Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
and, law, of, trade, references, rights, consumer, policy, security, the, european, union, contents, history, constitutional, administrative, free, movement, social, market, regulations, public, regulation, see, also, notes, sources, external, links, treaties, executive, institutions, legislature, judiciary, conflict, laws, direct, effect, remedies, judicial, review, human, principles, goods, workers, citizens, establishment, services, capital, protection, labour, companies, investment, competition, commerce, intellectual, property, education, health, banking, monetary, fiscal, electricity, energy, agriculture, forestry, water, transport, buildings, communications, data, media, markets, products, foreign, justice,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (2279), and (1292), for (444), law (443), that (407), #european (385), directive (306), not (281), court (271), was (243), member (240), art (217), rights (205), commission (193), justice (190), states (182), are (177), article (176), this (175), union (173), with (166), from (164), case (161), have (158), see (143), state (139), arts (136), regulation (132), tfeu (125), has (121), which (118), but (115), its (111), there (107), held (101), right (94), treaty (88), under (84), all (81), also (81), other (80), social (80), general (76), their (76), company (76), public (75), council (75), free (73), energy (72), had (72), could (72), policy (69), services (69), can (69), ecr (69), were (66), economic (65), market (65), legal (64), health (64), 2000 (64), articles (63), they (63), human (62), parliament (62), more (60), any (60), would (57), standards (57), requires (56), where (55), international (54), government (54), must (54), national (53), trade (53), such (52), act (51), rules (51), 2007 (50), people (50), because (50), teu (50), movement (50), main (50), should (49), may (48), 2013 (48), only (48), treaties (47), protection (47), europe (46), 2001 (46), principles (45), 2004 (45), 2011 (45), 2009 (44), service (44), edit (44), labour (43), however (43), 2015 (42), common (42), than (42), information (41), 2003 (41), effect (41), german (40), capital (40), workers (40), 2022 (39), citizens (39), central (39), consumer (39), direct (39), while (39), freedom (38), without (38), first (37), directives (36), laws (36), community (36), competition (36), 2010 (36), 2006 (36), who (36), between (36), after (36), charter (35), 2012 (35), system (35), minimum (35), echr (35), 2019 (35), germany (35), most (35), education (34), security (34), transport (34), bank (34), against (34), although (34), over (34), constitutional (33), financial (33), data (33), 2002 (33), principle (33), van (33), time (33), work (33), consumers (33), use (32), sources (32), 2014 (32), yet (32), require (32), been (32), united (31), new (31), 2008 (31), 2005 (31), employment (31), through (31), regulations (30), institutions (30), media (30), judicial (30), into (30), 1966 (30), each (30), gas (30), does (30), companies (30), fundamental (29), monetary (29), legislation (29), tax (29), cases (29), set (29), these (29), within (29), dutch (28), power (28), required (28), courts (28), french (27), higher (27), per (27), legislative (27), procedure (27), review (27), ltd (27), vote (27), based (27), business (27), ensure (27), investment (26), made (26), requirements (26), cfreu (26), france (26), further (26), even (26), 2016 (25), political (25), 1948 (25), unfair (25), products (25), majority (25), agreement (24), development (24), markets (24), property (24), water (24), emissions (24), access (24), one (24), plc (24), out (24), two (24), non (23), agricultural (23), banks (23), private (23), renewable (23), 2018 (23), internet (23), price (23), pay (23), did (23), example (23), contrast (23), years (23), parties (22), opinion (22), commercial (22), working (22), decision (22), being (22), individual (22), take (22), countries (22), when (22), different (21), university (21), 2020 (21), 1994 (21), since (21), basic (21), will (21), some (21), netherlands (21), though (21), generally (21), italy (21), google (21), meant (21), environment (20), insurance (20), stability (20), civil (20), society (20), product (20), treatment (20), practices (20), production (20), equality (20), discrimination (20), enterprise (20), like (20), including (20), 1997 (20), interest (20), same (20), them (20), third (20), give (20), particularly (20), terms (19), contract (19), statute (19), electronic (19), oxford (19), udhr (19), governance (19), ireland (19), those (19), means (19), his (19), prices (19), part (19), justified (19), three (19), governments (19), need (18), british (18), convention (18), area (18), foreign (18), president (18), before (18), eec (18), 1991 (18), craig (18), make (18), measures (18), prevent (18), full (18), requirement (18), entitled (18), fair (18), view (17), code (17), safety (17), budget (17), 1986 (17), corporate (17), equal (17), búrca (17), democracy (17), 1950 (17), gmbh (17), given (17), land (17), protect (17), establishment (17), 1999 (17), high (17), claimed (17), allowed (17), wikipedia (16), 2021 (16), spain (16), authority (16), acts (16), constitution (16), environmental (16), single (16), euro (16), 1995 (16), 1993 (16), rule (16), eur (16), lex (16), million (16), shall (16), necessary (16), way (16), says (16), annex (16), conditions (16), year (16), 1989 (16), requiring (16), functioning (16), belgium (16), elected (16), 1996 (16), position (16), aim (16), claim (16), then (16), both (16), goods (16), italian (15), executive (15), history (15), framework (15), policies (15), fund (15), 1985 (15), coal (15), party (15), home (15), internal (15), kingdom (15), action (15), basis (15), directly (15), icescr (15), duty (15), least (15), climate (15), judges (15), world (15), 1961 (15), belgian (15), 1974 (15), worker (15), contracts (15), voting (15), denmark (15), provisions (15), owned (15), second (15), according (15), among (15), administrative (14), banking (14), democratic (14), communications (14), content (14), every (14), leave (14), own (14), important (14), clear (14), commerce (14), living (14), final (14), found (14), 1992 (14), become (14), costs (14), cannot (14), crisis (14), care (14), austria (14), include (14), restrictions (14), undertakings (14), provision (14), needed (14), employees (14), effective (14), citizen (14), claims (14), itself (14), limited (14), corporations (14), clean (14), applies (14), about (13), available (13), profit (13), republic (13), agreements (13), having (13), person (13), economy (13), group (13), practice (13), systems (13), order (13), liability (13), electricity (13), performance (13), rome (13), isbn (13), board (13), unless (13), rejected (13), paid (13), food (13), oil (13), 1979 (13), bargaining (13), money (13), rather (13), developed (13), fiscal (13), allow (13), whether (13), duties (13), risk (13), applied (13), often (13), still (13), body (13), issues (12), subject (12), mechanism (12), citizenship (12), criminal (12), elections (12), 1990 (12), 1998 (12), 1972 (12), waste (12), buildings (12), life (12), four (12), members (12), press (12), report (12), everyone (12), bring (12), limits (12), payments (12), damage (12), investors (12), supply (12), improvement (12), powers (12), share (12), dominant (12), collective (12), securities (12), employee (12), refer (12), 1988 (12), activity (12), regarded (12), another (12), well (12), breach (12), said (12), decisions (12), called (12), create (12), manufacturers (12), authorities (12), ecb (12), text (11), apply (11), committee (11), vehicle (11), journal (11), copyright (11), staff (11), bodies (11), patent (11), supreme (11), fact (11), gend (11), loos (11), universal (11), preliminary (11), lisbon (11), december (11), 2017 (11), iccpr (11), sets (11), quality (11), management (11), change (11), equally (11), post (11), shares (11), many (11), long (11), outside (11), minister (11), created (11), less (11), failed (11), implement (11), far (11), accession (11), adopted (11), votes (11), fossil (11), around (11), usually (11), imports (11), debt (11), privacy (10), using (10), control (10), objective (10), association (10), process (10), eurozone (10), integration (10), commissioners (10), level (10), protected (10), obligations (10), microsoft (10), trading (10), vehicles (10), good (10), proposed (10), doi (10), europa (10), july (10), persons (10), days (10), billion (10), changes (10), specific (10), disproportionate (10), 147 (10), 101 (10), compensation (10), agriculture (10), now (10), conflicts (10), spa (10), proportionate (10), corporation (10), beyond (10), argued (10), 263 (10), 294 (10), 1963 (10), race (10), unlawful (10), number (10), portugal (10), fined (10), abuse (10), instance (10), receive (10), ownership (10), provide (10), benefits (10), greenhouse (10), comply (10), limit (10), increasingly (10), questions (10), binding (10), cent (10), actions (10), conduct (9), september (9), references (9), ordinary (9), value (9), customs (9), defence (9), list (9), wage (9), country (9), damages (9), structure (9), intellectual (9), office (9), others (9), costa (9), move (9), consultation (9), maastricht (9), existing (9), 978 (9), five (9), brexit (9), our (9), upon (9), able (9), facebook (9), der (9), various (9), holding (9), regulatory (9), passenger (9), com (9), subsidies (9), competence (9), following (9), plan (9), communication (9), proposals (9), 282 (9), interpreted (9), led (9), support (9), progress (9), retirement (9), voice (9), 288 (9), 112 (9), shareholder (9), scope (9), merely (9), might (9), interpret (9), reference (9), luxembourg (9), aid (9), exist (9), thought (9), providers (9), operating (9), rail (9), failure (9), therefore (9), selling (9), similarly (9), follow (9), concern (9), ministers (9), search (8), october (8), june (8), status (8), healthcare (8), cooperation (8), currency (8), military (8), independent (8), secretary (8), judiciary (8), 1973 (8), women (8), election (8), interpretation (8), theory (8), measure (8), making (8), war (8), family (8), anti (8), fraud (8), corp (8), term (8), ruling (8), consent (8), merger (8), edn (8), cambridge (8), barnard (8), greater (8), resources (8), age (8), she (8), personal (8), uksc (8), provided (8), enough (8), respect (8), competitive (8), adequate (8), road (8), emission (8), s2cid (8), what (8), 1964 (8), serious (8), neutral (8), choice (8), gdp (8), large (8), 106 (8), occupational (8), 1976 (8), involvement (8), codified (8), weeks (8), week (8), concept (8), possible (8), 415 (8), rwe (8), primary (8), paris (8), applicable (8), appeal (8), nationals (8), wages (8), her (8), reasoned (8), 267 (8), wide (8), seek (8), pre (8), referendum (8), promote (8), sweden (8), establishing (8), toxic (8), commissioner (8), networks (8), enterprises (8), open (8), advertising (8), 2030 (8), affected (8), hours (8), firms (8), just (8), farm (8), reduce (8), qualified (8), creating (8), barriers (8), fourth (8), standing (8), residence (8), toggle (7), mobile (7), 2025 (7), statements (7), language (7), potentially (7), english (7), czech (7), man (7), global (7), resolution (7), groups (7), special (7), largest (7), external (7), steel (7), tribunal (7), industry (7), school (7), enforcement (7), remedy (7), economics (7), construction (7), evidence (7), deutsches (7), amsterdam (7), restriction (7), pollution (7), end (7), fuels (7), 261 (7), digital (7), primacy (7), maximum (7), 100 (7), fines (7), audiovisual (7), worked (7), radio (7), cjeu (7), assistance (7), line (7), volkswagen (7), ban (7), target (7), simply (7), cap (7), draft (7), prejudice (7), gross (7), lawful (7), despite (7), guarantee (7), goals (7), london (7), mainly (7), appropriate (7), airways (7), themselves (7), account (7), self (7), centros (7), insolvency (7), 1970 (7), used (7), 102 (7), too (7), 157 (7), hungary (7), marshall (7), 281 (7), established (7), contrary (7), des (7), horizontal (7), men (7), kadi (7), belastingen (7), highly (7), greece (7), nations (7), children (7), approach (7), operate (7), someone (7), purpose (7), sought (7), liable (7), count (7), today (7), enable (7), until (7), compared (7), instead (7), remains (7), bound (7), creates (7), months (7), limiting (7), especially (7), participation (7), during (7), agreed (7), registered (6), organization (6), inc (6), page (6), categories (6), containing (6), written (6), march (6), short (6), 1958 (6), block (6), peace (6), strategy (6), structural (6), funds (6), network (6), speed (6), official (6), centre (6), 1984 (6), 1981 (6), communities (6), 1957 (6), agency (6), question (6), representation (6), lawyer (6), jurisdiction (6), judgment (6), administration (6), statutory (6), reform (6), natural (6), trust (6), nationality (6), conflict (6), enel (6), rulings (6), instruments (6), habitats (6), dangerous (6), birds (6), best (6), indirect (6), illegal (6), transparency (6), science (6), something (6), russian (6), engaged (6), back (6), day (6), exchange (6), across (6), november (6), legitimate (6), recital (6), 434 (6), iss (6), request (6), entirely (6), form (6), net (6), previously (6), 000 (6), housing (6), standard (6), followed (6), light (6), forestry (6), rural (6), 151 (6), welfare (6), 107 (6), 379 (6), equivalent (6), shell (6), challenge (6), increasing (6), again (6), student (6), loans (6), students (6), universities (6), 1968 (6), governing (6), fees (6), deutsche (6), 250 (6), very (6), employed (6), works (6), defines (6), application (6), regarding (6), 319 (6), directors (6), transfer (6), ultimate (6), originally (6), hour (6), meaning (6), separate (6), consumption (6), 169 (6), chs (6), few (6), 345 (6), unjustified (6), assets (6), brought (6), intended (6), nor (6), justification (6), cmlr (6), 287 (6), bolzano (6), local (6), probably (6), certain (6), teec (6), secondary (6), peoples (6), minority (6), seen (6), infringed (6), received (6), significant (6), criticised (6), true (6), suggested (6), technical (6), impose (6), unlike (6), reason (6), 1987 (6), solange (6), für (6), consensus (6), strasbourg (6), challenged (6), whole (6), 1956 (6), values (6), poland (6), romania (6), similar (6), legislate (6), proposal (6), funded (6), knowledge (6), citation (6), series (6), giving (6), benefit (6), buy (6), responsibility (6), provider (6), demand (6), user (6), child (6), fall (6), restrict (6), result (6), representatives (6), publicly (6), generation (6), delay (6), flight (6), fuel (6), firm (6), total (6), sold (6), remedies (6), gives (6), raise (6), marketing (6), down (6), hinder (6), negative (6), gave (6), wealth (6), authorisation (6), insolvent (6), establish (6), show (6), affirmed (6), interests (6), investments (6), lived (6), decide (6), judgments (6), signed (6), contents (5), statement (5), statistics (5), agree (5), last (5), unsourced (5), february (5), january (5), 2024 (5), 2023 (5), wayback (5), links (5), retrieved (5), parliamentary (5), bloc (5), declaration (5), portal (5), lists (5), numbers (5), holidays (5), culture (5), enlargement (5), assembly (5), eastern (5), sport (5), regional (5), permanent (5), driving (5), schengen (5), average (5), withdrawal (5), institute (5), auditors (5), institution (5), legislature (5), areas (5), seats (5), points (5), border (5), dispute (5), function (5), tort (5), inspire (5), francovich (5), freely (5), charges (5), harmonisation (5), acting (5), procedures (5), types (5), relationship (5), essential (5), mcgaughey (5), context (5), complete (5), big (5), annual (5), ukhl (5), views (5), avoid (5), how (5), stop (5), taxi (5), uber (5), remuneration (5), abroad (5), regulate (5), known (5), nature (5), speeds (5), city (5), postal (5), railway (5), bus (5), heavy (5), bathing (5), spanish (5), waters (5), timber (5), type (5), asset (5), federal (5), nordrhein (5), westfalen (5), foster (5), 188 (5), 105 (5), 944 (5), advocate (5), jacobs (5), carbon (5), 152 (5), biomass (5), continue (5), defined (5), why (5), forms (5), turn (5), 194 (5), income (5), 134 (5), credit (5), 283 (5), 138 (5), nhs (5), capacity (5), 413 (5), 201 (5), 1978 (5), 225 (5), 1983 (5), original (5), wall (5), 167 (5), 212 (5), turkey (5), hand (5), 555 (5), implementing (5), mean (5), opposed (5), exercise (5), unequal (5), impact (5), transnational (5), 127 (5), aide (5), sociale (5), angonese (5), 196 (5), defrenne (5), sabena (5), former (5), clearly (5), prohibiting (5), towards (5), test (5), taxation (5), expression (5), 144 (5), kücükdeveci (5), swedex (5), 352 (5), eventually (5), transactions (5), charge (5), job (5), dori (5), employer (5), approval (5), individuals (5), deny (5), sell (5), machine (5), archived (5), 402 (5), nederlandse (5), sufficient (5), reduced (5), propose (5), included (5), stated (5), never (5), left (5), membership (5), amazon (5), leading (5), install (5), websites (5), competitors (5), prime (5), activities (5), providing (5), prohibits (5), dignity (5), whose (5), discriminatory (5), regulated (5), break (5), largely (5), boards (5), infrastructure (5), regulator (5), reasonable (5), finally (5), eliminate (5), solar (5), wind (5), wherever (5), air (5), lower (5), violated (5), overriding (5), enabling (5), active (5), purchase (5), place (5), bill (5), businesses (5), producers (5), enforce (5), loss (5), hold (5), reserves (5), buying (5), rates (5), appointed (5), say (5), justify (5), harmonised (5), schools (5), berlin (5), depending (5), competitor (5), bought (5), mergers (5), mandatory (5), version (5), prohibited (5), solidarity (5), concerned (5), managers (5), prevented (5), bottom (5), fields (5), taxes (5), restricted (5), thus (5), importance (5), soviet (5), alcohol (5), addition (5), representing (5), sue (5), senior (5), meps (5), subsection (5), languages (4), additional (4), foundation (4), link (4), lacking (4), style (4), presidents (4), studies (4), house (4), current (4), space (4), mobility (4), supervision (4), registration (4), licence (4), matters (4), asylum (4), legitimacy (4), expense (4), procurement (4), opt (4), initiative (4), offices (4), vice (4), foundations (4), urban (4), territories (4), larger (4), 1962 (4), 1951 (4), ideas (4), judge (4), pluralism (4), drugs (4), animal (4), dassonville (4), paul (4), metock (4), kamer (4), koophandel (4), voor (4), factortame (4), bosman (4), temporary (4), medical (4), devices (4), integrated (4), technology (4), reach (4), brussels (4), online (4), 258 (4), 4th (4), 2nd (4), 3rd (4), michael (4), philosophical (4), want (4), highest (4), put (4), users (4), future (4), longer (4), wishes (4), host (4), inform (4), exempt (4), setting (4), north (4), neutrality (4), controls (4), electric (4), scandal (4), alleged (4), summary (4), 150 (4), drinking (4), bibcode (4), financing (4), 1306 (4), real (4), objectives (4), farmers (4), developing (4), paper (4), storage (4), bioenergy (4), 231 (4), pricing (4), 285 (4), wilson (4), friends (4), earth (4), royal (4), 411 (4), 516 (4), 370 (4), deposit (4), 103 (4), goal (4), ehrr (4), 453 (4), patients (4), department (4), ability (4), substantial (4), england (4), 209 (4), bidar (4), borough (4), ealing (4), problems (4), 252 (4), academic (4), mail (4), brands (4), taken (4), 234 (4), 519 (4), anyone (4), transfers (4), aiming (4), unlimited (4), iii (4), 438 (4), 1345 (4), demir (4), baykara (4), 397 (4), wtd (4), 243 (4), off (4), cover (4), contain (4), 153 (4), parallel (4), banco (4), español (4), faith (4), cause (4), 109 (4), 145 (4), distribution (4), 349 (4), inequality (4), golden (4), residents (4), 251 (4), watts (4), 1980 (4), here (4), 210 (4), 208 (4), little (4), viking (4), chapter (4), 333 (4), 184 (4), ultimately (4), remain (4), 293 (4), 213 (4), 387 (4), creation (4), 110 (4), 265 (4), 1982 (4), introduced (4), mangold (4), helm (4), debate (4), claimant (4), lord (4), outright (4), thirds (4), applying (4), recommendations (4), faccini (4), west (4), 148 (4), referred (4), 271 (4), leaving (4), 334 (4), chose (4), april (4), administratie (4), privatised (4), seat (4), relating (4), funding (4), smaller (4), unclear (4), allegations (4), allowing (4), organisations (4), 1969 (4), deficit (4), consequences (4), balanced (4), bulgaria (4), croatia (4), finland (4), estonia (4), cyprus (4), slovenia (4), malta (4), expressly (4), operators (4), scientific (4), compliance (4), comprehensive (4), results (4), traffic (4), name (4), turnover (4), phone (4), marketplace (4), discriminate (4), android (4), incitement (4), hatred (4), lack (4), sharing (4), transparent (4), preventing (4), enabled (4), actual (4), circumstances (4), quickly (4), travel (4), regulators (4), heads (4), accounts (4), heating (4), run (4), research (4), daily (4), delayed (4), major (4), follows (4), hs2 (4), alliance (4), keep (4), continent (4), hectares (4), 200 (4), receiving (4), supermarkets (4), takes (4), fifth (4), increase (4), owners (4), reasons (4), growing (4), deadline (4), enables (4), responsible (4), allows (4), fully (4), treated (4), spent (4), domestic (4), added (4), determined (4), greek (4), overseen (4), develop (4), hospitals (4), outcomes (4), grand (4), chamber (4), stay (4), shaped (4), always (4), low (4), intel (4), vertical (4), collectively (4), bans (4), includes (4), misleading (4), monopoly (4), employers (4), passport (4), scheme (4), instructions (4), shareholders (4), protecting (4), incorporated (4), stakeholders (4), incompatible (4), controversial (4), reflecting (4), individually (4), prohibition (4), participate (4), competences (4), initially (4), opted (4), won (4), conservative (4), advised (4), proper (4), balance (4), irish (4), failing (4), justifications (4), bonn (4), accepted (4), certificate (4), contravened (4), taking (4), konsumentombudsmannen (4), chocolate (4), schmidberger (4), exports (4), get (4), conflicting (4), refused (4), plaumann (4), reasoning (4), opinions (4), join (4), approve (4), currently (4), hide (4), sidebar (4), topic (3), table (3), contact (3), wikimedia (3), commons (3), license (3), updating (3), august (3), clarification (3), yale (3), norms (3), unilateral (3), religion (3), south (3), programme (3), partnership (3), neighbourhood (3), relations (3), card (3), green (3), cultural (3), migration (3), potential (3), accountability (3), supranational (3), preference (3), referendums (3), acquis (3), agencies (3), unified (3), atomic (3), 1954 (3), 1949 (3), 1967 (3), equity (3), bar (3), chambers (3), trial (3), proportionality (3), litigation (3), legality (3), decree (3), precedent (3), letters (3), estate (3), entertainment (3), unjust (3), enrichment (3), crime (3), duyn (3), und (3), procureur (3), roi (3), marleasing (3), comercial (3), fabrieken (3), equipment (3), substances (3), sea (3), reside (3), promotion (3), 116 (3), clinical (3), roaming (3), certainty (3), freedoms (3), alone (3), nice (3), advocates (3), evolution (3), weiler (3), understanding (3), lawyers (3), gráinne (3), materials (3), hart (3), 440 (3), sanctions (3), dsar (3), exemptions (3), accessible (3), entire (3), ads (3), interference (3), news (3), 162 (3), decided (3), accept (3), distortions (3), unrestricted (3), gdpr (3), informed (3), asociación (3), profesional (3), élite (3), 1535 (3), referring (3), distance (3), recipient (3), amending (3), correspondence (3), broadband (3), encourage (3), mbps (3), vodafone (3), argument (3), retail (3), situation (3), tickets (3), cheaper (3), petrol (3), 181 (3), 126 (3), counting (3), 120 (3), grams (3), 2035 (3), previous (3), 278 (3), dpr (3), force (3), shared (3), essent (3), 2050 (3), present (3), 500 (3), compare (3), landmark (3), forward (3), moving (3), fast (3), hydrocarbons (3), efficiency (3), interconnection (3), affect (3), determine (3), significantly (3), transaction (3), pringle (3), 114 (3), opec (3), 1970s (3), 131 (3), 423 (3), 189 (3), sick (3), prior (3), behind (3), perspective (3), protocol (3), linguistic (3), particular (3), tuition (3), productivity (3), 155 (3), laval (3), 457 (3), 132 (3), 202 (3), telecom (3), akzo (3), chemie (3), continental (3), 358 (3), 395 (3), 211 (3), 224 (3), 249 (3), protects (3), organise (3), ilo (3), manage (3), entity (3), organised (3), solo (3), 374 (3), stichting (3), 513 (3), ucits (3), street (3), historical (3), industrial (3), 552 (3), traditions (3), pfeiffer (3), kreuz (3), arguing (3), gains (3), increases (3), period (3), facts (3), extend (3), deakin (3), 488 (3), verbraucherzentrale (3), nrw (3), 307 (3), 618 (3), crédito (3), camino (3), 244 (3), editorial (3), aimed (3), exit (3), 517 (3), 172 (3), stiglitz (3), 171 (3), maduro (3), 478 (3), physical (3), 361 (3), 123 (3), 384 (3), 137 (3), 372 (3), bedford (3), finanzamt (3), wholly (3), makers (3), arguments (3), federalism (3), überseering (3), nordic (3), clients (3), methods (3), itwf (3), abp (3), gebhard (3), staatssecretaris (3), financiën (3), 456 (3), communist (3), enter (3), resident (3), 1007 (3), passed (3), grzelczyk (3), freistaat (3), bayern (3), 279 (3), 492 (3), cassa (3), risparmio (3), practically (3), dano (3), jobcenter (3), leipzig (3), baden (3), württemberg (3), book (3), listed (3), live (3), 405 (3), 368 (3), reflect (3), accord (3), 142 (3), 170 (3), 173 (3), preussenelektra (3), schleswag (3), 270 (3), pursued (3), namely (3), constant (3), 236 (3), 544 (3), handelsgesellschaft (3), vast (3), widely (3), resolved (3), role (3), 463 (3), read (3), believed (3), otherwise (3), bverfge (3), 366 (3), pension (3), 322 (3), colson (3), von (3), 3325 (3), rely (3), srl (3), gerven (3), 316 (3), grounds (3), sex (3), southampton (3), became (3), express (3), consulting (3), comm (3), penalties (3), imposed (3), dialogue (3), autonomy (3), once (3), 254 (3), 253 (3), 326 (3), 313 (3), 1971 (3), acknowledged (3), hands (3), done (3), elr (3), reimbursement (3), 772 (3), 223 (3), recognised (3), 238 (3), 432 (3), 1960 (3), 273 (3), vienna (3), parti (3), écologiste (3), les (3), verts (3), ministres (3), 1945 (3), pursuant (3), mutual (3), assist (3), monopolies (3), lithuania (3), slovakia (3), latvia (3), needs (3), update (3), politically (3), identifier (3), help (3), events (3), operations (3), replaces (3), placed (3), shopping (3), worldwide (3), app (3), traders (3), sellers (3), alphabet (3), broadcasting (3), programmes (3), either (3), behaviour (3), platform (3), platforms (3), due (3), ensuring (3), denial (3), took (3), web (3), designed (3)
