15569527, 2539501, cutaneous, ocular, toxicology, www, fao, chapter, kozowyk, langejans, poulis, e0150436, 26983080, pmid, 4794155, pmc, 1932, 6203, issn, 1371, pone, 0150436, 2016ploso, 1150436k, plos, one, lap, shear, testing, ochre, experimental, compound, oxford, oed, adj, dept, oceanography, texas, hatshepsut, expedition, land, punt, first, oceanographic, cruise, simone, finstrom, spivak, 311, 15828725, 1051, apido, 2010016, 295, apidologie, health, significance, gonçalves, alvim, silmary, jesus, 2001, apidae, palmicida, clusiaceae, riparian, 153, 85842020, 1017, s0266467401001092, 149, tropical, bittrich, amaral, maria, flower, morphology, biology, gran, sabana, venezuela, 694, jstor, 2307, 1996kewbu, 681b, 681, kew, bulletin, fiebach, klemens, grimm, dieter, 2000, weinheim, wiley, vch, 978, 527, 30673, 1002, 14356007, a23_073, ullmann, industrial, david, grimaldi, museum, window, past, jean, langenheim, 2003, portland, 88192, 574, evolution, ethnobotany, 3rd, union, pure, 2019, 1351, goldbook, rt07166, iupac, compendium, terminology, method, plastic, properties, similar, polyresin, manufactured, traditionally, island, chios, exudate, type, fossilized, many, conversion, solids, addition, hardener, silicones, prepared, silicone, harden, cure, exposure, oxygen, paints, room, temperature, vulcanization, glue, bisphenol, diglycidyl, applications, sri, lanka, lacquerware, kerria, lacca, lac, copals, principally, softer, odoriferous, oleo, more, flavor, nordic, folk, medicine, treating, wounds, skin, conditions, resinated, retsina, aleppo, scammony, asafoetida, ammoniacum, copaiba, dammars, brittle, caranna, lumps, dried, valued, production, raw, provide, constituents, oldest, late, southern, africa, where, adhesive, hafting, perfume, 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Text of the page (random words):
itch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia organic polymer typically from plants not to be confused with natural gum for other uses see resin disambiguation insect trapped in resin cedar of lebanon cone showing flecks of resin as used in the mummification of egyptian pharaohs a resin is a highly viscous liquid or solid that can be converted into a polymer 1 resins may be biological or synthetic in origin but are typically harvested from plants resins are mixtures of organic compounds insoluble in water predominantly terpenes technically resins should not be confused with gums which consist predominantly of water soluble polysaccharides although the two terms are often interchangeable in the less formal context common resins include pine oleoresins amber hashish frankincense myrrh and the animal derived resin shellac resins are used in varnishes adhesives food additives incenses and perfumes resins protect plants from insects and pathogens and are secreted in response to injury resins repel herbivores insects and pathogens while the volatile phenolic compounds may attract benefactors such as predators of insects that attack the plant 2 composition edit most plant resins are composed of terpenes specific components are α pinene β pinene 3 carene and sabinene the monocyclic terpenes limonene and terpinolene and smaller amounts of the tricyclic sesquiterpenes longifolene caryophyllene and cadinene some resins also contain a high proportion of resin acids rosins on the other hand are less volatile and consist of diterpenes among other compounds citation needed examples edit examples of plant resins include amber balm of gilead balsam canada balsam copal from trees of protium copal and hymenaea courbaril dammar gum from trees of the family dipterocarpaceae dragon s blood from the dragon trees dracaena species elemi frankincense from boswellia sacra galbanum from ferula gummosa gum guaicum from the lignum vitae trees of the genus guaiacum kauri gum from trees of agathis australis hashish cannabis resin from cannabis indica labdanum from mediterranean species of cistus mastic plant resin from the mastic tree pistacia lentiscus myrrh from shrubs of commiphora sandarac resin from tetraclinis articulata the national tree of malta styrax a benzoin resin from various styrax species and spinifex resin from australian grasses amber is fossil resin also called resinite from coniferous and other tree species copal kauri gum dammar and other resins may also be found as subfossil deposits subfossil copal can be distinguished from genuine fossil amber because it becomes tacky when a drop of a solvent such as acetone or chloroform is placed on it 3 african copal and the kauri gum of new zealand are also procured in a semi fossil condition rosin edit see also rosin extremely viscous resin extruding from the trunk of a mature araucaria columnaris rosin is a solidified resin from which the volatile terpenes have been removed by distillation typical rosin is a transparent or translucent mass with a vitreous fracture and a faintly yellow or brown colour non odorous or having only a slight turpentine odour and taste rosin is insoluble in water and mostly soluble in alcohol essential oils ether and hot fatty oils rosin softens and melts when heated and burns with a bright but smoky flame rosin consists of a complex mixture of different substances including organic acids named the resin acids related to the terpenes resin acid is oxidized terpenes resin acids dissolve in alkalis to form resin soaps from which the resin acids are regenerated upon treatment with acids examples of resin acids are abietic acid sylvic acid c 20 h 30 o 2 plicatic acid contained