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battle of ferozeshah wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 background 2 moves prior to the battle 3 the battle toggle the battle subsection 3 1 first day 3 2 second day 4 aftermath 5 order of battle toggle order of battle subsection 5 1 british army 5 2 bengal army 6 gallery 7 sources 8 references 9 external links toggle the table of contents battle of ferozeshah 7 languages deutsch español فارسی हिन्दी italiano ਪੰਜਾਬੀ polski edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 30 53 00 n 74 47 00 e 30 8833 n 74 7833 e 30 8833 74 7833 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia 1845 battle of the first anglo sikh war battle of ferozeshah part of the first anglo sikh war battle of ferozshah 2nd day 22 december 1845 by henry martens after a sketch on the spot by major george francis white 31st foot date 21 22 december 1845 location ferozeshah punjab result british victory belligerents sikh empire east india company commanders and leaders lal singh tej singh hugh gough henry hardinge strength 35 000 50 000 1 of which 30 000 was infantry 2 98 2 130 guns 3 22 000 1 35 000 2 69 guns 2 howitzers 3 casualties and losses 2 000 killed 2 70 guns 2 694 killed 1 721 wounded all 69 guns damaged or destroyed 3 v t e first anglo sikh war mudki sohana ferozeshah baddowal aliwal sobraon the battle of ferozeshah was fought on 21 december and 22 december 1845 between the british east india company and the sikh empire at the village of ferozeshah in punjab 4 the british were led by sir hugh gough and governor general sir henry hardinge while the sikhs were led by lal singh and tej singh the british emerged victorious after treachery from the sikh commanders caused a sikh retreat 5 background edit the first anglo sikh war broke out as a result of the sikh empire of the punjab falling into disorder after the death of the maharajah ranjit singh in 1839 and the british desire to secure the punjab the sikh army the khalsa was led by some of the contenders for power in the punjab and its own ambitions for independence and glory into crossing the sutlej river into territory claimed by the british moves prior to the battle edit a british division was already stationed at ferozepur and a large army under the commander in chief of the bengal army sir hugh gough accompanied by the governor general was already marching from the various stations around delhi toward the frontier while a detachment of the sikh army under its commander in chief tej singh advanced on ferozepur the main force under vizier lal singh advanced to confront gough on 18 december lal singh s advance guard was defeated at the untidy encounter battle of mudki gough s army itself was hard hit and tired by the battle and made no move on the next day or the day after this allowed lal singh s army to concentrate at ferozeshah and fortify its encampment early on 21 december gough s army advanced and came into sight of the sikh encampment late in the morning gough wished to attack immediately hardinge thought the odds against the british were too great and wished to wait for the division from ferozepur under major general littler to join the attack eventually hardinge used his civil appointment as governor general to overrule gough the battle edit map of the battle first day edit littler s division appeared in the late afternoon and deployed on the left of the british line the right division was under major general sir walter gilbert and a smaller division under sir harry smith was in reserve gough attacked at about 3 30 pm on the shortest day of the year the battle was opened by the british guns moving forward to open a preparatory bombardment this proved ineffectual not only were the sikh guns more numerous and protected by parapets and entrenchments they were also far heavier than the british guns many of which were light guns of the bengal horse artillery gough s heavy 18 pounder guns had been left behind at mudki as the artillery duelled the british and bengal infantry advanced general littler came under heavy fire and believed only a rush with the bayonet would save his division from annihilation by the sikh guns three of his bengal regiments held back being short of water and ammunition while one of his british regiments the 62nd foot lost almost half its men and was driven back part of general gilbert s division broke into the sikh encampment but his own right flank was threatened by large numbers of sikh irregular cavalry the sikh horsemen were driven back by a british cavalry regiment the 3rd light dragoons as darkness fell sir harry smith s division launched a renewed attack which overran several sikh batteries and penetrated into the midst of the sikh camp around the village of ferozeshah itself before being driven back by counter attacks fierce fighting continued until midnight many casualties were caused on both sides as a sikh magazine exploded second day edit a group of officers during the battle of ferozeshah lithograph after an original sketch by prince waldemar of prussia and published in in memory of the travels of prince waldemar of prussia to india 1844 1846 vol ii both the british and sikhs were mixed up in disorder gough and hardinge tried to reform their troops while keeping up encouraging banter in fact hardinge expected defeat the next day he sent word to the camp at mudki that the state papers in his baggage were to be burned in this event and gave his sword a spoil of war which had once belonged to napoleon bonaparte to his aide de camp when dawn broke it became clear that the british held most of the camp and had captured seventy one guns reforming their line gough and hardinge advanced north west and by noon they had driven lal singh s army from the field in spite of heavy losses from the remaining sikh artillery even as the british were congratulating themselves they became aware that tej singh s army was approaching from the west gough s troops were already exhausted and almost out of ammunition as they formed up again and came under fire from tej singh s guns a capitulation was seriously considered to spare the wounded from massacre gough s army was saved when ironically some of his horse artillery ran out of ammunition a staff officer ordered them to withdraw to ferozepur to replenish and also ordered much of the british cavalry to escort them tej singh claimed that the movement was an outflanking manoeuvre and ordered a withdrawal to the north aftermath edit great sikh gun taken at ferozshah on the night of december 21 1845 photograph taken by john constantine stanley