Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
edit, 64, implementations, mode, operating, x86, amd64, intel, and, system, navigation, history, address, space, details, bsd, tools, contents, via, implementation, microarchitecture, levels, differences, between, adoption, compatibility, characteristics, video, game, consoles, industry, naming, conventions, licensing, see, also, notes, references, external, links, menu, architectural, features, virtual, physical, modes, recent, older, dos, linux, macos, solaris, windows, personal, namespaces, views, search, contribute, print, export, languages, canonical, form, addresses, page, table, structure, limits, long, legacy, dragonfly, freebsd, netbsd, openbsd, protected, real,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (553), bit (269), and (268), from (146), mode (142), intel (123), x86 (120), original (105), retrieved (95), archived (95), for (92), amd64 (85), architecture (79), with (70), #address (70), windows (69), amd (68), this (55), that (53), system (51), space (51), may (50), kernel (50), virtual (48), processors (46), not (45), edit (44), operating (44), are (42), pdf (40), also (39), was (38), used (37), bits (35), instruction (35), microsoft (33), use (32), long (32), which (32), run (32), 2010 (31), can (31), code (31), processor (31), september (30), all (30), support (30), applications (30), page (29), 2021 (28), linux (28), june (27), 2013 (27), physical (26), via (26), registers (26), november (25), 2009 (24), july (23), january (23), versions (23), only (23), march (22), instructions (22), 2012 (22), october (21), memory (21), systems (21), compatibility (21), x64 (21), first (21), august (20), set (20), implementations (20), version (19), extensions (19), has (19), their (18), implementation (18), december (17), new (17), level (17), april (16), server (16), 2008 (16), 2011 (16), while (16), both (16), real (16), under (15), protected (15), addressing (15), than (15), supports (15), 2004 (15), pentium (15), such (15), legacy (15), user (15), 2020 (14), core (14), software (14), when (14), running (14), 2014 (14), features (14), name (14), size (14), available (13), 2017 (13), 2016 (13), dos (13), february (13), general (13), addresses (13), xeon (13), but (13), some (13), using (12), articles (12), full (12), x86_64 (12), one (12), have (12), mac (12), programs (12), register (12), most (12), allows (12), table (12), time (11), 2018 (11), developer (11), application (11), release (11), purpose (11), will (11), however (11), since (11), modes (11), these (11), released (11), bytes (11), file (10), current (10), more (10), 2003 (10), technology (10), limits (10), larger (10), based (10), apple (10), performance (10), manual (10), cpu (10), corporation (10), pae (10), data (10), any (10), 128 (10), wikipedia (9), 2005 (9), series (9), 2006 (9), 2019 (9), port (9), either (9), architectures (9), opteron (9), microarchitecture (9), levels (9), does (9), its (9), other (9), two (9), they (9), execute (9), 8086 (9), ram (9), 256 (9), number (9), 2022 (8), recent (8), example (8), limit (8), edition (8), macos (8), athlon (8), cmpxchg16b (8), volume (8), stack (8), interface (8), power (8), sse2 (8), details (8), limited (8), were (8), bsd (8), into (8), licensing (8), openbsd (8), introduced (8), still (8), like (8), segment (8), feature (8), implemented (8), executables (8), default (8), later (8), machines (8), canonical (8), additional (7), org (7), com (7), early (7), differences (7), same (7), 2007 (7), hardware (7), programming (7), large (7), abi (7), native (7), include (7), supercomputer (7), cpus (7), extended (7), family (7), therefore (7), there (7), solaris (7), see (7), those (7), must (7), implement (7), netbsd (7), firmware (7), would (7), x87 (7), point (7), libraries (7), supported (7), been (7), allow (7), vector (7), operations (7), operand (7), sets (7), form (7), about (6), non (6), tools (6), history (6), different (6), releases (6), including (6), between (6), access (6), option (6), editions (6), debian (6), work (6), fpu (6), future (6), computing (6), top500 (6), machine (6), specification (6), free (6), low (6), isaiah (6), project (6), operation (6), increased (6), architectural (6), emulation (6), prior (6), named (6), several (6), distributions (6), many (6), similar (6), even (6), pointers (6), extension (6), pointer (6), integer (6), inc (5), links (5), statements (5), contain (5), technologies (5), program (5), em64t (5), 2015 (5), xbox (5), playstation (5), need (5), professional (5), x32 (5), reference (5), paging (5), lahf (5), stepping (5), update (5), revision (5), list (5), binary (5), required (5), them (5), although (5), order (5), existing (5), refers (5), freebsd (5), itanium (5), compiled (5), state (5), cannot (5), wide (5), 512 (5), aware (5), characteristics (5), out (5), just (5), allowing (5), format (5), without (5), being (5), requires (5), older (5), floating (5), prefix (5), four (5), models (5), take (5), 120 (5), precision (5), developers (4), information (4), link (4), article (4), talk (4), containing (4), computers (4), platforms (4), porting (4), report (4), video (4), extending (4), 2001 (4), cross (4), source (4), term (4), chips (4), launch (4), game (4), guide (4), documentation (4), availability (4), compiler (4), lock (4), section (4), product (4), sahf (4), virtualization (4), red (4), hat (4), nano (4), line (4), prescott (4), supermicro (4), bios (4), 2000 (4), benefit (4), wow64 (4), gentoo (4), arch (4), model (4), post (4), should (4), various (4), patents (4), command (4), refer (4), development (4), components (4), compatible (4), entry (4), indicate (4), created (4), well (4), instead (4), made (4), started (4), ability (4), types (4), because (4), higher (4), starting (4), backward (4), possible (4), lacks (4), added (4), had (4), fully (4), provide (4), risc (4), needed (4), note (4), atom (4), previous (4), sse (4), through (4), times (4), design (4), after (4), implementing (4), did (4), supporting (4), operands (4), bootloader (4), uefi (4), entire (4), half (4), arithmetic (4), cores (4), mobile (3), you (3), pages (3), changes (3), what (3), here (3), navigation (3), read (3), unsourced (3), research (3), failed (3), verification (3), description (3), wayback (3), avx (3), how (3), enter (3), way (3), protection (3), archive (3), isa (3), anandtech (3), agreement (3), tree (3), www (3), blog (3), tech (3), comparison (3), docs (3), jet (3), driver (3), handle (3), visual (3), ars (3), technica (3), notes (3), sites (3), andi (3), kleen (3), phi (3), coprocessor (3), change (3), notification (3), launched (3), mailing (3), install (3), needs (3), ibm (3), migration (3), programmer (3), vmware (3), practice (3), press (3), idf (3), web (3), yamhill (3), motherboards (3), market (3), 1999 (3), unlike (3), oracle (3), date (3), generally (3), modern (3), names (3), industry (3), internally (3), sun (3), techniques (3), dragonfly (3), fedora (3), directory (3), completely (3), written (3), thread (3), case (3), mmx (3), defined (3), control (3), thus (3), segments (3), though (3), segmented (3), per (3), removal (3), drivers (3), linked (3), boot (3), following (3), increase (3), uses (3), lacked (3), process (3), referred (3), store (3), base (3), manner (3), calls (3), sparc (3), single (3), kernels (3), individual (3), faster (3), currently (3), itself (3), expected (3), works (3), initial (3), platform (3), included (3), done (3), official (3), years (3), subset (3), incompatible (3), algorithms (3), cmpxchg8b (3), privilege (3), fxsave (3), differently (3), top (3), specific (3), zero (3), destination (3), citation (3), each (3), designed (3), fast (3), began (3), submode (3), could (3), integers (3), primary (3), 80286 (3), known (3), rather (3), 131 (3), 00000000 (3), addition (3), significant (3), ffffffff (3), capabilities (3), xmm (3), followed (3), modified (3), statistics (2), view (2), contact (2), privacy (2), policy (2), terms (2), apply (2), license (2), simple (2), english (2), download (2), wikidata (2), cite (2), special (2), upload (2), related (2), random (2), contents (2), main (2), search (2), log (2), categories (2), vague (2), ambiguous (2), clarification (2), potentially (2), dated (2), short (2), cs1 (2), maint (2), unfit (2), url (2), advanced (2), micro (2), computer (2), https (2), aes (2), bmi1 (2), fma (2), f16c (2), 3dnow (2), high (2), obsolete (2), xilinx (2), agesa (2), paper (2), almost (2), practical (2), transition (2), gnu (2), tweaks (2), second (2), documents (2), external (2), smith (2), gets (2), billion (2), settlement (2), patent (2), processorarchitecture (2), fields (2), live (2), expect (2), making (2), largeaddressaware (2), linker (2), studio (2), center (2), sp1 (2), news (2), speed (2), solution (2), john (2), leopard (2), review (2), google (2), packages (2), faq (2), userland (2), dragonflybsd (2), summer (2), src (2), sys (2), atomic (2), powers (2), world (2), limitations (2), introduction (2), 3rd (2), gen (2), scalable (2), tom (2), linear (2), michael (2), 0f47h (2), dual (2), extreme (2), forced (2), flag (2), requirements (2), why (2), wait (2), segmentation (2), weimer (2), florian (2), enterprise (2), dev (2), craig (2), barrett (2), published (2), assigned (2), 10h (2), runs (2), websphere (2), above (2), layer (2), installers (2), allowed (2), darwin (2), wiki (2), references (2), ship (2), conversion (2), material (2), defines (2), receive (2), materials (2), upon (2), initially (2), before (2), others (2), now (2), microsystems (2), 32e (2), developed (2), entered (2), files (2), value (2), opposed (2), installation (2), rom (2), contrast (2), ubuntu (2), products (2), vendor (2), naming (2), conventions (2), respectively (2), incorporate (2), zen (2), jaguar (2), consoles (2), compile (2), anycpu (2), behave (2), save (2), restore (2), behavior (2), descriptor (2), structures (2), block (2), due (2), device (2), within (2), vista (2), offered (2), reduce (2), recompiled (2), 3gb (2), lack (2), 4096 (2), fold (2), over (2), primarily (2), benefits (2), heaps (2), paged (2), pool (2), total (2), subject (2), provided (2), offer (2), actually (2), much (2), sold (2), image (2), contains (2), dvd (2), selected (2), universal (2), includes (2), add (2), gui (2), frameworks (2), powerpc (2), approximately (2), provides (2), permits (2), retaining (2), another (2), suse (2), unless (2), extender (2), capability (2), executable (2), granularity (2), standard (2), then (2), during (2), arm (2), along (2), enabled (2), replace (2), alpha (2), adoption (2), difference (2), netburst (2), switch (2), useful (2), alternative (2), prevents (2), having (2), executed (2), sysret (2), rev (2), enable (2), raise (2), exception (2), fld (2), override (2), sign (2), offset (2), sub (2), sysexit (2), sysenter (2), syscall (2), msrs (2), considered (2), microcode (2), implements (2), upper (2), undefined (2), unmodified (2), few (2), mainly (2), compilers (2), least (2), found (2), movbe (2), lzcnt (2), circa (2), sse3 (2), popcnt (2), cmov (2), baseline (2), three (2), exposed (2), generation (2), par (2), ranging (2), predecessors (2), five (2), codenamed (2), unveiled (2), merom (2), nocona (2), celeron (2), oregon (2), river (2), originally (2), announced (2), position (2), traditional (2), style (2), operate (2), penalty (2), where (2), advantage (2), creating (2), 0x66 (2), interacting (2), type (2), usable (2), given (2), hierarchy (2), sizes (2), entries (2), mapping (2), map (2), structure (2), addressed (2), lower (2), regions (2), effect (2), grows (2), become (2), unused (2), etc (2), tagged (2), cost (2), translation (2), remain (2), saving (2), restoring (2), far (2), attempt (2), write (2), make (2), buffer (2), double (2), makes (2), streaming (2), simd (2), relative (2), often (2), compared (2), gprs (2), internal (2), rax (2), logical (2), improvements (2), phenom (2), turion (2), amounts (2), expands (2), numbers (2), york (2), city (2), bus (2), jump (2), sep (2), cookie, statement, disclaimers, text, site, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, wikimedia, foundation, creative, commons, attribution, sharealike, last, edited, utc, tiếng, việt, українська, türkçe, ไทย, svenska, српски, srpski, slovenščina, slovenčina, русский, română, polski, norsk, bokmål, 日本語, nederlands, bahasa, melayu, മലയാളം, magyar, עברית, italiano, हिन्दी, 한국어, français, فارسی, español, ελληνικά, eesti, deutsch, dansk, čeština, العربية, languages, printable, print, export, item, permanent, community, portal, learn, help, contribute, donate, events, views, namespaces, create, account, contributions, logged, personal, menu, hidden, needing, mdy, dates, webarchive, template, devices, introductions, index, php, title, oldid, 1111485688, asf, sse5, tbm, abm, bmi, fma3, fma4, cvt16, xop, virtex, wraith, astc, turbo, powertune, powerplay, powernow, bandwidth, cool, quiet, horus, dragon, spider, gpuopen, rocm, vivado, ise, amdgpu, radeon, seven, steps, migrating, turboirc, tutorials, examples, raw, network, andreas, jaeger, excellent, explaining, aspects, gcc, summit, ia32e, analyst, reverse, engineered, enhanced, virus, technical, architect, speaker, guides, manuals, ryan, settle, fabless, stephen, shankland, jonathan, skillings, cnet, pay, antitrust, 6732258, 6889312, 6877084, displaying, usage, cutress, ian, hot, 