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blackfoot, assiniboine, arapaho, apache, 1776, 1912
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j pronunciation persists sacagawea sacagawea is the most widely used spelling of her name usually pronounced with a hard g sound s ə ˌ k ɑː ɡ ə ˈ w iː ə occasionally with a soft g or j sound ˌ s æ k ə dʒ ə ˈ w iː ə lewis and clark s original journals mention sacagawea by name seventeen times spelled eight different ways all with a g clark used sahkahgarwea sahcahgagwea sarcargahwea and sahcahgahweah while lewis used sahcahgahwea sahcahgarweah sahcargarweah and sahcahgar wea the spelling sacagawea was established in 1910 by the bureau of american ethnology as the proper usage in government documents it would be the spelling adopted by the u s mint for use with the dollar coin as well as the u s board on geographic names and the national park service the spelling is also used by numerous historical scholars 47 sakakawea sakakawea s ə ˌ k ɑː k ə ˈ w iː ə is the next most widely adopted spelling and is the most often accepted among specialists who 48 proponents say the name comes from the hidatsa tsakáka wía bird woman 49 50 charbonneau told expedition members that his wife s name meant bird woman and in may 1805 lewis used the hidatsa meaning in his journal a handsome river of about fifty yards in width discharged itself into the shell river t his stream we called sah ca gah we ah or bird woman s river after our interpreter the snake woman sakakawea is the official spelling of her name according to the three affiliated tribes which include the hidatsa this spelling is widely used throughout north dakota where she is considered a state heroine notably in the naming of lake sakakawea the extensive reservoir of garrison dam on the missouri river the north dakota state historical society quotes russell reid s 1986 book sakakawea the bird woman 51 her hidatsa name which charbonneau stated meant bird woman should be spelled tsakakawias according to the foremost hidatsa language authority dr washington matthews when this name is anglicized for easy pronunciation it becomes sakakawea sakaka meaning bird and wea meaning woman this is the spelling adopted by north dakota the spelling authorized for the use of federal agencies by the united states geographic board is sacagawea although not closely following hidatsa spelling the pronunciation is quite similar and the geographic board acknowledged the name to be a hidatsa word meaning bird woman irving w anderson president of the lewis and clark trail heritage foundation says 10 t he sakakawea spelling similarly is not found in the lewis and clark journals to the contrary this spelling traces its origin neither through a personal connection with her nor in any primary literature of the expedition it has been independently constructed from two hidatsa indian words found in the dictionary ethnography and philology of the hidatsa indians 1877 published by the government printing office 52 compiled by a united states army surgeon dr washington matthews 65 years following sacagawea s death the words appear verbatim in the dictionary as tsa ka ka noun a bird and mia wia bia noun a woman in popular culture some fictional accounts speculate that sacagawea was romantically involved with lewis or clark during their expedition which but while the journals show that she was friendly with clark and would often do favors for him the idea of a romantic liaison was created by novelists who wrote much later about the expedition this fiction was perpetuated in the western film the far horizons 1955 film and television several movies both documentaries and fiction have been made about or featuring sacagawea 53 the far horizons 1955 played by donna reed lewis clark great journey west 2002 played by alex rice jefferson s west 2003 played by cedar henry the simpsons season 15 episode 11 margical history tour 2004 played by lisa simpson journey of sacagawea 2004 bill and meriwether s excellent adventure 2006 played by crystal lysne night at the museum 2006 played by mizuo peck the spirit of sacajawea 2007 night at the museum 2 battle of the smithsonian 2009 played by mizuo peck night at the museum secret of the tomb 2014 played by mizuo peck literature two early twentieth century novels shaped much of the public perception of sacagawea the conquest the true story of lewis and clark 1902 was written by american suffragist eva emery dye and published in anticipation of the expedition s centennial 54 the national american woman suffrage association embraced her as a female hero and numerous stories and essays about her were published in ladies journals a few decades later grace raymond hebard published sacajawea guide and interpreter of lewis and clark 1933 to even greater success 17 sacagawea has since become a popular figure in historical and young adult novels in her novel sacajawea 1984 anna lee waldo explored the story of sacajawea s returning to wyoming 50 years after her departure the author was well aware