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in many developed and developing countries around the world with 1 6 million deaths directly due to this disease in 2015 alone 13 unlike sugar from food the sugar from drinks enters the body so quickly that it can overload the pancreas and the liver leading to diabetes and heart disease over time 14 a 2010 study said that consuming one to two sugary drinks a day increases your risk of developing diabetes by 26 15 heart disease is responsible for 31 of all global deaths 16 and although one sugary drink has minimal effects on the heart consuming sugary drinks daily are associated with long term consequences a study found that men for every added serving per day of sugar sweetened beverages each serving was associated with a 19 increased risk of developing heart disease 17 another study also found increased risks for heart disease in women who drank sugary drinks daily 18 obesity is also a global public and health policy concern with the percentage of overweight and obese people in many developed and middle income countries rising rapidly 19 consumption of added sugar in sugar sweetened beverages has been positively correlated with high calorie intake and through it with excess weight and obesity 20 the addition of one sugar sweetened beverage per day to the normal us diet can amount to 15 pounds of weight gain over the course of 1 year 21 added sugar is a common feature of many processed and convenience foods such as breakfast cereals 22 chocolate ice cream cookies yogurts and drinks produced by retailers 23 the ubiquity of sugar sweetened beverages and their appeal to younger consumers has made their consumption a subject of particular concern by public health professionals in both the united states and the united kingdom sugar sweetened drinks are the top calorie source in teenager s diets 24 25 a french study published in 2019 on the british medical journal also enlighted a possible link between the consumption of sugary drinks beverages containing more than a 5 of sugar and a higher or increased risk of developing cancer 26 even if the researchers were unable to prove a clear causality between the two factors they stated that their results can be taken as a confirm that reducing the amount of sugar in our diet is extremely important 27 dental caries also known as tooth decay or dental cavities is the most common noncommunicable disease worldwide 28 sugary drink taxes have been discussed as a potential means to reduce the health and economic burden of dental caries 29 30 31 32 comparison to tobacco taxes edit proponents of soda taxes cite the success of tobacco taxes worldwide when explaining why they think a soda tax will work to lower soda consumption 33 where the main concern with tobacco is cancer the main concerns with soda are diabetes and obesity the tactics used to oppose soda taxes by soda companies mimic those of tobacco companies including funding research that downplays the health risks of its products 34 impact edit revenue edit the u s department of health and human services reports that a national targeted tax on sugar in soda could generate 14 9 billion in the first year alone citation needed the congressional budget office cbo estimates that a nationwide three cents per 12 ounce soft drink 0 08 l tax would generate over 24 billion over four years 35 36 some tax measures call for using the revenue collected to pay for relevant health needs improving diet increasing physical activity obesity prevention nutrition education advancing healthcare reform etc 37 another area to which the revenue raised by a soda tax might go as suggested by mike rayner of the united kingdom is to subsidize healthier foods like fruits and vegetables 38 consumption edit according to a 2019 review of research on sugar drink taxes the taxes successfully reduced consumption of sugar drinks and reduced adverse health consequences due to the increased price of the drinks which causes the demand for them to drop 39 another review of data up to 2019 found the health benefits as being of very low certainty in a one single study applied to hungarian settings 8 a 10 tax in mexico enacted in january 2014 reduced consumption by 12 after one year said one study that had not yet been peer reviewed 40 a study of the 1 5 cent per us fluid ounce 51 l tax in philadelphia found actual sales of the affected beverages which included diet beverages dropped 46 in the city itself but when accounting for people traveling to neighboring cities without a tax overall purchases of the affected beverages dropped 22 41 an analysis of sugar sweetened beverage ssb taxes in several u s states concluded scaling them could yield substantial public health benefits 42 the way that the tax burden is divided upon the consumer and seller depends on the price elasticity for sugary drinks the tax burden will fall more on sellers when the price elasticity of demand is greater than the price elasticity of supply while on buyers when the price