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nternal debate between khrushchev and other party officials in the kremlin 139 kennedy realised that he would be in an insupportable position if this becomes khrushchev s proposal because the missiles in turkey were not militarily useful and were being removed anyway and it s gonna to any man at the united nations or any other rational man it will look like a very fair trade bundy explained why khrushchev s public acquiescence could not be considered the current threat to peace is not in turkey it is in cuba 140 mcnamara noted that another tanker the grozny was about 600 miles 970 km out and should be intercepted he also noted that they had not made the soviets aware of the blockade line and suggested relaying that information to them via u thant at the united nations 141 a lockheed u 2f the high altitude reconnaissance type shot down over cuba being refueled by a boeing kc 135 q the aircraft in 1962 was painted overall gray and carried usaf military markings and national insignia while the meeting progressed at 11 03 am edt a new message began to arrive from khrushchev the message stated in part you are disturbed over cuba you say that this disturbs you because it is ninety nine miles by sea from the coast of the united states of america but you have placed destructive missile weapons which you call offensive in italy and turkey literally next to us i therefore make this proposal we are willing to remove from cuba the means which you regard as offensive your representatives will make a declaration to the effect that the united states will remove its analogous means from turkey and after that persons entrusted by the united nations security council could inspect on the spot the fulfillment of the pledges made the executive committee continued to meet through the day throughout the crisis turkey had repeatedly stated that it would be upset if the jupiter missiles were removed italy s prime minister amintore fanfani who was also foreign minister ad interim offered to allow withdrawal of the missiles deployed in apulia as a bargaining chip he gave the message to one of his most trusted friends ettore bernabei general manager of rai tv to convey to arthur m schlesinger jr bernabei was in new york to attend an international conference on satellite tv broadcasting the engine of the lockheed u 2 shot down over cuba on display at museum of the revolution in havana on saturday october 27 usaf major rudolf anderson took off on his sixth mission over cuba in a u 2f dragon lady af serial number 56 6676 former cia article 343 the third cia u 2a modified for air to air refuelling from a forward operating location at mccoy air force base in orlando florida 142 143 a few hours into his mission at approximately 12 00 pm edt he was shot down over banes cuba by one of two soviet supplied s 75 dvina nato designation sa 2 guideline surface to air missiles that were fired at his aircraft per the order of two soviet generals soviet forces deputy commander major general leonid garbuz deputy commander of air defenses lieutenant general stepan grechko both of whom were stationed in a command center in havana 143 before giving this order they attempted to obtain authorization from their superior officer army general issa pliyev commander of all soviet forces in cuba during operation anadyr but after finding that pliyev was unreachable possibly due to illness they decided to authorize the shoot down themselves 143 the aircraft crashed and anderson was killed later that day at about 3 41 pm edt several us navy rf 8a crusader aircraft on low level photo reconnaissance missions were fired upon at 4 00 pm edt kennedy recalled members of excomm to the white house and ordered that a message should immediately be sent to u thant asking the soviets to suspend work on the missiles while negotiations were carried out during the meeting general maxwell taylor delivered the news that the u 2 had been shot down kennedy had earlier claimed he would order an attack on such sites if fired upon but he decided to not act unless another attack was made on 28 october 1962 khrushchev told his son sergei that the shooting down of anderson s u 2 was by the cuban military at the direction of raúl castro 144 145 146 147 on 27 october bobby kennedy relayed a message to the soviet ambassador that president kennedy was under pressure from the military to use force against cuba and that an irreversible chain of events could occur against his will as the president is not sure that the military will not overthrow him and seize power he therefore implored khrushchev to accept kennedy s proposed agreement 148 forty years later mcnamara said we had to send a u 2 over to gain reconnaissance information on whether the soviet missiles were becoming operational we believed that if the u 2 was shot down that the cubans didn t have capabilities to shoot it down the soviets did we believed if it was shot down it would be shot down by a soviet surface to air missile unit and that it would represent a decision by the soviets to escalate the conflict and therefore before we sent the u 2 out we agreed that if it was shot down we wouldn t meet we d simply attack it was shot down on friday fortunately we changed our mind we thought well it might have been an accident we won t attack later we learned that khrushchev had reasoned just as we did we send over the u 2 if it was shot down he reasoned we would believe it was an intentional escalation and therefore he issued orders to pliyev the soviet commander in cuba to instruct all of his batteries not to shoot down the u 2 note 1 149 daniel ellsberg said that robert kennedy rfk told him in 1964 that after the u 2 was shot down and the pilot killed he rfk told soviet ambassador dobrynin you have drawn first blood t he president had decided against advice not to respond militarily to that attack but he dobrynin should know that if another plane was shot at we would take out all the sams and anti aircraft and that would almost surely be followed by an invasion 150 drafting response this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed october 2017 learn how and when to remove this message emissaries sent by both kennedy and khrushchev agreed to meet at the yenching palace chinese restaurant in the cleveland park neighbourhood of washington dc on saturday evening 27 october 151 kennedy suggested taking khrushchev s offer to trade away the missiles unknown to most members of the excomm but with the support of his brother the president robert kennedy had been meeting the soviet ambassador dobrynin in washington to discover whether the intentions were genuine 152 the excomm was against the proposal because it would undermine nato s authority and the turkish government had repeatedly stated that it was against any such trade as the meeting progressed a new plan emerged and kennedy was slowly persuaded the new plan called for him to ignore the latest message and instead to return to khrushchev s earlier one kennedy was initially hesitant feeling that khrushchev would no longer accept the deal because a new one had been offered but llewellyn thompson argued that it was still possible 97 135 56 white house special counsel and adviser ted sorensen and robert kennedy left the meeting and returned 45 minutes later with a draft letter to that effect the president made several changes had it typed and sent it after the excomm meeting a