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i channel tv service a connection speed of 20 mbit s is likely to be required but unavailable to most potential customers 35 the increasing popularity of high definition television increases connection speed requirements or limits iptv service quality and connection eligibility even further however satellites are capable of delivering in excess of 100 gbit s via multi spot beam technologies making satellite a clear emerging technology for implementing iptv networks satellite distribution can be included in an iptv network architecture in several ways the simplest to implement is an iptv direct to home dth architecture in which hybrid dvb broadband set top boxes in subscriber homes integrate satellite and ip reception to give additional bandwidth with return channel capabilities in such a system many live tv channels may be multicast via satellite and supplemented with stored video on demand transmission via the broadband connection arqiva s satellite media solutions division suggests iptv works best in a hybrid format for example you would use broadband to receive some content and satellite to receive other such as live channels 36 hybrid iptv this section s factual accuracy may be compromised due to out of date information please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information july 2011 hybrid iptv refers to the combination of traditional broadcast tv services and video delivered over either managed ip networks or the public internet it is an increasing trend in both the consumer and pay tv markets 37 38 39 the growth of hybrid iptv is driven by two major factors since the emergence of online video aggregation sites like youtube and vimeo in the mid 2000s traditional pay tv operators have come under increasing pressure to provide their subscribers with a means of viewing internet based video on their televisions at the same time specialist ip based operators have looked for ways to offer analogue and digital terrestrial services to their operations without adding either additional cost or complexity to their transmission operations bandwidth is a valuable asset for operators so many have looked for alternative ways to deliver these new services without investing in additional network infrastructures a hybrid set top allows content from a range of sources including terrestrial broadcast satellite and cable to be brought together with video delivered over the internet via an ethernet connection on the device this enables television viewers to access a greater variety of content on their tv sets without the need for a separate box for each service hybrid iptv set top boxes may also enable users to access a range of advanced interactive services such as vod catch up tv as well as internet applications including video telephony surveillance gaming shopping e government accessed via a television set from a pay tv operator s perspective a hybrid iptv set top box gives them greater long term flexibility to deploy new services and applications as and when consumers require most often without the need to upgrade equipment or for a technician to visit and reconfigure or swap out the device this reduces the cost of launching new services increases speed to market and limits disruption for consumers 40 the hybrid broadcast broadband tv hbbtv consortium of industry companies the establishment of an open european standard for hybrid set top boxes for the reception of broadcast and broadband digital tv and multimedia applications with a single user interface 41 these trends led to the development of hybrid broadcast broadband tv set top boxes that included both a broadcast tuner and an internet connection usually via an ethernet port the first commercially available hybrid iptv set top box was developed by advanced digital broadcast a developer of digital television hardware and software in 2005 the platform was developed for spanish pay tv operator telefonica 42 and used as part of its movistar tv service launched to subscribers at the end of 2005 an alternative approach is the iptv version of the headend in the sky cable tv solution here multiple tv channels are distributed via satellite to the isp or iptv provider s point of presence pop for ip encapsulated distribution to individual subscribers as required by each subscriber this can provide a huge selection of channels to subscribers without overburdening the incoming internet to the pop and enables an iptv service to be offered to small or remote operators outside the reach of terrestrial high speed wan connection an example is a network combining fibre and satellite distribution via an ses new skies satellite of 95 channels to latin america and the caribbean operated by iptv americas 43 needs update advantages the internet protocol based platform offers significant advantages including the ability to integrate television with other ip based services like high speed internet access and voip a switched ip network also allows for the delivery of significantly more content and functionality in a typical tv or satellite network using broadcast video technology all the content constantly flows downstream to each customer and the customer switches the content at the set top box the customer can select from as many choices as the telecomms cable or satellite company can stuff into the pipe flowing into the home a switched ip network works differently content remains in the network and only the content the customer selects is sent to the customer s home that frees up bandwidth and the customer s choice is less restricted by the size of the pipe into the home interactivity an ip based platform also allows significant opportunities to make the tv viewing experience more interactive and personalised the provider may for example include an interactive programme guide that allows viewers to search for content by title or actor s name or a picture in picture functionality that allows them to channel surf without leaving the