government house calcutta ca 1858 61 while the sikhs temporarily withdrew over the sutlej gough s army camped immediately north of the battlefield they suffered from the stench of the many dead and many men became ill through drinking from polluted wells one seventh of the army had been casualties hardinge privately criticised gough s head on tactics and sought to have him replaced but no formal change of command could take place for several weeks by which time events made it unnecessary the staff officer whose apparent blunder in sending the guns and cavalry away on the second day had actually saved gough a captain lumley who was the son of a general was judged to have been driven temporarily insane by exhaustion and heatstroke and allowed to resign his commission rather than face a court martial on the sikh side there was temporary dismay and much recrimination it was evident that both lal singh and tej singh were ineffective and potentially treasonous commanders both were sikhs that were prominent in the faction which was seeking to curtail the power of the sikh khalsa army to intervene in the durbar court and government of the punjab lal singh was alleged to have sheltered in a ditch throughout the battle and although this cannot be proved it is clear that he took little active part tej singh had used the thinnest pretext to order a retreat when most of his officers and troops were eager to fall on the exhausted british and bengali armies order of battle edit british army edit 3rd the king s own regiment of light dragoons 9th east norfolk regiment of foot 29th worcestershire regiment of foot 31st huntingdonshire regiment of foot 50th queen s own regiment of foot 62nd wiltshire regiment of foot 80th regiment of foot staffordshire volunteers bengal army edit governor general s bodyguard 4th bengal light cavalry 5th bengal light cavalry 8th bengal light cavalry skinner s horse 8th irregular cavalry 9th irregular cavalry 1st bengal european light infantry 2nd regiment of bengal native infantry 12th regiment of bengal native infantry 14th regiment of bengal native infantry 16th regiment of bengal native infantry 24th regiment of bengal native infantry 26th regiment of bengal native infantry 33rd regiment of bengal native infantry 42nd regiment of bengal native infantry 44th regiment of bengal native infantry 45th regiment of bengal native infantry 47th regiment of bengal native infantry gallery edit charge of the 3rd king s own light dragoons at the battle of ferzshuhur sic 21 december 1845 the sikh fortified camp at ferozeshah with the approaching british army commanded by sir hugh gough night bivouac of the british army at ferozeshah 21 december 1845 sources edit ian hernon britain s forgotten wars sutton publishing 2003 isbn 0 7509 3162 0 byron farwell queen victoria s little wars wordsworth military library 1999 isbn 1 84022 216 6 references edit 1 2 sandler stanley 2002 ground warfare an international encyclopedia abc clio isbn 9781576073445 1 2 3 4 5 roy kaushik 2011 war culture and society in early modern south asia 1740 1849 routledge pp 153 155 isbn 978 0 415 58767 9 1 2 3 tucker spencer c 2009 a global chronology of conflict from the ancient world to the modern middle p 1174 sidhu amarpal singh 2016 chronology the second anglo sikh war john chapple 1st ed united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland amberley publishing limited isbn 9781445650241 battle of ferozeshah the sikh wars archived 31 december 2016 at the wayback machine external links edit allaboutsikhs com britishbattles com v t e sikh empire rulers ranjit singh kharak singh nau nihal singh chand kaur sher singh jind kaur duleep singh military conflicts mughal sikh wars battle of bhangani nadaun basoli 1st anandpur 2nd anandpur chamkaur sarsa muktsar sonepat samana sirhind sadhaura chappar chiri rahon lohgarh jalalabad jammu gurdas nangal delhi afghan sikh wars battle of attock battle of multan battle of shopian battle of nowshera battle of peshawar battle of jamrud first anglo sikh war battle of mudki battle of ferozeshah battle of aliwal battle of sobraon second anglo sikh war battle of ramnagar battle of chillianwala siege of multan battle of gujrat others nepal sikh war sino sikh war katoch sikh war hill states sikh wars panchayati revolution list of battles involving the sikh empire military forces sikh khalsa army fauj i khas fauj i ain kampu i mu alla adversaries mughal empire durrani empire emirate of afghanistan british east india company kingdom of nepal qing empire hill states alliance kingdom of mankera namgyal dynasty barakzai dynasty sudhans of poonch maqpon dynasty forts jamrud fort multan fort harkishangarh lahore fort zorawar fort bahu fort gobindgarh fort phillaur fort firozpur fort officials and warriors natives dhian singh diwan dina nath diwan bhawani das diwan buta singh pratap singh misr diwan chand diwan mulraj hari singh nalwa mahan singh hazarawala mohkam chand khushal singh jamadar zorawar singh tej singh lal singh gulab singh balbhadra kunwar jawahar singh mehta basti ram sham singh attariwalla sher singh attariwalla chattar singh attariwalla desa singh majithia amar singh majithia lehna singh majithia ranjodh singh majithia surat singh majithia mangal singh ramgarhia akali phula singh chandu lal ajit singh sandhawalia kahan singh nakai sangat singh saini hukma singh veer singh mian ghaus khan ilahi bakhsh fakir azizuddin sultan mahmud khan malik fateh khan tiwana sohan lal suri ganesh das moti ram diwan ram dayal diwan kirpa ram foreigners jean françois allard jean baptiste ventura claude auguste court françois henri mouton alexander gardner paolo avitabile josiah harlan johann martin honigberger henry lawrence influential families sandhawalia family majithia family tiwana family mian family treaties treaty of amritsar 1809 tripartite treaty 1838 treaty of chushul 1842 treaty of lahore 1846 treaty of amritsar 1846 miscellaneous khalsa darbar records 30 53 00 n 74 47 00 e 30 8833 n 74 7833 e 30 8833 74 7833 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title battle_of_ferozeshah oldid 1370110248 categories battles of the anglo sikh wars battles involving the british east india company 1845 conflicts 1845 in india december 1845 battles involving the united kingdom hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata webarchive template wayback links pages using gadget wikiminiatlas coordinates on wikidata use dmy dates from june 2017 this page was last edited on 19 august 2026 at 04 33 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of 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