smaller meeting continued in the oval office the group argued that the letter should be underscored with an oral message to dobrynin that stated that if the missiles were not withdrawn military action would be used to remove them rusk added one proviso that no part of the language of the deal would mention turkey but there would be an understanding that the missiles would be removed voluntarily in the immediate aftermath the president agreed and the message was sent excomm meeting in the white house cabinet room with president kennedy robert mcnamara and dean rusk in attendance 29 october 1962 at rusk s request fomin and scali met again scali asked why the two letters from khrushchev were so different and fomin claimed it was because of poor communications scali replied that the claim was not credible and shouted that he thought it was a stinking double cross he went on to claim that an invasion was only hours away and fomin stated that a response to the us message was expected from khrushchev shortly and urged scali to tell the state department that no treachery was intended scali said that he did not think anyone would believe him but he agreed to deliver the message the two went their separate ways and scali immediately typed out a memo for the excomm 153 within the us establishment it was understood that ignoring the second offer and returning to the first put khrushchev in a terrible position military preparations continued and all active duty air force personnel were recalled to their bases for possible action robert kennedy later recalled the mood we had not abandoned all hope but what hope there was now rested with khrushchev s revising his course within the next few hours it was a hope not an expectation the expectation was military confrontation by tuesday 30 october and possibly tomorrow 29 october 153 at 8 05 pm edt the letter drafted earlier in the day was delivered the message read as i read your letter the key elements of your proposals which seem generally acceptable as i understand them are as follows 1 you would agree to remove these weapons systems from cuba under appropriate united nations observation and supervision and undertake with suitable safe guards to halt the further introduction of such weapon systems into cuba 2 we on our part would agree upon the establishment of adequate arrangements through the united nations to ensure the carrying out and continuation of these commitments a to remove promptly the quarantine measures now in effect and b to give assurances against the invasion of cuba the letter was also released directly to the press to ensure it could not be delayed 154 with the letter delivered a deal was on the table as robert kennedy noted there was little expectation it would be accepted at 9 00 pm edt the excomm met again to review the actions for the following day plans were drawn up for air strikes on the missile sites as well as other economic targets notably petroleum storage mcnamara stated that they had to have two things ready a government for cuba because we re going to need one and secondly plans for how to respond to the soviet union in europe because sure as hell they re going to do something there 155 at 12 12 am edt on 27 october the us informed its nato allies that the situation is growing shorter the united states may find it necessary within a very short time in its interest and that of its fellow nations in the western hemisphere to take whatever military action may be necessary to add to the concern at 6 00 am the cia reported that all missiles in cuba were ready for action a us navy hss 1 seabat helicopter hovers over soviet submarine b 59 driven to the surface by us naval forces in the caribbean near cuba 28 or 29 october 1962 on 27 october khrushchev also received a letter from castro what is now known as the armageddon letter dated the day before which urged the use of nuclear force in the event of an attack on cuba 156 i believe the imperialists aggressiveness is extremely dangerous and if they actually carry out the brutal act of invading cuba in violation of international law and morality that would be the moment to eliminate such danger forever through an act of clear legitimate defense however harsh and terrible the solution would be castro wrote 157 averted nuclear launch further information list of nuclear close calls 27 october 1962 later that same day what the white house later called black saturday the us navy dropped a series of signalling depth charges practice depth charges the size of hand grenades 158 on a soviet submarine b 59 at the blockade line unaware that it was armed with a nuclear tipped torpedo that could be launched if the submarine was damaged by depth charges or surface fire 159 the submarine was too deep to monitor radio traffic 160 161 and the captain of the b 59 valentin grigoryevich savitsky assuming after live ammunition fire at his submarine that a war had started proposed to launch the nuclear torpedo at the us ships 162 the decision to launch the special weapon normally only required the agreement of the ship s commanding officer and political officer but the commander of the submarine flotilla vasily arkhipov was aboard b 59 and he also had to agree arkhipov did not give his consent and the nuclear torpedo was not launched these events only became publicly known in 2002 see submarine close call on the same day a u 2 spy plane made an accidental and unauthorised 90 minute overflight of the soviet union s far eastern coast 163 the soviets responded by scrambling mig fighters from wrangel island in turn the americans launched f 102 fighters armed with nuclear air to air missiles over the bering sea 164 resolution on saturday 27 october after much deliberation between the soviet union and kennedy s cabinet kennedy secretly agreed to remove all missiles in turkey on the border of the soviet union and possibly those in southern italy in exchange for khrushchev removing all missiles in cuba 165 166 167 168 169 there is some dispute as to whether removing the missiles from italy was part of the secret agreement khrushchev wrote in his memoirs that it was and when the crisis had ended mcnamara gave the order to dismantle the missiles in both italy and turkey 170 at this point khrushchev knew things the us did not first that the shooting down of the u 2 by a soviet missile violated direct orders from moscow and cuban anti aircraft fire against other us reconnaissance aircraft also violated direct orders from khrushchev to castro 171 second the soviets already had 162 nuclear warheads on cuba that the us did not know were there 172 third the soviets and cubans on the island would almost certainly have responded to an invasion by using them even though castro believed that everyone in cuba would die as a result 173 khrushchev also knew but may not have considered that he had submarines nearby armed with nuclear weapons of which the us navy may not have been aware khrushchev knew he was losing control president kennedy had been told in early 1961 that a nuclear war would probably kill a third of humanity with most or all of those deaths concentrated in the us the ussr europe and china 174 and khrushchev may have received a similar estimate with this background when khrushchev heard of kennedy s threats as relayed by robert kennedy to soviet ambassador dobrynin he immediately drafted his acceptance of kennedy s latest 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