Text of the page (random words):
ority 1986 case 152 84 1986 ecr 723 following the opinion of ag slynn the court of justice held that ms marshall who was made to retire at 60 as a woman unlike the men at 65 was unlawful sex discrimination but only on the basis that the employer the nhs was the state obiter at 48 the court of justice suggested she would not have succeeded if it were a private party c f shelley v kraemer 334 u s 1 1948 per vinson cj at 19 these are not cases as has been suggested in which the states have merely abstained from action leaving private individuals free to impose such discriminations as they see fit rather these are cases in which the states have made available to such individuals the full coercive power of government to deny to petitioners on the grounds of race or color the enjoyment of property rights in premises which petitioners are willing and financially able to acquire and which the grantors are willing to sell ag van gerven in marshall no 2 1993 c 271 91 1993 ecr i 4367 ag jacobs in vaneetveld c 316 93 1994 ecr i 763 ag lenz in faccini dori 1994 case c 91 92 1994 ecr i 3325 1979 case 148 78 1979 ecr 1629 1979 case 148 78 22 see further in barber 1990 c 262 88 ag van gerven referred to the principle of nemo auditur propriam turpitudinem allegans a civil law analogue of estoppel 1996 c 194 94 1996 ecr i 2201 regarding directive 83 189 which said various technical regulations on alarm systems requiring approval from government 2010 c 555 07 2010 irlr 346 this revised the position in mangold v helm 2005 c 144 04 2005 ecr i 9981 which suggested that directives would have horizontal direct effect see also pfeiffer v deutsches rotes kreuz kreisverband waldshut ev 2005 c 397 01 which found there could be no horizontal direct effect to claim against an employer that was a private ambulance service 1990 c 188 89 1989 ecr 1839 griffin v south west water services 1995 irlr 15 this was not true for doughty v rolls royce 1991 ewca civ 15 but was for nut v st mary s school 1997 3 cmlr 638 see paolo faccini dori v recreb srl 1994 case c 91 92 1994 ecr i 3325 holding miss dori could not rely on the consumer long distance contracts directive 85 577 eec to cancel her english language course subscription in 7 days but the italian court had to interpret the law in her favour if it could first company law directive 68 151 eec 1990 c 106 89 see also von colson v land nordrhein westfalen 1984 case 14 83 1984 ecr 1891 which held that because the member state had a choice of remedy the equal treatment directive did not allow ms van colson to have a job as a prison worker also grimaldi v fonds des maladies professionnelles 1989 c 322 88 1989 ecr 4407 18 requires member state courts take account of recommendations 1966 case 61 65 2011 c 196 09 see court of justice of the european union annual report 2015 judicial activity 2016 bulmer v bollinger 1974 ch 401 cpr 68 2 1 a 1982 case 283 81 1982 ecr 3415 16 2002 c 99 00 2000 3 cmlr 205 2015 uksc 67 mr beavis received an 85 charge for parking too long in a carpark lord toulson dissenting would have held this charge contrary to the requirement of good faith created a significant imbalance in the parties rights and duties he pointed out that 85 was two thirds of a state pension and criticised the majority for wrongly applying the court of justice s case law 2014 uksc 3 outright monetary transactions case 14 january 2014 bverfge 134 366 2 bvr 2728 13 cf wilson v st helens bc 1998 ukhl 37 1999 2 ac 52 per lord slynn on specific performance 1991 c 6 90 and c 9 90 1991 ecr i 5357 brasserie du pecheur v germany and r factortame v ss for transport no 3 1996 c 46 93 and c 48 93 1996 ecr i 1029 1996 c 46 93 and c 48 93 1996 ecr i 1029 1996 c 46 93 56 59 curiously the german high court the bundesgerichtshof bgh euzw 1996 761 eventually decided that the breach was not serious enough though one might have read the court of justice to have believed otherwise case c 224 01 2003 ecr i 10239 p laboratoires pharmaceutiques bergaderm and goupil v commission case c 352 98 2000 ecr i 5291 1967 case 8 66 1967 case 8 66 91 2011 c 463 10p 38 and 55 1981 case 60 81 1 2 1963 case 25 62 hartley 2014 p 387 1985 case 11 82 9 1984 case 222 83 2002 c 50 00 p ag opinion 60 and 103 2002 c 50 00 p 38 45 2013 c 583 11 compare for example the german constitutional court act bundesverfassungsgerichtsgesetz 90 which requires the probability that a claimant s human rights are infringed or the administrative court order verwaltungsgerichtsordnung 42 which requires a probable infringement of a subjective