in cedar and pimaric acid c 20 h 30 o 2 a constituent of galipot resin abietic acid can also be extracted from rosin by means of hot alcohol rosin is obtained from pines and some other plants mostly conifers 4 plant resins are generally produced as stem secretions but in some central and south american species of dalechampia and clusia they are produced as pollination rewards and used by some stingless bee species in nest construction 5 6 propolis consisting largely of resins collected from plants such as poplars and conifers is used by honey bees to seal small gaps in their hives while larger gaps are filled with beeswax 7 petroleum and insect derived resins edit shellac is an example of an insect derived resin asphaltite and utah resin are petroleum bitumens history and etymology edit the material dripping from an almond tree looks confusingly like resin but actually is a gum or mucilage and chemically very different human use of plant resins has a long history that was documented in ancient greece by theophrastus in ancient rome by pliny the elder and especially in the resins known as frankincense and myrrh prized in ancient egypt 8 these were highly prized substances and required as incense in some religious rites the word resin comes from french resine from latin resina resin which either derives from or is a cognate of the greek ῥητίνη rhētínē resin of the pine of unknown earlier origin though probably non indo european 9 10 the word resin has been applied in the modern world to nearly any component of a liquid that will set into a hard lacquer or enamel like finish an example is nail polish certain casting resins and synthetic resins such as epoxy resin have also been given the name resin some naturally derived resins when soft are known as oleoresins and when containing benzoic acid or cinnamic acid they are called balsams oleoresins are naturally occurring mixtures of an oil and a resin they can be extracted from various plants other resinous products in their natural condition are a mix with gum or mucilaginous substances and known as gum resins several natural resins are used as ingredients in perfumes e g balsams of peru and tolu elemi styrax and certain turpentines 4 non resinous exudates edit other liquid compounds found inside plants or exuded by plants such as sap latex or mucilage are sometimes confused with resin but are not the same saps in particular serve a nutritive function that resins do not resin of pine uses edit plant resins edit plant resins are valued for the production of varnishes adhesives and food glazing agents they are also prized as raw materials for the synthesis of other organic compounds and provide constituents of incense and perfume the oldest known use of plant resin comes from the late middle stone age in southern africa where it was used as an adhesive for hafting stone tools 11 lumps of dried frankincense resin caranna a hard brittle resinous gum from species of protium the hard transparent resins such as the copals dammars mastic and sandarac are principally used for varnishes and adhesives while the softer odoriferous oleo resins frankincense elemi turpentine copaiba and gum resins containing essential oils ammoniacum asafoetida gamboge myrrh and scammony are more used for food and incense citation needed the resin of the aleppo pine is used to flavor retsina a greek resinated wine 12 the resin of norway spruce picea abies has been used in nordic folk medicine for treating wounds and skin conditions 13 animal resins edit while animal resins are not as common as either plant or synthetic resins some animal resins like lac obtained from kerria lacca are used for applications like sealing wax in india 14 and lacquerware in sri lanka citation needed synthetic resins edit main article synthetic resin many materials are produced via the conversion of synthetic resins to solids such as bisphenol a diglycidyl ether a resin converted to epoxy glue upon the addition of a hardener silicones are often prepared from silicone resins via room temperature vulcanization alkyd resins are used in paints and varnishes and harden or cure by exposure to oxygen in the air 15 see also edit amber fossilized tree resin balsam of peru type of tree balsam kino gum plant exudate pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets mastic plant resin resin traditionally obtained from the mastic tree on the island of chios pitch resin natural or manufactured resin polyresin synthetic materials with properties similar to natural resins pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets resin casting method of plastic casting resin extraction process of collecting sap or resin from pine trees references edit resin iupac compendium of chemical terminology 3 0 1 3rd ed international union of pure and applied chemistry 2019 doi 10 1351 goldbook rt07166 jean langenheim 2003 plant resins chemistry evolution ecology and ethnobotany portland or timber press isbn 0 88192 574 8 david grimaldi amber window to the past 1996 p 16 20 american museum of natural history 1 2 fiebach klemens grimm dieter 2000 resins natural ullmann s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry weinheim wiley vch doi 10 1002 14356007 a23_073 isbn 978 3 527 30673 2 bittrich v amaral maria c e 1996 flower morphology and pollination biology of some clusia species from the gran sabana venezuela kew bulletin 51 4 681 694 bibcode 1996kewbu 51 681b doi 10 2307 4119722 jstor 4119722 gonçalves alvim silmary de jesus 2001 resin collecting bees apidae on clusia