00pm, indian, express, sony, informer, spec, test, anand, lal, shimpi, analysis, office, kb957570, ole, provider, odbc, sql, guidelines, behind, chris, amand, move, everything, know, start, matt, pietrek, tells, gigabytes, options, administration, pack, raises, thomases, ken, win32, codeweavers, don, catalina, yet, siracusa, llc, snow, v10, macs, xcode, linuxplumbersconf, thorsten, leemhuis, online, around, drawbacks, multilib, i686, chroot, arch64, describing, back, simulators, status, tool, chain, boots, simulator, tutorial, entering, release24, accepted, students, googlesoc2008, cvs, commit, genassym, asm, bootinfo, coredump, cpufunc, elf, endian, exec, float, frame, globaldata, ieeefp, md_var, param, pcb, pcb_ext, pmap, proc, profile, psl, fastest, reveals, phitm, sublist, generator, huaisheng, lenovo, logan, 3960x, increases, vol, larabel, phoronix, preparing, 104101, debuted, 0f48h, 105271, tony, ghz, ne80551kg0724mm, bx80551kg2800ha, 800, sequence, 840, 105224, petkov, borislav, patch, clear, incorrectly, x86_feature_lahf_lm, your, prefetchw, darwou, old, thing, 4gb, anyway, maged, cas, 412, 419, pagetable, retiring, broke, 400, 397, discussion, overflow, wasson, scott, theory, gitlab, psabi, repo, building, llvm, launches, stokes, jon, revealed, digitimes, subscription, 1q08, lapedus, mark, aspencore, media, edn, demo, roundup, internetnews, inquirer, confirms, neowin, continuing, american, megatrends, ami, archives, amibios, efi, mitec, international, tyan, matrix, 8000, xeonsolutions, 6100, larry, seiler, 64kb, 4kb, issued, corp, 9858198, ept, msdn, shanley, 1998, addison, wesley, 201, 30973, isbn, 445, pro, myth, facts, bkdg, part, mauerer, wiley, sons, enables, driven, discloses, microporcessor, forum, figures, show, emulate, mentioned, demystified, raymond, chen, come, certain, class, kevin, van, vechten, standardized, mach, xnu, bug, commands, reported, 0f49h, sample, document, says, samples, whereas, projected, customer, customers, prepared, converted, workaround, effectively, acme, silently, substituting, installshield, finally, settling, notably, oss, transient, execution, vulnerability, generic, encapsulated, solely, holds, licensed, settled, lawsuits, disagreements, agreements, 115, 114, 113, 112, 111, 110, 109, haiku, breaking, seen, terminal, opensuse, collection, 108, jdk, java, kit, identifies, isalist, moniker, designate, processor_architecture, i386, 107, environment, variable, midnightbsd, especially, confused, substantially, neutral, designation, sometimes, variant, companies, contraction, marketing, next, generations, 106, 105, variants, games, involved, 104, 103, target, counterparts, managed, ported, 102, 101, 100, objects, database, engine, reports, claimed, scheduler, across, context, switches, observed, shows, saved, restored, except, threads, limitation, exists, states, deprecated, cause, problems, nt_tib, region, kpcr, member, maintaining, convention, easier, retain, function, really, win16, subsystem, ntvdm, relied, int, derived, llp64, 192, dynamic, furthermore, optional, dll, exe, spaces, cache, accessible, backing, client, build, 3790, 1830, share, binaries, updates, unified, labeled, manually, determine, isainfo, illumos, package, library, appropriate, automatically, load, longer, presented, problem, commercial, able, termed, bring, nominally, thunks, wine32on64, crossover, winehq, continues, x11, opengl, quartz, cocoa, posix, math, processes, decreases, footprint, cases, preceding, users, installing, off, alongside, concurrent, slackware, mandriva, userlands, complex, adequate, backend, mass, storage, 4gw, return, call, interrupts, cloned, left, smp, symmetric, multiprocessing, complete, achieved, loaned, year, taken, easy, hackathon, committed, integrated, syscalls, heap, experimental, distribution, designated, tier, cleaned, quirks, integrate, preliminary, infrastructure, stalled, again, continued, soc, called, appeared, played, big, role, coprocessors, tianhe, knights, corner, gpgpu, fugaku, a64fx, fujitsu, tracked, appearance, previously, tried, unsuccessfully, supercomputers, area, chart, showing, representation, families, microprocessors, ranking, 1993, visible, isas, plans, expansion, sandy, bridge, ice, lake, potomac, 0f41h, revisions, distinguished, sockets, present, octa, words, values, parallel, common, workarounds, approaches, absence, critical, compare, swap, 80486, am2, ddr2, ddr, returning, fault, handler, ever, reintroduced, lmsle, ease, guests, reduced, involving, fxrstor, invalid, performing, signalling, nan, fstp, near, branches, 