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description= Understand the techniques attackers use to break into WordPress sites. Use that knowledge to defend your site and stay secure.;
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s zmap fast network scan web nikto web scanner ssl tls scan whatweb wappalyzer cms apps wordpress scanner joomla security scan drupal security scan sharepoint security scan recon domain profiler osint ip information lookup free dns ip tools tools network tests traceroute test ping dns queries dns lookup reverse dns find host records subdomains find shared dns servers zone transfer whois lookup ip address ip geolocation lookup reverse ip lookup tcp port scan udp port scan subnet lookup asn lookup banner grabbing search web tools http headers extract page links reverse analytics search research blog tutorials cheat sheets open source tools latest posts research most popular modern threats the attack surface cyber security training resources cowrie honeypot analysis attacking wordpress offensive security tools for sysadmins nessus openvas and nexpose vs metasploitable wireshark tutorial and cheat sheet assessments attack surface assessment vulnerability assessment wordpress assessment about use cases about faq what is a vulnerability scanner pricing login pricing log in security research tools october 24 2013 attacking securing wordpress learn the tips and techniques used to attack and break into wordpress based websites with knowledge of these hacker techniques you will be better prepared to keep your sites secure penetration testers or red teams wishing to exploit wordpress targets will also find helpful pointers in this guide enumeration recon 1 wordpress core version enumeration 2 enumerate plugins 3 enumerate themes 4 enumerate users 5 directory indexing 6 server vulnerability discovery 7 bypass cloudflare or sucuri firewall 8 wpscan 9 nmap nse scripts 10 cmsmap exploitation attacks 11 brute force login form 12 brute force login via xmlrpc php 13 denial of service dos via xmlrpc php 14 exploit plugins 15 exploit themes 16 exploit wordpress core 17 sniff and capture credentials 18 vulnerable server components 19 server administration tools 20 content discovery article updated october 2019 introduction to wordpress security wordpress is the application behind more than 30 of all websites its ease of use and open source base are what make it such a popular solution the number of installs continues to grow there are now an estimated 75 million wordpress sites this popularity makes it a target for bad guys aiming to use a compromised web server for malicious purposes by providing details of attack techniques we aim to raise awareness about the need for good maintenance and security monitoring of wordpress there are very good guides on securing a wordpress installation available this article does not intend to repeat those to get started securing a wordpress install try the excellent guide on wordpress org or this comprehensive guide on the owasp site keep in mind in a managed wordpress hosting service some of these attacks and mitigations will be the responsibility of the hosting provider if you are self hosting then security and maintenance are your responsibility ready to start let s grab our hoodie and start hacking using these attack techniques and tools against systems you do not own or have permission to test is illegal in most jurisdictions this article is for educational purposes and to raise awareness about the need for proactive security enumerating wordpress put yourself in the attackers mindset the first thing we want to do is discover as much technical information regarding the site configuration as we can this will help us when we move onto the actual attacking or exploitation phase enumeration or reconnaissance can be conducted stealthily using regular web requests to gather technical information about the site or it can be performed more aggressively by brute forcing web paths to detect the presence of plugins and themes to begin with we want to get an idea of how well maintained the site is determining whether the site is running the latest wordpress core version is a good start wordpress core version enumeration three simple methods can be used to determine the core version of wordpress meta generator check the html source of the page for a meta generator tag in the head section of the html source this example is taken from the source of a default wp install of version 3 5 2 and twenty twelve theme from the source html meta name generator content wordpress 3 5 2 version in readme html if the meta tag has been disabled check for the presence of readme html from root of the install early versions of wordpress had the version right there at the top of the readme file newer versions of wordpress have removed the version from the file version in html source of site in the html source the version is often appended as a parameter on links to javascript and css resources that the page is loading depending on the plugin this will not always be the case and sites that have minified js and css may not have these information leaks present security vulnerabilities in wordpress core an attacker finds a site with an older wordpress core version and as a result this may be directly exploitable via a security vulnerability in the wordpress core and it is a clear indication the site is not being well maintained in a poorly managed site other components plugins themes may not have been updated consequently the chance of a successful attack has increased considerably wordpress plugin and version enumeration during wordpress plugin enumeration we attempt to find as many installed plugins as we can even those that are disabled knowing the installed wordpress plugins may allow us to identify the version and research whether it is vulnerable to known exploits passive analysis can be used to find plugins through regular http requests to the wordpress site active enumeration is more aggressive and usually involves using a script or tool to perform hundreds or even thousands of mostly invalid http requests reading through the html source of the wordpress site can reveal installed plugins through javascript links comments and resources such as css that are loaded into the page these are the easiest plugins to discover and require no aggressive testing of the target site even the http headers can reveal information such as the x powered by header that reveals the presence of the w3 total cache plugin some plugins do not leave traces in the html source to find all the installed plugins you have to be more aggressive a number of tools can brute force known plugin lists from the path wp content plugins plugin to test the web server response will usually reveal valid directories often with http 403 as opposed to unknown directories on the web server with its http response code once you have a list of plugins that are present on the site your wordpress scanner or manual requests can be used to determine the version of the plugin curl https myvulnerablesite com wp content plugins badplugin readme txt in the readme txt we can see the version of the plugin compare this against known exploits and we can get a good idea if the site is vulnerable without actually throwing the exploit wordpress theme enumeration as with plugins wordpress themes can contain vulnerabilities that might expose the site to compromise themes are collections of php code with html and css resources more complex themes have more included components and are more likely to introduce security vulnerabilities enumeration