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ages kho ini tati edit main article kho ini dialect it is spoken in the village of xoin and surrounding areas about 60 kilometres 37 mi southwest of zanjan city in northern iran the xoini verbal system follows the general pattern found in other tati dialects however the dialect has its own special characteristics such as continuous present which is formed by the past stem a preverb shift and the use of connective sounds the dialect is in danger of extinction nouns have two cases direct and oblique contrary to the often case in persian adjective is not post positive the suffixes may be attached to the verb the agent of the verb in an ergative construction an adverb a prepositional or postpositional phrase and in a compound verb to its nominal complement the same set of endings is used for the present and the subjunctive the endings of the preterit and the present perfect are basically the enclitic present forms of the verb to be ah here called base one for pluperfect and subjunctive perfect the freestanding auxiliary verb to be bav here called base two is utilized there is no ending for singular imperative and it is ân for plural for the inflections of to be see auxiliary inflection below the past and present stems are irregular and shaped by historical developments e g w uj w ut to say xaraš xarat to sell taj tat to run however in many verbs the past stem is built on the present stem by adding e st e g brem brem est to weep the imperative is formed by the modal prefix be if the verb contains no preverb plus the present stem and without ending in the singular and with ân in the plural be is often changed to bi bo or bu according to the situation and appears as b before a vowel of a verbal stem kiliti tati edit main article kilit dialect kilit is a tati dialect closely related to the harzandi dialect and belongs to the northern tati dialect cluster 48 which consists of other transitional dialects between tati and zaza 40 it was spoken in the villages around kilit in nakhchivan near the city of ordubad it was still used by speakers of the area as a second language in the 1950s 49 50 spoken in nakhchivan the area near the turkey border the kilit dialect was the northernmost and northwesternmost of the known tati dialects 51 classification edit the glottolog database proposes a detailed classification and classifies tati and its dialects within the adharic subgroup related to old azeri along with languages such as talysh and zaza the glottolog proposes the following phylogenetic classification 2 northwestern iranian adharic adhari old azeri zaza zaza southern zaza dumbuli hazzu kori motki sivereki northern zaza tunceli varto tatic tati talysh alamuti central tatic khalkhali kajali karanic diz gandomabi hezarrudi karan khoresh e rostam karnaq kelasi lerd nowkiani shahrudi southern talysh shali kolur shandermani southern talysh massali masulei khoini maraghei dikini north central talysh central talysh asalemi hashtpari northern talysh astara lenkoran lerik taromic kabate kalasi upper taromi northern tatic harzandi kilit harzandi kilit karingani kalasuri khoynarudi karingani kalasuri khoynarudi southern tatic alviri vidari alviri vidari vafsic ashtiani amorei kahaki nuclear ashtiani tafresh vafsi ramand karaj eshtehardi razajerdi takestani khalkhal kharaqani ramandi tarom zanjan gurani gorani gurani shabaki bajelani bajelani chabak sarli distribution edit ardabil province khalkhal county asbu derav kolur kehel askestan shal diz gandomabad karin lerd gilavan karnaq kajal fa kajali khoresh rostam namin county tarom anbaran minabad mirzanaq kolosh sarvabad pilehrud fa jeyd towlash upper anbaran east azerbaijan province heris county chay kandi marand county harzand