66h, ignores, truncated, field, clears, top_mem2, top_mem, syscfg, unchanged, act, leaves, silicon, behaviour, separate, claim, maybe, preserving, hasn, verified, ruled, skylake, microarchitectures, bsr, bsf, nearly, identical, semantics, seldom, situations, produce, avoid, ordinary, interest, deal, concerned, computation, excluded, rdrand, avx512vl, vpmullq, avx512dq, vplzcntd, avx512cd, vdbpsadbw, avx512bw, kmovw, avx512f, xgetbv, osxsave, vfmadd132pd, vcvtph2ps, bzhi, bmi2, andn, vpermd, avx2, vzeroall, haswell, excavator, gracemont, phaddd, ssse3, pcmpestri, sse4_2, blendpd, sse4_1, addsubpd, nehalem, eden, silvermont, qemu, cvtpi2pd, cvtss2si, sce, osfxsr, emms, fxsr, cx8, collaboration, define, targeted, programmers, optimizations, follows, boost, efficiency, appliances, twice, equivalent, consumption, built, unavailable, encryption, thermal, clock, esther, division, brand, centaur, intel64, 5x1, 506, 516, 3x1, 3x6, 355, 347, 352, 360, 365, 230, 330, d410, d425, d510, d525, n450, n455, n470, n475, n550, n570, n2600, n2800, 7200, celerons, none, earlier, notebook, duo, multi, socket, subsequently, selling, oem, adds, disable, mainstream, desktop, irwindale, changed, presumably, codename, weeks, referring, late, paralleling, clackamas, willamette, valley, denying, existence, indeed, underway, chairman, admitted, worst, kept, secrets, historically, produced, patterned, designs, roles, reversed, adopting, own, initialized, backwards, today, bootloaders, configure, transitioning, communicate, 8088, acts, maximum, 118, basic, executing, underlying, mean, slower, dedicated, guaranteed, optimization, regularly, wider, cryptographic, rewrite, handling, huge, recompile, intended, combination, combined, emulated, desired, diagram, below, 80386, normally, interpreted, changing, interfacing, unreal, latter, italics, place, amount, applicable, scheme, further, expanding, walks, allocation, superset, whole, 195, pml4, restricted, until, eases, scalability, true, themselves, leave, stacks, ensures, every, compliant, halves, starts, upwards, docked, downwards, enforcing, checking, flags, markers, problematic, copies, akin, requirement, met, complying, rule, 00007fff, ffff8000, 536, 130, planning, stages, foreseeable, simply, complexity, decided, lookup, diagrams, scale, underused, exist, retained, vestigial, extra, mechanism, modifications, proved, rarely, pusha, popa, decimal, bound, jumps, immediate, task, bypass, setting, specify, result, violation, difficult, malicious, unchecked, attacks, attribute, descriptors, overrun, adopted, supplement, scalar, offers, 8bit, 64bit, proliferation, ubiquitous, home, improvement, standards, presence, rip, loaded, efficient, shared, independent, extends, extend, means, very, operated, working, definition, raised, 117, get, direct, exchange, similarly, fewer, 168, 160, renaming, vliw, mips, increasing, eight, keep, local, variables, let, hold, frequently, accessed, constants, arguments, small, subroutines, passed, greater, extent, r15, r14, r13, r12, r11, r10, rdi, rsi, rbp, rsp, rbx, rdx, rcx, edi, esi, ebp, esp, ebx, edx, ecx, eax, expanded, directly, byte, strides, pushes, pops, notable, defining, characteristic, designers, took, opportunity, xlt, palermo, manila, epyc, ryzen, fusion, apu, sempron, variously, literature, radically, never, invited, contributing, party, kind, seemed, unlikely, positioned, beginning, evolutionary, approach, entirely, hewlett, packard, logo, distinct, formerly, company, follow, suit, coexisting, intervening, little, newer, achieve, vastly
Text of the page (random words):
physical random access memory ram 99 llp64 data model int and long types are 32 bits wide long long is 64 bits while pointers and types derived from pointers are 64 bits wide kernel mode device drivers must be 64 bit versions there is no way to run 32 bit kernel mode executables within the 64 bit operating system user mode device drivers can be either 32 bit or 64 bit 16 bit windows win16 and dos applications will not run on x86 64 versions of windows due to the removal of the virtual dos machine subsystem ntvdm which relied upon the ability to use virtual 8086 mode virtual 8086 mode cannot be entered while running in long mode full implementation of the nx no execute page protection feature this is also implemented on recent 32 bit versions of windows when they are started in pae mode instead of fs segment descriptor on x86 versions of the windows nt family gs segment descriptor is used to point to two operating system defined structures thread information block nt_tib in user mode and processor control region kpcr in kernel mode thus for example in user mode gs 0 is the address of the first member of the thread information block maintaining this convention made the x86 64 port easier but required amd to retain the function of the fs and gs segments in