of the theme is conducted similarly to detecting the plugins the theme path is often visible in the html of the page source the css file getting loaded from the theme will often reveal the path with the path we have the theme name and we can load the readme txt to confirm the theme in use and the version curl http examplewp com wp content themes avada readme txt an important consideration when testing for vulnerable wordpress themes and plugins is a theme that is installed yet not active may still have code that is accessible and vulnerable this is why brute force testing for theme paths is an important step when assessing an unknown wordpress installation enumerate wordpress users if we can gather valid usernames then we can attempt password guessing attacks to brute force the login credentials of the site getting access to an administrator account on a wordpress installation provides the attacker with a full compromise of the site database and very often remote code execution on the server through php code execution these user enumeration techniques have been reported to wordpress org as security vulnerabilities however the developers do not classify the user name as sensitive and are willing to accept the risk over the increased usability such as advising the users when the user is wrong vs the password being wrong author archives in a default installation you should be able to find the users of a site by iterating through the user id s and appending them to the sites url for example author 1 adding 2 then 3 etc to the url will reveal the users login id either through a 301 redirect with a location http header curl http wordpressexample com author 1 this post has a method for cycling through the wordpress users using a bash one liner enumerate users through guessing brute forcing the user name is possible using the login form as the response is different for a valid vs an invalid account this can be performed manually to check a single user or using an automated tool such as burp intruder to cycle through thousands of possible usernames users listed in json api endpoint using a json endpoint it may be possible to get a list of users on the site this was restricted in version 4 7 1 to only show a user if configured before that all users who had published a post were shown by default curl http wordpressexample com wp json wp v2 users see the wordpress security testing tools below for automated user enumeration directory indexing directory indexing is a function of the web server that allows you to view the contents of a directory in the web accessible path viewing the contents of a directory allows an attacker to gather a lot of information about the installation such as installed plugins and themes without the need to brute force the paths to check for directory indexing you can browse to folder locations and see if you get a response that includes index of and a list of folders files common locations to check would be wp content wp content plugins wp content themes uploads images if you can browse wp content plugins the enumeration of plugins and versions becomes much easier server vulnerability testing in this phase we move into testing network services rather than direct testing of the wordpress installation port scanning is the standard technique for the discovery of network services running on the server services that might be present on a wordpress host mysql server remotely accessible port 3306 cpanel administration login portal port 2082 2083 webmin administration port 10000 ftp service for filesystem access ssh for remote control other web services with admin or other sites port 8080 8888 etc any of the services may allow access or control of the server through either a security vulnerability or a compromised password port scanning can be conducted using the excellent nmap port scanner or an alternative security tool carrying on from our enumeration of network services using the port scanner we could run vulnerability scans against the discovered services to identify exploitable services or other items of interest openvas vulnerability scanner the greenbone vulnerability manager gvm previously known as openvas is one option this is an open source vulnerability scanner that can be installed locally or enterprise appliances are also available from greenbone networks we also host the open source openvas scanner for testing internet accessible targets as part of our security testing platform nikto vulnerability scanner nikto is another vulnerability scanner that focuses on the discovery of known vulnerable scripts configuration mistakes and other web server items of interest the nikto tool has been around for many years yet still has a place in the penetration testers toolbox tools such as this throw tens of thousands of tests against target in an attempt to discover known vulnerabilities and other low hanging fruit it is a noisy process filling the target system logs with 404 s and other errors not recommended if you are going after a target ninja style pentest red team bypass sucuri or cloudflare web firewall many wordpress sites opt for third party services to help protect the site from attacks by using a web based firewall proxy a service such as sucuri or cloudflare sits between the users browser and the wordpress site attacks launched at the site can be detected and blocked by the firewall the firewall proxies the traffic by using dns the sites dns is pointed at servers belonging to sucuri or cloudflare so the user or attacker will resolve the hostname and connect to the ip of the firewall system if we determine the real ip address of the server and add an entry to our hosts file we can bypass the firewall and go directly to the webserver hosting the site this is significant if the site is not well maintained and relying on the protection of the firewall for example a vulnerable plugin may be present but being blocked by the firewall we bypass the firewall exploit the vulnerable plugin and the server checking dns records using dns records is the most effective way of identifying the real ip address for bypassing a site hosted behind sucuri or cloudflare historical dns records may show the original ip address before the firewall service was implemented mail records mx if mail is hosted on the same server as the website then this will reveal the real host txt spf records might also reveal ip addresses of interest tls ssl certificate searches historical tls ssl searches may also find real hostnames associated with the sites actual ip address if they can matched other reconnaissance techniques may reveal host names and ip addresses of interest once you have an ip address that you suspect could be the ip address add it to your etc hosts file with the sites hostname this will force your system to bypass dns and go directly the ip address if the site loads there is a good chance this is the correct ip address wpscan wpscan is a popular wordpress security testing tool that ties many of these simple enumeration techniques together enabling users to quickly enumerate a wordpress installation it has a commercial license restricting use for testing your own wordpress sites and non commercial usage it attempts to identify users plugins and themes depending on the selected command line options and also show vulnerabilities for each of the discovered plugins guide to installing wpscan nmap nse scripts for wordpress nmap comes bundled with nse scripts that extend the functionality of this popular port scanner a few of the nmap nse scripts are particula...
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