right teu art 6 2 for example in this vast philosophical debate see on the one hand o gierke the social role of private law 1889 f kessler natural law justice and democracy some reflections on three types of thinking about law and justice 1944 19 tulane law review 32 52 r dworkin law s empire 1985 for well known minority positions advocating legal positivism the view that the concept of law and morality should be intellectually segregated see hla hart the concept of law 1961 for the work that is widely seen as having resolved the positivism debate in philosophy see l wittgenstein philosophical investigations 1953 internationale handelsgesellschaft 1970 case 11 70 1970 ecr 1125 nold v commission 1974 case 4 73 1974 ecr 491 see above 1 2 2012 c 544 10 2011 c 236 09 regulation no 1924 2006 art 2 2 5 2014 c 176 12 see e g r seymour smith v secretary of state for employment 2000 ukhl 12 and 1999 c 167 97 see mangold v helm 2005 c 144 04 and kücükdeveci v swedex gmbh co kg 2010 c 555 07 see eurostat table 1 treaty on european union article 3 3 introduced by the treaty of lisbon but see previously deutsche post v sievers 2000 c 270 97 the economic aim pursued by article 157 tfeu namely the elimination of distortions of competition between undertakings established in different member states is secondary to the social aim pursued by the same provision which constitutes the expression of a fundamental human right defrenne v sabena 1976 case 43 75 10 this provision forms part of the social objectives of the community which is not merely an economic union but is at the same time intended by common action to ensure social progress and seek the constant improvement of the living and working conditions of their peoples craig de búrca 2015 ch 17 barnard 2013 ch 1 3 30 d ricardo on the principles of political economy and taxation 3rd 1821 ch 7 see eb haas the uniting of europe political social and economic forces 1950 1957 1958 and b balassa the theory of economic integration 1961 see generally p krugman and m obstfeld international economics theory and policy 4th edn addison wesley 1997 and hj chang kicking away the ladder infant industry promotion in historical perspective 2003 31 1 oxford development studies 21 michael trebilcock and r howse the regulation of international trade 3rd edn 2005 ch 1 summarising and attempting to rebut various arguments defrenne v sabena no 2 1976 case 43 75 10 white paper completing the internal market 1985 com 85 310 c f hünermund v landesapothekerkammer baden württemberg 1993 c 292 92 ag opinion 1 asking whether tfeu art 30 is intended to liberalize intra community trade or is it intended more generally to encourage the unhindered pursuit of commerce in individual member states craig de búrca 2015 ch 18 19 barnard 2013 chs 2 6 tfeu arts 28 30 1974 case 8 74 1974 ecr 837 previously teec article 30 see d chalmers et al european union law 1st edn 2006 662 this is a ridiculously wide test commission v ireland 1982 case 249 81 commission v france 1997 c 265 95 see further k muylle angry famers and passive policemen 1998 23 european law review 467 preussenelektra ag v schleswag ag 2001 c 379 98 2001 ecr i 2099 75 76 2003 c 112 00 2003 ecr i 5659 2003 c 112 00 79 81 c f leppik 2006 c 434 04 2006 ecr i 9171 opinion of ag maduro 23 25 2003 c 112 00 2003 ecr i 5659 77 see echr articles 10 and 11 oebel 1981 case 155 80 mickelsson and roos 2009 c 142 05 vereinigte familiapresse v heinrich bauer 1997 c 368 95 dansk supermarked a s 1981 case 58 80 barnard 2013 pp 172 173 1979 case 170 78 at the time teec article 30 1979 case 170 78 13 14 1983 case 261 81 1983 case 261 81 17 2003 c 14 00 88 89 2009 c 110 05 2009 ecr i 519 2009 c 110 05 2009 ecr i 519 56 see also mickelsson and roos 2009 c 142 05 on prohibiting jet skis but justified if proportionate towards the aim of safeguarding health and the environment 1993 c 267 91 see also torfaen bc v b q plc 1989 c 145 88 holding the uk sunday trading laws in the former shops act 1950 were probably outside the scope of article 34 but not clearly reasoned the rules reflect certain political and economic choices that accord with national or regional socio cultural characteristics cf vereinigte familiapresse v heinrich bauer 1997 c 368 95 1997 c 34 95 1997 ecr i 3843 2001 c 405 98 2001 ecr i 1795 unfair commercial practices directive 2005 29 ec craig de búrca 2015 ch 21 barnard 2013 chs 8 9 and 12 13 craig p de burca g 2003 european union law p 701 there is a tension between the image of the community worker as a mobile unit of production contributing to the creation of a single market and to the economic prosperity of europe and the image of the worker as a human being exercising a personal right to live in another state and to take up employment there without discrimination to improve the standard of living of his or her family this book is not listed on worldcat metadata is probably incorrect defrenne v sabena 1976 case 43 75 10 lawrie blum v land baden württemberg 1986 case 66 85 1986 ecr 2121 1988 case 196 87 1988 ecr 6159 dano v jobcenter leipzig 2014 c 333 13 european commission the impact of free movement of workers in the context of eu enlargement com 2008 765 12 