elasticity of supply is greater than the price elasticity of demand the price elasticity for sugary drinks is different from country to country for instance the price elasticity of demand for the sugary drink was found to be 1 37 in chile while 1 16 in mexico 43 44 a 2019 national bureau of economic research paper concluded that sugar drink taxes were welfare enhancing and indeed that the optimal nationwide ssb tax rate may be higher than the one cent per ounce 0 34 l rate most commonly used in u s cities 45 a 2019 study in the quarterly journal of economics estimated that the optimal sugar drink tax on the federal level in the u s would be between 1 and 2 1 cents per fluid ounce 0 34 0 71 l whereas the optimal tax on the city level was 60 lower than that due to cross border shopping 46 a 2022 systematic review and meta analysis of studies from around the world found that sugary drink taxes resulted in higher prices of the targeted beverages and a 15 decrease in the sales of such products 47 externalities as a rationale for taxation edit the purchase of sugary drinks has significant negative externalities when over consumption causes diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes depending on the national health care system a significant portion of these costs are paid by taxpayers or insurance rate payers lost productivity costs are paid to some degree by employers 48 49 society as a whole could be worse off if these costs are calculated to be greater than the benefit to the consumers of soda 50 a pigovian tax like a sugary drinks tax factors these externalities into the price of the beverage 43 to some degree this causes people who over consume soda to pay for health care costs they are causing which proponents argue is more fair 50 in theory this tax could be set at such a level that reduces consumption until the collective private benefit balances the collective costs of poorer health though this could be accomplished at a lower tax level by using the tax revenue to create childhood nutrition programs or obesity prevention programs 49 this would lessen the tax burden on people who consume soda moderately enough not to cause health problems 49 legislation by country edit map of countries august 2022 citation needed red nation wide sugary drink tax orange regional sugary drink tax yellow sugary drink tax repealed gray no sugary drink tax australia edit the australian beverages council has opposed taxes while the australian medical association and australian greens 51 continued to press for a sugar tax 52 needs update bahrain edit tax since 2017 53 barbados edit barbados passed a soda tax in september 2015 54 applied as an excise of 10 brunei edit us 0 29 liter tax since april 2017 55 canada edit in 2020 the province of british columbia stopped exempting soda beverages from a 7 provincial sales tax for grocery items still fruit juices and non sweetened carbonated beverages continue to be tax exempt the measure was introduced based on health recommendations to address youth obesity 56 57 in may 2021 the province of newfoundland and labrador announced a 20 cent per litre tax for sugar sweetened beverages 58 this tax was implemented on september 1 2022 59 chile edit in 2014 a measure was passed to increase tax on sugary drinks and reduce tax on low sugar drinks the tax rate was increased from 13 to 18 a study with data from 2011 2015 found a highly significant decrease in the monthly purchased volume of the higher taxed sugary soft drinks by 21 6 the direction of the reduction was robust to different empirical modelling approaches but the statistical significance and the magnitude of the changes varied considerably furthermore the authors found a barely significant decrease in the volume of all soft drinks that is the higher and lower taxed soft drinks 60 denmark edit denmark instituted a soft drink tax in the 1930s it amounted to 1 64 danish krone per liter but announced in 2013 that they were going to abolish it along with a fat tax with the stated goal of creating jobs and helping the local economy 61 62 dominica edit dominica has a sugar tax since 2015 citation needed fiji edit fiji has an import tax and an excise tax on soda 63 finland edit finland had sugar tax between 1926 and 1999 based on customs categories soft drink tax was introduced in 1940 64 sugar tax was reintroduced on candy and expanded onto ice cream in 2011 but in 2017 the tax was dropped after european commission found it to be unfair state aid 65 france edit france first introduced a targeted tax on nonalcoholic sugary drinks at a national level in 2012 66 67 the tax which is 0 0716 euro per liter applies to both regular and diet soft drinks flavored mineral water and fruit juices with added sugar but does not apply to mineral water and 100 fruit juices i e those with no added sugars 67 following introduction soft drinks were estimated to be up to 3 5 more expensive 68 69 a 2019 article published in the journal plos one estimated the price and consumption effects of