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arachnoid granulation wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 anatomy toggle anatomy subsection 1 1 structure 1 2 development 2 function toggle function subsection 2 1 cerebrospinal fluid resorption 2 2 subarachnoid systolic overpressure dampening 3 clinical significance 4 eponym 5 references 6 additional images toggle the table of contents arachnoid granulation 12 languages العربية deutsch español français galego 日本語 ქართული nederlands norsk nynorsk polski русский українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia protrusions of the arachnoid mater for returning cerebrospinal fluid to circulation arachnoid granulation diagrammatic representation of a section across the top of the skull showing the membranes of the brain etc arachnoid granulation label is at top right arachnoid granulations seen on autopsy where the dura mater has been removed but the arachnoid mater is left in place details identifiers latin granulationes arachnoideae ta98 a14 1 01 205 ta2 5389 fma 77760 anatomical terminology edit on wikidata arachnoid granulations also arachnoid villi and pacchionian granulations or bodies are small outpouchings of the arachnoid mater and subarachnoid space into the dural venous sinuses of the brain the granulations are thought to mediate the draining of cerebrospinal fluid csf from the subarachnoid space into the venous system 1 the largest and most numerous granulations lie along the superior sagittal sinus they are however present along other dural sinuses as well anatomy edit the granulations are often situated near where cerebral veins drain into the dural sinuses they are most prominent along the superior sagittal sinus particularly those lodged within the lateral lacunae in order of decreasing frequency the granulations occur within the superior sagittal sinus transverse sinuses superior petrosal sinuses and straight sinus 2 the arachnoid granulations may be lodged within granular foveae small pits upon the inner surface of the cranial bones 3 4 structure edit the arachnoid granulations are local outpouchings of the arachnoid mater as well as the subarachnoid space enclosed within it into the dural venous sinuses the granulations exhibit a thinner stalk that penetrates through the wall of a venous sinus and a distended head formed within the lumen of the sinus the head consists of a trabecular collagenous core that is largely covered by a dural cupula except for an apical cap some 0 3 mm in diameter of arachnoid cells attached directly to the dural venous endothelium 2 development edit the granulations develop during childhood as separate arachnoid villi gradually aggregate into macroscopic clumps 5 function edit the arachnoid granulations are notably thought to be involved in resorption of cerebrospinal fluid however their function is not entirely understood 2 cerebrospinal fluid resorption edit the arachnoid granulations act as one way valves normally the pressure of the csf is higher than that of the venous system so csf flows through the granulations into the blood if the pressure is reversed for some reason fluid will not pass back into the subarachnoid space 6 the reason for this is not known it has been suggested that the endothelial cells of the venous sinus create vacuoles of csf which move through the cell and out into the blood 7 the importance of arachnoid granulations for the drainage of csf is controversial 8 the granulations are sparse during early life possibly underscoring the importance of alternate mechanisms of drainage 2 a large portion perhaps the majority of csf may in fact drain through lymphatics associated with extracranial segments of cranial nerves especially through axons of cn i olfactory nerve through their extension through the cribriform plate 8 subarachnoid systolic overpressure dampening edit a suggested alternative or additional function of the granulation may be the dispersal of the overpressure wave formed within the subarachnoid space by the pulsation of arteries during systole as the venous sinuses are enclosed in rigid dural structures they represent a non distensible compartment into which subarachnoid pressure increases may be dispersed 2 clinical significance edit age related degenerative changes of the granulations and consequent decreased csf resorption may underlie normal pressure hydrocephalus which may in turn be pathogenetically implicated in additional age related neurodegenerative disorders 2 eponym edit occasionally they are referred to by their old name pacchioni s bodies named after italian anatomist antonio pacchioni 9 references edit hall michael e hall john e 2021 guyton and hall textbook of medical physiology 14th ed philadelphia pa elsevier pp 781 782 isbn 978 0 323 59712 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 standring susan 2020 gray s anatomy the anatomical basis of clinical practice 42th ed new york elsevier p 413 isbn 978 0 7020 7707 4 oclc 1201341621 linden forest edwards 1934 anatomy for physical education descriptive and applied p blakiston s son co inc p 80 retrieved 23 june 2012 sir henry morris 1921 morris s human anatomy p blakiston s son company p 953 retrieved 23 june 2012 sinnatamby chummy s 2011 last s anatomy 12th ed elsevier australia p 440 isbn 978 0 7295 3752 0 spierer r october 2023 the debated neuroanatomy of the fourth ventricle journal of anatomy 243 4 555 563 doi 10 1111 joa 13885 pmc 10485575 pmid 37170923 mcknight colin d rouleau renee m donahue manus j claassen daniel o 2020 10 19 the regulation of cerebral spinal fluid flow and its relevance to the glymphatic system current neurology and neuroscience reports 20 12 58 doi 10 1007 s11910 020 01077 9 issn 1534 6293 pmc 7864223 pmid 33074399 1 2 norwood jordan n zhang qingguang card david craine amanda ryan timothy m drew patrick j 7 may 2019 anatomical basis and physiological role of cerebrospinal fluid transport through the murine cribriform plate elife 8 e44278 doi 10 7554 elife 44278 pmc 6524970 pmid 31063132 synd 392 at whonamedit additional images edit wikimedia commons has media related to arachnoid granulations left parietal bone inner surface frontal bone inner surface ct angiography showing an arachnoid granulation in the right transverse sinus non contrast ct scan of the head showing an arachnoid granulation v t e meninges of the brain and spinal cord layers dura mater falx cerebri tentorium cerebelli falx cerebelli diaphragma sellae trigeminal cave arachnoid mater arachnoid granulation arachnoid trabeculae subarachnoid cisterns cisterna magna pontine cistern interpeduncular cistern chiasmatic cistern of lateral cerebral fossa superior cistern of lamina terminalis cerebellopontine cistern pia mater denticulate ligaments tela choroidea choroid plexus perivascular space combined filum terminale leptomeninges spaces epidural space subdural space subarachnoid space cerebrospinal fluid authority control databases terminologia anatomica retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title arachnoid_granulation oldid 1314212468 category meninges hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 30 september 2025 at 08 12 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents arachnoid granulation 12 languages add topic
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