practically of post enlargement labour mobility on wages and employment of local workers and no indication of serious labour market imbalances through intra eu mobility even in those member states with the biggest inflows angonese v cassa di risparmio di bolzano spa 2000 c 281 98 2000 ecr i 4139 free movement of workers regulation 492 2011 arts 1 4 1995 c 415 93 1989 case 379 87 1989 ecr 3967 2000 c 281 98 2000 ecr i 4139 36 44 1995 c 279 93 2004 c 387 01 54 55 2007 c 287 05 55 2007 c 213 05 hartmann v freistaat bayern 2007 c 212 05 discussed in barnard 2013 ch 9 293 294 see van duyn v home office case 41 74 1974 ecr 1337 see nn shuibhne the resilience of eu market citizenship 2010 47 cmlr 1597 and hp ipsen europäisches gemeinschaftsrecht 1972 on the concept of a market citizen marktbürger grzelczyk v centre public d aide sociale d ottignes louvain la neuve 2001 c 184 99 2001 ecr i 6193 see t marshall citizenship and social class 1950 28 9 positing that citizenship passed from civil rights political rights to social rights and jhh weiler the european union belongs to its citizens three immodest proposals 1997 22 european law review 150 lashyn serhii 1 october 2021 the aporia of eu citizenship liverpool law review 42 3 361 377 doi 10 1007 s10991 021 09279 y issn 1572 8625 5th report on citizenship of the union com 2008 85 the first annual report on migration and integration com 2004 508 found by 2004 18 5m third country nationals were resident in the eu crd 2004 art 2 2 defines family member as a spouse long term partner descendant under 21 or depednant elderly relative that is accompanying the citizen see also metock v minister for justice equality and law reform 2008 c 127 08 holding that four asylum seekers from outside the eu although they did not lawfully enter ireland because their asylum claims were ultimately rejected were entitled to remain because they had lawfully married eu citizens see also r secretary of state for the home department v immigration appeal tribunal and surinder singh 1992 3 cmlr 358 see also the communist manifesto 1998 c 85 96 1998 ecr i 2691 2004 c 456 02 2004 ecr i 07573 2001 c 184 99 2001 ecr i 6193 2005 c 209 03 2005 ecr i 2119 2005 c 147 03 2014 c 333 13 see asscher v staatssecretaris van financiën 1996 c 107 94 1996 ecr i 3089 holding a director and sole shareholder of a company was not regarded as a worker with a relationship of subordination craig de búrca 2015 ch 22 barnard 2013 chs 10 11 and 13 1995 c 55 94 1995 ecr i 4165 gebhard 1995 c 55 94 37 tfeu art 54 treats natural and legal persons in the same way under this chapter itwf and finnish seamen s union v viking line abp and oü viking line eesti 2007 c 438 05 2007 i 10779 34 1974 case 2 74 1974 ecr 631 see also klopp 1984 case 107 83 holding a paris avocat requirement to have one office in paris though indistinctly applicable to everyone was an unjustified restriction because the aim of keeping advisers in touch with clients and courts could be achieved by modern methods of transport and telecommunications and without living in the locality 2011 c 565 08 2011 c 565 08 52 kamer van koophandel en fabrieken voor amsterdam v inspire art ltd 2003 c 167 01 cf employee involvement directive 2001 86 ec 1988 case 81 87 1988 ecr 5483 1999 c 212 97 1999 ecr i 1459 see also überseering bv v nordic construction gmbh 2002 c 208 00 on dutch minimum capital laws the classic arguments are found in wz ripley main street and wall street little brown co 1927 louis k liggett co v lee 288 u s 517 1933 per brandeis j and w cary federalism and corporate law reflections on delaware 1974 83 4 yale law journal 663 see further s deakin two types of regulatory competition competitive federalism versus reflexive harmonisation a law and economics perspective on centros 1999 2 cyels 231 2002 c 208 00 92 93 2008 c 210 06 see further national grid indus 2011 c 371 10 an exit tax for a dutch company required justification not justified here because it could be collected at the time of transfer and vale epitesi 2012 c 378 10 hungary did not need to allow an italian company to register craig de búrca 2015 p 815 it seems that the cjeu s rulings lacking any deep understanding of business law policies have brought about other corporate law changes in europe that were neither intended by the court nor by policy makers tfeu arts 56 and 57 1974 case 33 74 cf debauve 1980 case 52 79 art 56 does not apply to wholly internal situations where an activity are all in one member state belgium v humbel 1988 case 263 86 but contrast schwarz and gootjes schwarz v finanzamt bergisch gladbach 2007 c 76 05 wirth v landeshauptstadt hannover 1993 c 109 92 2001 c 157 99 2001 ecr i 5473 2001 c 157 99 48 55 2001 c 157 99 94 and 104 106 see watts v bedford primary care trust 2006 c 372 04 and commission v spain 2010 c 211 08 2010 c 137 09 2010 i 13019 1995 c 384 93 1995 ecr i 1141 2004 c 36 02 2004 ecr i 9609 2009 c 42 07 2007 ecr i 7633 directive 2006 123 ec of the european parliament and of the council of 12 december 2006 on services in the internal market 27 december 2006 cf j stiglitz the price of inequality 2011 ch 9 and 349 eur lex 12008e063 en eur lex eur lex europa eu capital movem...
|