e atiq harzand e jadid galin qayah harzandi kaleybar county kalasur khunirud damirchi varzaqan county karangan gozarkhani karingani nakhchivan autonomous republic ordubad rayon kilit kiliti alborz province karaj county asara jey azadbar abharak adaran arangeh avizar ayegan bagh e pir purkan tekyeh e sepahsalar jurab charan hasanak dar khvares khur khuzankola dardeh darvan sorkheh darreh sar ziarat sarv dar siah kalan sijan sira shelnak shahrestanak kalvan kalha kondor kushk e bala kohneh deh kiasar kiasarlat garmab gasil gashnadar laniz leylestan malek faliz murud meydanak nesa nasht e rud nowjan varangeh rud varian varzan velayat rud valeh vineh karaji fa eshtehard county eshtehard sehhatabad ahmadabad jafarabad mehdiabad fardabad mokhtarabad abdollahabad kushkabad palangabad moradabad morad tappeh qezel hesar rahmanieh oposhteh gong jaru nekujar bujafar taleqan county taleqani fa tehran province damavand county kilan absard markazi province zarandieh county alvir vidar alviri vidari ashtian county tafresh county kahak komijan county vafs chehreqan farak gurchan vafsi qazvin province qazvin county kuchenan andaj alulak masoudabad zereshk voshteh taskin dastjerd e olya zarabad sapuhin mushqin vartavan halarud zanasuj avirak durchak suteh kosh keshabad e olya keshabad e sofla esmbord fa dikin soleymanabad garmarud e sofla maraghei shahrudi takestan county takestan esfarvarin qarqasin buin zahra county danesfahan shal sagzabad ebrahimabad kharuzan khuznin khiaraj abyek county ziaran samghabad tikhor tudaran aqchari khuznan jazmeh atanak qazi kalayeh ebrahimabad kahvan daral sarvar miankuh kazlak yuj razjerd shinqar ardabilak mianbar shekarnab chanasak mazraeh gharib nowdeh kiadeh ziarani tikhori zanjan county sheykh jaber ijrud county khoein saidabad e sofla sefid kamar halab garneh khoeini tarom county siyahvarud bandargah quhijan charazeh nukian hezarrud fa gilan province rudbar county eskabon anbuh aineh deh bivarzin pa rudbar pakdeh damash karamak e bala kalisham layeh miankushk fa naveh now deh viyeh yeknam semnan province garmsar county eyvanki district north khorasan province esfarayen county adkan bidvaz bojnord county qaleh ye mohammadi gifan e pain gifan e bala mianzu rezqaneh jajarm county sankhvast do borjeh tabar korf kharashah ghamiteh jorbat ark anduqan eslamabad fa shirvan county barzali borzolabad golian tati and talysh edit tati and talysh are northwestern iranian languages which are closely related although talysh and tati are two languages that have affected each other in various levels the degree of this effect in different places are not the same in fact the very closeness of the two languages has been a major reason for impossibility of drawing clear borderlines between them it happens that tati varieties can be seen in the heart of talysh districts or talysh varieties are found in the center of tati districts this claim is supported by focusing on linguistic characteristics of tati and talysh the history of the interrelation between the two languages geographical parameters of the area as well as the phonological morphological and lexical examples 52 comparison of talysh and various tati dialects edit english persian astārāi talysh tākestāni tāti sagzābādi tāti ebrāhimābādi tāti ardabilaki tāti ziārāni tāti kurmanji kurdish down پایین pāyin jina جینه jir جیر jirā جیرا jirā جیرا jir جیر jir jirā جیرا جیر žêr jêr father پدر pedar dādā دادا dādā دادا dada دده dada دده dādā piyar پیر دادا dada piyar پیر دده bav bitter تلخ talx tel تِل tal تل tal تل tal تل tal تل tal تل tel tahel girl دختر doxtar kela کِلَه titiye تیتیه titia تی تیه titia تی تیه detari دتری detari دتری dot daughter keçek girl mad دیوانه divāne tur تور tur تور tur تور tur تور tur تور tur تور tûre dîn woman زن zan žen