of the historical research supporting an 1812 death but she chose to explore the oral tradition citation needed the lost journals of sacajewea by debra magpie earling she was never a guide by the editors of way out west 55 music and theatre in philip glass s piano concerto no 2 after lewis clark the second movement is entitled sacagawea sacagawea is mentioned in the schoolhouse rock song elbow room as the guide for lewis and clark 56 sacagewea is referenced in stevie wonder s song black man from the album songs in the key of life 1976 tingstad rumbel s 1988 album legends includes a piece entitled sacajawea 57 sacagawea is the name of a musical by craig bohmler and mary bracken phillips it was commissioned by the willows theatre company in northern california and premiered at the annual john muir festival in the summer of 2008 at the alhambra performing arts center in martinez 58 59 60 61 in 2010 italian pianist and composer alessandra celletti released sketches of sacagawea a limited edition tribute box set with an album and accompanying book on al kemi lab 62 other media the dinner party an artwork installation by feminist artist judy chicago features a place setting for sacagawea in wing three part of american revolution to the women s revolution 63 the first episode of the history podcast the broadsides includes discussion of sacagawea and her accomplishments during the lewis and clark expedition 64 memorials and honors the sacajawea interpretive cultural and educational center located in salmon idaho by the rivers and mountains of sacajawea s homeland it contains a small museum and gift shop in a 71 acre 290 000 m 2 park it is owned and operated by the city of salmon in partnership with the bureau of land management idaho governor s lewis clark trail committee salmon challis national forest idaho department of fish game and numerous non profit and volunteer organizations 65 sacagawea was an important member of the lewis and clark expedition the national american woman suffrage association of the early 20th century adopted her as a symbol of women s worth and independence erecting several statues and plaques in her memory and doing much to spread the story of her accomplishments 6 page needed in 1959 sacagawea was inducted into the hall of great westerners of the national cowboy western heritage museum 2 in 1976 she was inducted into the national cowgirl museum and hall of fame in fort worth texas 3 in 2001 she was given the title of honorary sergeant regular army by president bill clinton 66 in 2003 she was inducted into the national women s hall of fame 4 the uss sacagawea is one of several united states ships named in her honor every august the town of cloverport kentucky holds a festival named in her honor 67 in 1994 usps released 29 cent stamp honoring sacagawea 68 coinage in 2000 the united states mint issued the sacagawea dollar coin in her honor depicting sacagawea and her son jean baptiste charbonneau because no contemporary image of sacagawea exists the face on the coin was modeled on a modern shoshone bannock woman randy l he dow teton the portrait design is unusual as the copyrights have been assigned to and are owned by the u s mint the portrait is not in the public domain as most u s coin designs are 69 geography and parks lake sakakawea in north dakota sacajawea memorial area at lemhi pass a national historic landmark managed by the national forest service and located on the boundary of montana and idaho where visitors can hike the lewis and clark national historic trail the daughters of the american revolution dar created the memorial area in 1932 to honor sacajawea for her role in the success of the lewis and clark expedition 70 mount sacagawea fremont county wyoming and the associated sacagawea glacier sacagawea heritage trail a bike trail in tri cities washington sacajawea patera a caldera on the planet venus sacajawea peak wallowa county oregon sacagawea park gallatin county montana custer county idaho sacagawea river in montana sacajawea state park in pasco washington sacajawea and jean baptiste 1905 washington park portland oregon alice cooper sculptor sculpture further information list of statues of sacagawea astoria oregon sacagawea and baby by jim demetro a life size bronze statue of sacagawea and jean baptiste located at the clatsop national memorial netul landing in lewis and clark national historical park outside the visitor center 70 bismarck north dakota by leonard crunelle 1910 depicted with baby pomp located on the grounds of the north dakota state capitol in 2003 the state gave a replica to the national statuary hall collection in the u s capitol visitor center 71 boise idaho installed in front of the idaho history museum in july 2003 cascade locks oregon sacagawea and seaman by heather söderberg 2010 sacagawea is pointing the way with one hand and her son is holding onto the finger of her other hand she is posed next to seaman the dog 72 charlottesville virginia monument was removed by the city on july 10 2021 titled their first view of the