long mode even though segmented addressing per se is not really used by any modern operating system 95 early reports claimed that the operating system scheduler would not save and restore the x87 fpu machine state across thread context switches observed behavior shows that this is not the case the x87 state is saved and restored except for kernel mode only threads a limitation that exists in the 32 bit version as well the most recent documentation available from microsoft states that the x87 mmx 3dnow instructions may be used in long mode but that they are deprecated and may cause compatibility problems in the future 98 some components like jet database engine and data access objects will not be ported to 64 bit architectures such as x86 64 and ia 64 100 101 102 microsoft visual studio can compile native applications to target either the x86 64 architecture which can run only on 64 bit microsoft windows or the ia 32 architecture which can run as a 32 bit application on 32 bit microsoft windows or 64 bit microsoft windows in wow64 emulation mode managed applications can be compiled either in ia 32 x86 64 or anycpu modes software created in the first two modes behave like their ia 32 or x86 64 native code counterparts respectively when using the anycpu mode however applications in 32 bit versions of microsoft windows run as 32 bit applications while they run as a 64 bit application in 64 bit editions of microsoft windows video game consoles edit both playstation 4 and xbox one and their variants incorporate amd x86 64 processors based on the jaguar microarchitecture 103 104 firmware and games are written in x86 64 code no legacy x86 code is involved their next generations the playstation 5 and the xbox series x and series s respectively also incorporate amd x86 64 processors based on the zen 2 microarchitecture 105 106 industry naming conventions edit since amd64 and intel 64 are substantially similar many software and hardware products use one vendor neutral term to indicate their compatibility with both implementations amd s original designation for this processor architecture x86 64 is still sometimes used for this purpose 2 as is the variant x86_64 3 4 other companies such as microsoft 6 and sun microsystems oracle corporation 5 use the contraction x64 in marketing material the term ia 64 refers to the itanium processor and should not be confused with x86 64 as it is a completely different instruction set many operating systems and products especially those that introduced x86 64 support prior to intel s entry into the market use the term amd64 or amd64 to refer to both amd64 and intel 64 amd64 most bsd systems such as freebsd midnightbsd netbsd and openbsd refer to both amd64 and intel 64 under the architecture name amd64 some linux distributions such as debian ubuntu gentoo linux refer to both amd64 and intel 64 under the architecture name amd64 microsoft windows s x64 versions use the amd64 moniker internally to designate various components which use or are compatible with this architecture for example the environment variable processor_architecture is assigned the value amd64 as opposed to x86 in 32 bit versions and the system directory on a windows x64 edition installation cd rom is named amd64 in contrast to i386 in 32 bit versions 107 sun s solaris s isalist command identifies both amd64 and intel 64 based systems as amd64 java development kit jdk the name amd64 is used in directory names containing x86 64 files x86_64 the linux kernel 108 and the gnu compiler collection refers to 64 bit architecture as x86_64 some linux distributions such as fedora opensuse arch linux gentoo linux refer to this 64 bit architecture as x86_64 apple macos refers to 64 bit architecture as x86 64 or x86_64 as seen in the terminal command arch 3 and in their developer documentation 2 4 breaking with most other bsd systems dragonfly bsd refers to 64 bit architecture as x86_64 haiku refers to 64 bit architecture as x86_64 licensing edit x86 64 amd64 was solely developed by amd amd holds patents on techniques used in amd64 109 110 111 those patents must be licensed from amd in order to implement amd64 intel entered into a cross licensing agreement with amd licensing to amd their patents on existing x86 techniques and licensing from amd their patents on techniques used in x86 64 112 in 2009 amd and intel settled several lawsuits and cross licensing disagreements extending their cross licensing agreements 113 114 115 see also edit amd generic encapsulated software architecture agesa ia 32 x86 transient execution