the tax using a difference in difference methodology 67 the study concluded we find that the tax is transmitted to the prices of taxed drinks with full transmission for soft drinks and partial transmission for fruit juices the evidence on purchase responses is mixed and less robust indicating at most a very small reduction in soft drink purchases about half a litre per capita per year an impact which would be consistent with the low tax rate we find suggestive evidence of a larger response by the sub sample of heavy purchasers fruit juices and water do not seem to have been affected by the tax 67 french polynesia edit french polynesia implemented taxes on soft drinks in 2002 63 hungary edit hungary s tax which came into effect in september 2011 is a 4 tax 70 on foods and drinks that contain large quantities of sugar and salt such as soft drinks confectionery salty snacks condiments and fruit jams 71 in 2016 the tax has resulted in a 22 reduction in energy drink consumption and 19 of people reduced their intake of sugary soft drinks 71 india edit 40 tax on sugary soda from 1 july 2017 72 ireland edit sugar tax introduced on 1 may 2018 the tax sees 30 cent per litre added to the price of popular sweetened drinks containing more than 8g of sugar per 100ml 73 israel edit in 2022 israel also imposed a sugary drink tax due to it adding to their obesity rates 74 the tax has been cancelled as of 2023 75 italy edit in 2018 several medical representatives forwarded an official letter to the minister of health giulia grillo containing a proposal to raise a 20 tax on sugary drinks seen as a way to generate benefits for consumers general health 76 a debate emerged on the introduction of such a tax seen on the one hand as a possible mean to promote a healthier diet and on the other as a danger to the sugar industry 77 in september 2019 the prime minister giuseppe conte mentioned in a public speech the idea of introducing a tax on carbonated drinks not specifying if it refers only to sugary drinks referring to it as practicable 78 by the end of 2019 the proposal of a tax on the consumption of sweetened soft drinks equal to 10 euros per hectolitre in the case of finished products and 0 25 euros per kilogram in the case of products to be diluted has been officially approved its official start has been then postponed to 1 january 2022 79 the association of soft drinks and beverages producers has renewed its opposition to the proposal estimating that it would have as an effect a contraction of the market equal to 16 80 malaysia edit malaysia has a sugary drink tax implemented 1 july 2019 81 mauritius edit mauritius passed a soda tax in 2013 82 mexico edit in september 2013 mexico s president enrique peña nieto on his fiscal bill package proposed a 10 tax on all soft drinks especially carbonated drinks 83 84 with the intention of reducing the number of patients with diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases in mexico which has one of the world s highest rates of obesity 85 according to mexican government data in 2011 the treatment for each patient with diabetes cost the mexican public health care system the largest of latin america around us 708 per year with a total cost of 778 427 475 usd in 2010 and with each patient paying only 30 mxn around us 2 31 86 in september 2013 soda companies launched a media campaign to discourage the mexican chamber of deputies and senate from approving the 10 soda tax they argued that such measure would not help reduce the obesity in mexico and would leave hundreds of mexicans working in the sugar cane industry jobless 87 they also publicly accused new york city mayor michael bloomberg 88 of orchestrating the controversial bill from overseas in late october 2013 the mexican senate approved a 1 mxn per litre tax around us 0 08 on sodas along with a 5 tax on junk food 89 research has shown that mexico s sugary drinks tax reduced soft drink consumption 90 91 according to a 2016 study published in bmj annual sales of sodas in mexico declined 6 in 2014 after the introduction of the soda tax 90 monthly sales figures for december 2014 were down 12 on the previous two years 90 households with the fewest resources had an average reduction in purchases of 9 in 2014 increasing to 17 by december 90 furthermore purchases of water and non taxed beverages increased by about 4 on average 90 whether the imposition of the tax and the resulting 6 decline in sales of soft drinks will have any measurable impact on long term obesity or diabetes trends in mexico has yet to be determined 90 the authors of the study urged the mexican authorities to double the tax to further reduce consumption 90 a 2016 study published in plos medicine suggested that a 10 excise tax on soda could prevent 189 300 new cases of type 2 diabetes 20 400 strokes and heart attacks and 18 900 deaths among adults 35 to 94 years old over a ten year period 91 the study also included that the reductions in diabetes 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