ژِن zeyniye زینیه zania زنیه zania زنیه zen زِن zenek زنک žen jin white سفید sefid ispi ایسپی isbi ایسبی esbi اسبی sebi سبی sivid سوید isbi ایسبی sepî chicken مرغ morq kāg کاگ karke کرکه čarga چرگه karga کرگه kerg کرگ kerg کرگ mirîşk merishk ladder نردبان nardebān serd سِرد aselte اَسلته sorda سورده sorda سورده palkān palkāna پلکانه پلکان nêrdevan pêlik face چهره čehre dim دیم dim دیم dim دیم dim دیم dim دیم dim دیم dêm comparison of various tati dialects edit source 53 english persian tākestāni tāti sagzābādi tāti ebrāhimābādi tāti ardabilaki tāti ziārāni tāti tikhuri tāti tat kurmanji kurdish sorani kurdish child بچه baĉĉe zārin bālā بالا زارين zāru زارو zāru زارو vaĉa وچه eyāl عيال vaĉa وچه ayal zārok mendal baĉa منداڵ mendāl baĉka بەچکە rooftop پشت بام poŝtebām bālābun bon بُن bun بون bön بون bom بوم bum بوم bum بوم sarbun bān بان bān hand دست dast bāl بال bāl بال bāl بال bāl بال bāl بال bāl بال dast dest lep دەست dast sharp تيز tiz tij تيج tij تيج tij تيج tij تيج tij تيج tij تيج tij tûž تیژ tiž sister خواهر xāhar xāke خاکه xawaĉe خواچه xawāke خوآکه xāxor خاخور xoār خُوآر xoār خُوآر xuvār xûşk xweng خوشک xûşk ablution wozu وضو wozu dastnamāz dasnemāz دسنماز dasta māz دست ماز dasnemāz دسنماز dasnemāz دسنماز dastnemāz دست نِماز dastnemāz دست نِماز dastimāz destnimêj دەستنوێژ destniwêj housewife کدبانو kadbānu keyvuniye kalontare zeyniye کلُونتَره زينيه کيوونيه ĉeybānu چي بنوه keywānu کيوانو keywānu کيوانو kalentar کلنتر xojirezan خوجيره زِن kebanî کابان kaban lentil عدس adas marjomake مرجومکه marjewa مرجوه marjewa مرجوه marju مرجو marju مرجو marju مرجو marjimak nîsk نیسک nîsk calm آرام ārām denj dinj دينج dinj دينج dinj دينج dinj دينج dinj دينج dinj دينج dinj aram ئارام بێدەنگ aram bêdeng shout فرياد faryād harāy هرای harāy qia قيه هرای harāy qeya قيه هرای harāy qiyu قيو هرای qālmeqāl harāy هرای قال مِقال mara هَرَه jirā faryād hewar qîr هاوار hawar english persian pahlavi avestan tākestāni tāti sagzābādi tāti ebrāhimābādi tāti ardabilaki tāti ziārāni tāti tikhuri tāti kurmanji kurdish sorani kurdish dog سگ sag sege span asbe māĉĉiye ماچيه اَسبه asba اَسبه asba اَسبه sag سگ sage māĉĉe ماچه سَيگ sag māĉĉe ماچه سَيگ kûçik seg سەگ seg bone استخوان ostexān ast xastak ast esqonj اسقُنج xaste خسته xaste خسته esdeqān اسدقان hasta هَستَه hasta هَستَه estî hestî ئێسک هێسک êsk hêsk lie دروغ doruq drog droo droj duru دورو deru درو doru دُرو duru دورو duru دورو duru دورو derew vir درۆ diro needle سوزن suzan darzik darzi dereza darzone درزُنه darzena درزنه darzena درزنه darzan درزَن darzen درزِن darzen درزِن derzî şûjin big needle دەرزی derzî face چهره ĉehre ĉihr ĉihrak dim دیم dim دیم dim دیم dim دیم dim دیم dim دیم dêm دەم و چاو ڕوو dem û çaw rû groom داماد dāmād zāmāt zāmātar zomā زُما zummā زوما zeymā زیما zāmā زاما zāmā زاما zāmā زاما zava زاوا zawa house خانه xāne mābān ke kiye کیه čia چیه kia کیه xāne خانه xāneh خانه xāneh خانه xanî خانوو خانی xanû xanî man مرد mard mart mereta mardak مردک miarda میرده miarda میرده mardi مِردی mardak مَردِک mardak مَردِک mêr پیاو مەرد piyaw merd lamb بره barre varrak ware وَره wara وره wara وره vara وره vara وره vara وره berx بەرخ berx bride عروس arus vazyok vaze weye ویه weya ویه veya ویه ayris eris عریس عَی ریس ayris eris عریس عَی ریس bûk بووک bûk nose بینی bini pini pini vinniye وینیه venia ونیه venia ونیه vini وینی vini وینی vini وینی poz nose bîhn smell لووت کەپوو بۆن lût kepû bon smell wolf گرگ gorg gourg vehraka varg ورگ varg ورگ varg ورگ verg وِرگ gurg گورگ gurg گورگ gur گورگ gurg references edit 1 2 takestani at ethnologue 26th ed 2023 kho ini at ethnologue 26th ed 2023 harzani at ethnologue 26th ed 2023 eshtehardi at ethnologue 26th ed 2023 upper taromi at ethnologue 26th ed 2023 kabatei at ethnologue 26th ed 2023 additional references under language codes in the