cpu vulnerability notes edit various names are used for the instruction set prior to the launch x86 64 and x86_64 were used while upon the release amd named it amd64 1 intel initially used the names ia 32e and em64t before finally settling on intel 64 for its implementation some in the industry including apple 2 3 4 use x86 64 and x86_64 while others notably sun microsystems 5 now oracle corporation and microsoft 6 use x64 the bsd family of oss and several linux distributions 7 8 use amd64 as does microsoft windows internally 9 10 in practice 64 bit operating systems generally do not support 16 bit applications although modern versions of microsoft windows contain a limited workaround that effectively supports 16 bit installshield and microsoft acme installers by silently substituting them with 32 bit code 12 the register reported that the stepping g1 0f49h of pentium 4 will sample on october 17 and ship in volume on november 14 59 however intel s document says that samples are available on september 9 whereas october 17 is the date of first availability of post conversion material which intel defines as the projected date that a customer may expect to receive the post conversion materials customers should be prepared to receive the post converted materials on this date 60 references edit debian amd64 faq debian wiki archived from the original on september 26 2019 retrieved may 3 2012 a b c x86 64 code model apple archived from the original on june 2 2012 retrieved november 23 2012 a b c arch 1 darwin and macos general commands manual a b c kevin van vechten august 9 2006 re intel xnu bug report darwin dev mailing list apple computer archived from the original on february 1 2020 retrieved october 5 2006 the kernel and developer tools have standardized on x86_64 for the name of the mach o architecture a b solaris 10 on amd opteron oracle archived from the original on july 25 2017 retrieved december 9 2010 a b microsoft 64 bit computing microsoft archived from the original on december 12 2010 retrieved december 9 2010 amd64 port debian archived from the original on september 26 2019 retrieved november 23 2012 gentoo amd64 project gentoo project archived from the original on june 3 2013 retrieved may 27 2013 wow64 implementation details archived from the original on april 13 2018 retrieved january 24 2016 processorarchitecture class archived from the original on june 3 2017 retrieved january 24 2016 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u amd corporation december 2016 volume 2 system programming pdf amd64 architecture programmer s manual amd corporation archived pdf from the original on july 13 2018 retrieved march 25 2017 raymond chen october 31 2013 if there is no 16 bit emulation layer in 64 bit windows how come certain 16 bit installers are allowed to run archived from the original on july 14 2021 retrieved july 14 2021 ibm corporation september 6 2007 ibm websphere application server 64 bit performance demystified pdf p 14 archived pdf from the original on january 25 2022 retrieved april 9 2010 figures 5 6 and 7 also show the 32 bit version of was runs applications at full native hardware performance on the power and x86 64 platforms unlike some 64 bit processor architectures the power and x86 64 hardware does not emulate 32 bit mode therefore applications that do not benefit from 64 bit features can run with full performance on the 32 bit version of websphere running on the above mentioned 64 bit platforms amd discloses new technologies at microporcessor forum press release amd october 5 1999 archived from the original on march 8 2012 retrieved november 9 2010 amd releases x86 64 architectural specification enables market driven migration to 64 bit computing press release amd august 10 2000 archived from the original on march 8 2012 retrieved november 9 2010 mauerer w 2010 professional linux kernel architecture john wiley sons intel 64 and ia 32 architectures software developer s manual volume 3a system programming guide part 1 pdf pp 4 7 archived pdf from the original on may 16 2011 retrieved july 10 2019 a b bios and kernel developer s guide bkdg for amd family 10h processors pdf p 24 archived pdf from the original on april 18 2016 retrieved february 27 2016 physical address space increased to 48 bits myth and facts about 64 bit linux pdf march 2 2008 p 7 archived from the original pdf on october 10 2010 retrieved may 30 2010 physical address space increased to 48 bits shanley tom 1998 pentium pro and pentium ii system architecture pc system architecture series second ed addison