programme they re watching viewers may be able to look up a player s stats while watching a sports game or control the camera angle they also may be able to access photos or music from their pc on their television use a wireless phone to schedule a recording of their favourite show or even adjust parental controls so their child can watch a documentary for a school report while they re away from home a feedback channel from the viewer to the provider is required for this interactivity terrestrial satellite and some cable networks for television do not feature a feedback channel and thus don t allow interactivity however interactivity with those networks can be possible by combining tv networks with data networks such as the internet or a mobile communication network video on demand iptv technology is used for video on demand vod 44 which permits a customer to browse an online programme or film catalogue to watch trailers and to then select a program the playout of the selected item starts nearly instantaneously on the customer s tv or pc technically when the customer selects the program a point to point unicast connection is set up between the customer s decoder set top box or pc and the delivering streaming server the signalling for the trick mode functionality pause slow motion wind rewind etc may be communicated using for instance rtsp in an attempt to avoid content piracy the vod content is usually encrypted and digital rights management may be applied a film that is chosen for example may be playable for 24 hours following payment after which time it becomes unavailable iptv based converged services another advantage is the opportunity for integration and convergence this opportunity is amplified when using ims based solutions 45 converged services implies interaction of existing services in a seamless manner to create new value added services one example is on screen caller id getting caller id on a tv and the ability to handle the call send it to voice mail etc ip based services help to provide consumers anytime and anywhere access to content over their televisions pcs and mobile device and to integrate services and content to tie them together within businesses and institutions iptv eliminates the need to run a parallel infrastructure to deliver live and stored video services limitations iptv is sensitive to packet loss and delays an iptv channel has a minimum bandwidth requirement some systems are able to adapt to lower available bandwidth by reducing picture quality although a few countries have very high speed broadband enabled populations a in other countries legacy networks struggle to provide 3 5 mbit s 46 needs update and so simultaneous use of iptv voip and internet access may not be viable the last mile delivery for iptv usually has a bandwidth restriction that only allows a small number of simultaneous tv channel streams typically from one to three to be delivered 47 latency the network delay inherent in the use of satellite internet access is often held up as a reason why satellites cannot be successfully used for iptv in practice however delay is not an important factor for iptv since it is a service that does not require real time transmission as is the case with telephony or videoconferencing services it is the delay of response to requests to change channel display an epg etc that most affects customers perceived quality of service existing video transmission systems of both analogue and digital formats already introduce known quantifiable delays existing dvb tv channels that simulcast by both terrestrial and satellite transmissions experience the same 0 25 second delay difference between the two services with no detrimental effect and it goes unnoticed by viewers privacy implications due to limitations in bandwidth an iptv channel is delivered to the user one at a time changing a channel requires requesting the head end server to provide a different broadcast stream much like vod b this could enable the service provider to accurately track each and every programme watched and the duration of watching for each viewer in conjunction with regulatory differences between iptv and cable tv this tracking could pose a threat to privacy according to critics 48 for ip multicast scenarios since a particular multicast group tv channel needs to be requested before it can be viewed the same privacy concerns apply service bundling for residential users iptv is often provided in conjunction with vod and may be bundled with internet services such as internet access and voice over internet protocol voip telecommunications services commercial bundling of iptv voip and internet access is sometimes referred to in marketing as triple play service when these three are offered with cellular service the combined service may be referred to as quadruple play regulation historically cable tv operators have been regulated differently from telecommunication operators as iptv allows tv and vod to be transmitted over the internet new regulatory issues arise 49 professor eli m noam highlights in his report tv or not tv three screens one regulation some of the key challenges with sector specific regulation that is becoming obsolete due to convergence in this field 50 see also content delivery network dvb iptv hybrid broadcast broadband tv over the top media service p2ptv sat ip software as a service streaming television notes south korea for instance has 6 million homes benefiting from a minimum connection speed of 100 mbit s for vod the stream is delivered using unicast whereas iptv typically uses multicast references jackson mark 22 august 2021 sky uk allegedly trial broadband tv service without satellite update ispreview uk retrieved 1 july 2024 1 2 ferguson andrew november 2005 iptv the new buzz word in the uk broadband industry think broadband 1 2 sharma ashok what is iptv engineers garage retrieved 1 july 2024 moro visconti roberto 17 april 2021 startup valuation from 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