pacific by charles keck 1919 it was a statue of meriwether lewis william clark and sacagawea the charlottesville city council voted in november 2019 to remove the statue from its location a decision cheered by the local native american tribe the monacan indian nation and descendants of sacagawea s family in idaho they said the statue presented a weak and servile image of sacagawea who was rather an essential guide and interpreter for lewis and clark 73 cheney washington by harold balazs 1960 a statue of sacagawea is displayed in the rose garden in front of the president s house at eastern washington university cody wyoming by harry jackson 1980 painted bronze 114 inches the statue is located in the greever cashman garden at the buffalo bill historical center cody wyoming by richard v greeves 2005 bronze 72 inches the sculpture is in the robbie powwow garden at the buffalo bill historical center dayton washington arduous journey by carol grende 2009 statue of sacajawea near the entrance to the historic pathway 74 fort benton montana by robert scriver a sculpture of sacagawea and her baby and captains lewis and clark in the riverside sculpture park fort worth texas by glenna goodacre 2001 sacajawea statue outside the national cowgirl hall of fame godfrey illinois by glenna goodacre at lewis and clark community college by the same artist who designed the image on the sacagawea dollar great falls montana explorers at the portage by robert scriver contains a bronze 3 4 scale statue of sacagawea her baby jean baptiste lewis clark african american york and the newfoundland dog seaman at the lewis and clark national historic trail interpretive center an earlier version of this piece in overlook park in great falls omits sacajawea the re creation inside the museum contains sacajawea and baptiste great falls montana arduous journey by carol grende is a 9 5 foot bronze statue of sacajawea the statue was dedicated to the missouri river federal courthouse in 2010 74 kansas city missouri corps of discovery monument by eugene l daub 2000 includes life size figures of sacagawea and jean baptiste york and seaman on the bluff at clark s point overlook case park quality hill 70 75 lander wyoming in local cemetery 14 miles west on u s 287 and then 2 miles west after a turn turnoff about three miles south of fort washakie there is a tall statue of sacagawea 6 ft with tombstones downhill of her husband and two children there also is a monument on site lewiston idaho multiple statues including one along the main approach to the city longview washington a statue of sacagawea and jean baptiste was placed in lake sacajawea park near the hemlock st footbridge in 2005 mobridge south dakota the sacagawea monument an obelisk erected at the supposed site of her death which honors sacagawea as a member of the shoshone tribe and for her contribution to the corps of discovery expedition the associated marker dates her death as december 20 1812 and states that her body must be buried somewhere near the site of old fort manuel located 30 miles north of the marker 70 portland oregon by alice cooper 1905 sacajawea and jean baptiste was unveiled july 6 1905 and moved to washington park april 6 1906 76 portland oregon by glenna goodacre located at lewis clark college permanently installed on september 5 2004 77 richland washington by tom mcclelland 2008 78 salmon idaho sacajawea by agnes vincen talbot august 2005 a statue of sacagawea and her son are poised in front of the sacajawea interpretive cultural education center this statue is located in a park close to sacagawea s original homeland 79 st louis missouri by harry weber 2002 a statue of sacagawea with her baby in a cradle board is included in the diorama of the lewis clark expedition that is on display in the lobby of the st louis drury plaza hotel located in the historical international fur exchange building 80 three forks montana in sacajawea park coming home by mary michael statue honoring sacagawea built in the area where she was abducted as a young girl and taken to mandan lands 70 wind river indian reservation wyoming according to oral tradition sacagawea left her husband toussaint charbonneau and fled to wyoming in the 1860s her alleged burial site is located in the reservation s cemetery with a gravestone inscription dating her death as april 9 1884 however oral tradition also indicates a woman named porivo recorded as bazil s mother occupies that grave 70 see also indigenous peoples of the americas portal sacagawea s nickname timeline of the lewis and clark expedition notes journal entries by clark lewis et al are brief segments of our nation s living history legacy of documented exploration across our fledgling republic s pristine western frontier it is a story written in inspired spelling and with an urgent sense of purpose by ordinary people who accomplished extraordinary deeds 10 william clark created the nickname janey for sacagawea which he transcribed twice november 24 1805 in his journ...
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