wesley p 445 isbn 0 201 30973 4 microsoft corporation what is pae nx and sse2 and why does my pc need to support them to run windows 8 archived from the original on april 11 2013 retrieved march 19 2013 a b c d memory limits for windows releases msdn microsoft november 16 2013 archived from the original on january 6 2014 retrieved january 20 2014 5 level paging and 5 level ept pdf intel may 2017 archived pdf from the original on december 5 2018 retrieved june 17 2017 us patent 9858198 larry seiler 64kb page system that supports 4kb page operation published 2016 12 29 issued 2018 01 02 assigned to intel corp opteron 6100 series motherboards supermicro corporation archived from the original on june 3 2010 retrieved june 22 2010 supermicro xeonsolutions supermicro corporation archived from the original on may 27 2010 retrieved june 20 2010 opteron 8000 series motherboards supermicro corporation archived from the original on may 27 2010 retrieved june 20 2010 tyan product matrix mitec international corporation archived from the original on june 6 2010 retrieved june 21 2010 a b from the ami archives amibios 8 and the transition to efi american megatrends september 8 2017 archived from the original on october 25 2021 retrieved october 25 2021 intel is continuing the yamhill project neowin retrieved june 5 2022 craig barrett confirms 64 bit address extensions for xeon and prescott the inquirer february 17 2004 archived from the original on january 12 2013 cite web cs1 maint unfit url link a roundup of 64 bit computing from internetnews com archived from the original on september 25 2012 retrieved september 18 2006 lapedus mark intel to demo ct 64 bit processor line at idf edn aspencore media archived from the original on may 25 2021 retrieved may 25 2021 intel 64 architecture intel archived from the original on june 29 2011 retrieved june 29 2007 via to launch new processor architecture in 1q08 subscription required digitimes archived from the original on december 3 2008 retrieved july 25 2007 stokes jon january 23 2008 isaiah revealed via s new low power architecture ars technica archived from the original on january 27 2008 retrieved january 24 2008 via launches via nano processor family press release via may 29 2008 archived from the original on february 3 2019 retrieved may 25 2017 via isaiah architecture introduction pdf via january 23 2008 archived from the original pdf on september 7 2008 retrieved july 31 2013 weimer florian july 10 2020 new x86 64 micro architecture levels llvm dev mailing list archived from the original on april 14 2021 retrieved march 11 2021 weimer florian january 5 2021 building red hat enterprise linux 9 for the x86 64 v2 microarchitecture level red hat developer blog retrieved march 22 2022 system v application binary interface low level system information x86 64 psabi repo january 29 2021 archived from the original on february 2 2021 retrieved march 11 2021 via gitlab wasson scott march 23 2005 64 bit computing in theory and practice the tech report the tech report archived from the original on march 12 2011 retrieved march 22 2011 discussion on stack overflow march 2021 retrieved march 2 2021 intel 64 and ia 32 architectures software developer s manual volume 2 2a 2b 2c instruction set reference a z pdf intel september 2013 pp 4 397 archived pdf from the original on october 20 2013 retrieved january 21 2014 intel 64 and ia 32 architectures software developer s manual volume 2 2a 2b 2c instruction set reference a z pdf intel september 2013 pp 4 400 archived pdf from the original on october 20 2013 retrieved january 21 2014 how retiring segmentation in amd64 long mode broke vmware pagetable com november 9 2006 archived from the original on july 18 2011 retrieved may 2 2010 vmware and cpu virtualization technology pdf vmware archived pdf from the original on july 17 2011 retrieved september 8 2010 amd64 architecture programmer s manual volume 3 general purpose and system instructions pdf amd may 2018 p 419 archived pdf from the original on august 20 2018 retrieved august 2 2018 intel 64 and ia 32 architectures software developer s manual volume 2 2a 2b 2c instruction set reference a z pdf intel september 2014 pp 4 412 archived pdf from the original on january 13 2015 retrieved december 28 2014 live migration with amd v extended migration technology pdf developer amd com maged m michael practical lock free and wait free ll sc vl implementations using 64 bit cas pdf ibm archived pdf from the original on may 2 2013 retrieved january 21 2014 darwou august 20 2004 why is...
|