information box 1 2 3 hammarström harald forkel robert haspelmath martin eds adharic glottolog jena germany max planck institute for the science of human history hammarström harald forkel robert haspelmath martin eds tatic glottolog jena germany max planck institute for the science of human history atlas of the world s languages in danger unesdoc unesco org p 186 retrieved 2025 12 21 a grammar of southern tati dialects ehsan yarshater median dialect studies i the hague and paris mouton and co 1969 1 2 henning walter bruno 1954 the ancient language of azerbaijan transactions of the philological society 53 1 174 175 1 2 paul ludwig 1998 the pozition of zazaki the west iranian languages pdf iran chamber open publishing retrieved october 28 2025 asatrian garnik 1995 dimlī encyclopædia iranica vi 5 405 411 retrieved 7 june 2020 1 2 stilo donald l 1981 the tati language group in the sociolinguistic context of northwestern iran and transcaucasia iranian studies 14 3 4 139 140 1 2 stilo d l 1994 phonological systems in contact in iran and transcaucasia in persian studies in north america studies in honor of mohammad ali jazayery by muhammed ali jaza iri mehdi marashi mohammad ali festschrift jazayery published by ibex publishers inc p 90 isbn 0 936347 35 x isbn 978 0 936347 35 6 korn agnes 2019 isoglosses and subdivisions of iranian journal of historical linguistics 9 2 241 244 246 doi 10 1075 jhl 17010 kor asatrian garnik 2009 prolegomena to the study of the kurds iran and the caucasus 13 32 35 asatrian garnik 1995 dimlī encyclopædia iranica vi 5 405 411 retrieved 7 june 2020 lecoq pierre 1989 les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord ouest de l iran in schmitt rüdiger ed compendium linguarum iranicarum in french wiesbaden dr ludwig reichert verlag pp 301 304 isbn 3 88226 413 6 windfuhr gernot 2009 the iranian languages new york routledge pp 32 33 isbn 978 0 7007 1 131 4 yarshater ehsan 1969 a grammar of southern tati dialects paris the hague mouton pp 17 18 cite book cs1 maint publisher location link taherkhani neda nelson scott southern tati takestani dialect journal of the international phonetic association 54 1 559 doi 10 1017 s0025100323000270 yarshater ehsan azarbaijan vii the iranian language of azarbaijan encyclopaedia iranica iii 3 238 245 paul ludwig 1998a the position of zazaki among west iranian languages in proceedings of the 3rd european conference of iranian studies 11 15 09 1995 cambridge nicholas sims williams ed 163 176 wiesbaden reichert andrew dalby dictionary of languages the definitive reference to more than 400 languages columbia university press 2004 pg 496 azari the old iranian language of azerbaijan encyclopædia iranica op cit vol iii 2 1987 by e yarshater external link adharic glottolog retrieved 1 april 2024 henning walter bruno 1954 the ancient language of azerbaijan transactions of the philological society 53 1 174 175 on the other side harzanī is related to zaza one may instance the existence of two genuine plural cases in both languages the ablative postposition ri zaza rā the negative prefix in čini ya it is not zaza činyö činya many characteristic words such as harzani öšma moon zaza āšma the nearest related word being tāliši ovšįm vašna it shines zaza väšena gen both to take and to fall in harzanī and zaza rau quick in both languages vondor to stand zaza vindär and vafsi vender a verb known this is merely a small selection of the many coincidences some of them exclusive that can be quoted they leave no doubt that harzanī takes its place between tāliši and zaza verb roots and affixes in tâti tâleshi and gilaki dialects jahandust sabzalipoor vardanian a 2016 grammatical gender in new azari dialects of šāhrūd 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