palmicida clusiaceae in a riparian forest in brazil journal of tropical ecology 17 1 149 153 doi 10 1017 s0266467401001092 s2cid 85842020 simone finstrom m spivak m 2010 propolis and bee health the natural history and significance of resin use by honey bees pdf apidologie 41 3 295 311 doi 10 1051 apido 2010016 s2cid 15828725 queen hatshepsut s expedition to the land of punt the first oceanographic cruise dept of oceanography texas a m university archived from the original on 2014 08 14 retrieved 2010 05 08 resin n and adj oed online oxford university press september 2014 retrieved 2 december 2014 resin n online etymology dictionary retrieved 2 december 2014 kozowyk p r b langejans g h j poulis j a 2016 03 16 lap shear and impact testing of ochre and beeswax in experimental middle stone age compound adhesives plos one 11 3 e0150436 bibcode 2016ploso 1150436k doi 10 1371 journal pone 0150436 issn 1932 6203 pmc 4794155 pmid 26983080 non wood forest products from conifers chapter 6 www fao org archived from the original on 2015 06 19 retrieved 2015 06 18 yamileva kamilla multia evgen 5 august 2025 evaluation of the irritation and sensitization potential of medical grade norway spruce picea abies resin salve single blind modified draize human repeat insult patch test in healthy volunteers cutaneous and ocular toxicology doi 10 1080 15569527 2025 2539501 the art of sealing basics of alkyd resin technology chemical dynamics 2016 03 29 archived from the original on 2021 05 14 external links edit the dictionary definition of resin at wiktionary media related to resin at wikimedia commons v t e non timber forest products animal products furs honey pine wild game berries tree fruit banana bilberry binukaw blackberry blueberry breadfruit cocoa bean coconut durian gambooge huckleberry jackfruit juniper berry lingonberry raspberry tamarind woodland strawberry edible plants roots betel fiddlehead ferns heart of palm mahuwa flowers sago palm queen sassafras filé powder root beer saw palmetto wild ginseng wild onions bear garlic canada onion crow garlic twincrest onion pacific mountain onion ramps mushrooms bare toothed russula bay bolete birch bolete cep chanterelle honey mushroom lingzhi reishi matsutake morel oyster mushroom parasol mushroom red cap saffron milk cap slippery jack truffle yellow knight nuts spices allspice areca nut bay leaf black pepper brazil nut cinnamon clove hazelnut malva nut nutmeg pine nut vanilla oil waxes allanblackia babassu bacuri candlenut capuacu carnauba chaulmoogra hydnocarpus wightiana cocoa butter eucalyptol eucalyptus illipe japan wax kokum kombo kpangnan kusum mafura mahua mango butter murumuru nagkesar palm kernel phulwara pilu pongamia sal seed shorea robusta sandalwood shea butter tamanu tea seed tea tree tucuma ucuuba vateria indica resins benzoin birch tar camphor creosote frankincense gamboge kauri lacquer mastic myrrh pine tar pitch rosin turpentine varnish sap gum etc birch syrup chicle chewing gum coconut sugar date sugar fruit syrup gum arabic gutta percha kino latex maple sugar maple syrup palm sugar palm wine akpeteshie ogogoro rubber spruce gum other amadou bamboo edible musical instruments textiles birch bark birch beer cork ferns forage gambier moss natural dyes henna peat quinine rattan shellac tanbark tannin tendu leaves thatching vegetable ivory willow bark related dehesa iberian agroforestry forest farming gardening honey hunting indian forest produce mushroom hunting naval stores resin extraction rubber tapping wildcrafting category commons v t e paper paper engineering papermaking history paper ancestors bamboo and wooden slips barkcloth amate tapa birch bark palm leaf papyrus parchment vellum developers cai lun damjing matthias koops friedrich gottlob keller charles fenerty scholars timothy barrett thomas francis carter dard hunter tsien tsuen hsuin types of paper by plant fiber banana manila hemp cotton dung dó hemp lokta mulberry daluang hanji saa samarkand washi pith rice pulpwood rag india mummy xuan stone by process acidic acid free air laid blue cardboard cardstock corrugated fiberboard paperboard bristol crêpe glassine kraft laid ingres onionskin paper towel seed tissue toilet wasli wood free wove coated asphalt photographic rosin tar thermal wax by use bible blotting bond butcher construction display cartridge contact copy carbonless correction electrical insulation filteration inkjet newsprint origami parchment rolling ruled paper genkō yōshi graph security tracing transfer wallpaper writing materials kaolinite china clay fiber crop paper chemicals wood pulp specifications density grammage paper sizes surface chemistry of paper units of paper quantity wet strength manufacture and process paper machine calender conical refiner hollander beater paper recycling deinking pulp bleaching chlorine free pulping kraft organosolv soda sulfite paper industry environmental impact of paper paper industry canada europe india indonesia japan united states paper mill list uses blueprint papier mâché clothing watercolor paper paper money category commons authority control databases international gnd national united states france bnf data japan czech republic other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title resin oldid 1373252448 categories resins non timber forest products papermaking tree tapping hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from august 2015 articles containing french language text articles containing latin language text art...
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