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main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 historical spurious languages 2 dubious languages 3 spurious according to ethnologue and iso 639 3 toggle spurious according to ethnologue and iso 639 3 subsection 3 1 removed from ethnologue 12th ed 1992 3 2 removed from ethnologue 13th ed 1996 3 3 removed from ethnologue 14th ed 2000 3 4 removed from ethnologue 15th ed 2005 3 5 retired 2007 3 6 retired 2008 3 7 retired 2009 3 8 retired 2010 3 9 retired 2011 3 10 retired 2012 3 11 retired 2013 3 12 retired 2014 3 13 retired 2015 3 14 retired 2016 3 15 retired 2017 3 16 retired 2018 3 17 retired 2019 3 18 retired 2020 3 19 retired 2021 3 20 retired 2022 3 21 retired 2023 3 22 retired 2024 4 spurious according to glottolog 5 references and notes 6 external links toggle the table of contents spurious languages 10 languages čeština español فارسی français hausa igbo 한국어 bahasa melayu русский 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from lyons sign language reputably reported languages later shown to not exist not to be confused with fictional language spurious languages are languages that have been reported as existing in reputable works while other research has reported that the language in question did not exist some spurious languages have been proven to not exist others have very little evidence supporting their existence and have been dismissed in later scholarship others still are of uncertain existence due to limited research in some cases a purported language is tracked down and turns out to be another known language this is common when language varieties are named after places or ethnicities historical spurious languages edit some alleged languages turn out to be hoaxes such as the kukurá language of brazil or the taensa language of louisiana others are honest errors that persist in the literature despite being corrected by the original authors an example of this is hongote the name given in 1892 to two colonial era word lists one of tlingit and one of a salishan language that were mistakenly listed as patagonian the error was corrected three times that year but nonetheless hongote was still listed as a patagonian language a century later in greenberg 1987 1 133 in the case of new guinea one of the most linguistically diverse areas on earth some spurious languages are simply the names of language surveys that the data was published under examples are mapi kia upper digul upper kaeme listed as indo pacific languages in ruhlen 1987 these are actually rivers that gave their names to language surveys in the greater awyu languages and ok languages of new guinea 2 dubious languages edit dubious languages are those whose existence is uncertain they include oropom uganda nemadi mauritania rer bare ethiopia extinct if it ever existed ladakhi sign language no community to use it 3 spurious according to ethnologue and iso 639 3 edit following is a list of iso 639 3 language codes which have been retired since the standard was established in 2006 arranged by the year in which the actual retirement took effect in most cases the change request for retirement was submitted in the preceding year also included is a partial list of languages with their sil codes that appeared at one time in ethnologue but were removed prior to 2006 arranged by the first edition in which they did not appear the list includes codes that have been retired from iso 639 3 or languages removed from ethnologue because the language apparently does not exist and cannot be identified with an existing language the list does not include instances where the language turns out to be a spelling variant of another language or the name of a village where an already known language is spoken these are cases of duplicates which are resolved in iso 639 3 by a code merger it does include languages for which there is no evidence or which cannot be found in some cases however the evidence for nonexistence is a survey among the current population of the area which would not identify extinct languages such as ware below sil codes are upper case iso codes are lower case once retired iso 639 3 codes are not reused 4 sil codes that were retired prior to 2006 may have been re used or may have reappeared as iso codes for other languages removed from ethnologue 12th ed 1992 edit itaem png itm marajona brazil mpq nemeyam png nmy nereyama nereyó brazil nry numbiaí orelha de pau nuh oganibi png oga tijuana sign language mexico tjs added to ethnologue 1988 by mistake due to a misunderstanding removed in 1992 no evidence that it ever existed tyeliri senoufo tye the tyeliri are a caste of leather workers and do not have their own language wagumi wgm zanofil znf name of an ethnic group that speaks yongkom yon removed from ethnologue 13th ed 1996 edit bibasa png bhe described as isolate in need of survey in the 12th ed removed from ethnologue 14th ed 2000 edit alak 2 alq a mislabeled fragment of a word list 5 dzorgai dzi kortse kbg pingfang pfg thochu tcj lofuchai lophuchai lfu wagsod wgs old names for qiangic languages some of uncertain correspondence to currently recognized names hsifan hsi an ethnic name for people speaking a variety of qiangic or jiarongic languages scandinavian pidgin sign language spf normal inter language contact not an established pidgin wutana nigeria wuw an ethnic name removed from ethnologue 15th ed 2005 edit jiji jij 6 kalanke ckn 7 lewada dewara lwd incl balamula mataru 8 lowland semang orb 9 though other languages without iso codes such as wila are also called lowland semang mutús muf 10 suspected to be the otherwise extinct timote e g by adelaar and muysken 2004 nchinchege ncq 11 nkwak nkq 12 same as tanjijili also a possible synonym for kwak retired in 2015 oso southern fungom oso no evidence it is distinct from fungom and bum 13 rungi rur 14 wamsak wbd 15 retired 2007 edit miarrã xmi unattested 16 17 atuence atf an old town name 18 likely referring to dêqên amapá creole amd 19 retired 2008 edit amikoana amikuân akn 20 land dayak dyk language family name not individual language 21 ware wre 22 ware is listed as extinct in maho 2009 when an sil team in tanzania were not able to find any evidence of it being spoken the code was retired bahau river kenyah bwv kayan river kenyah knh mahakam kenyah xkm upper baram kenyah ubm any current use is likely either mainstream kenyah xkl or uma lung ulu amerax aex prison jargon garreh ajuran ggh borana somali sufrai suf two languages tarpia and kaptiau which are not close 23 retired 2009 edit aariya aay papavô ppv name given to several uncontacted groups europanto eur a jest retired 2010 edit chimakum cmk duplicate of chemakum xch beti cameroon btb a group name retired 2011 edit ayi china ayx dhanwar india dha mahei mja retired 2012 edit palu pbz pongyong pgy elpaputih elp could be either of two existing languages wirangu nauo wiw the two varieties which do not form a unit 24 retired 2013 edit malakhel mld likely ormuri forest maninka myq generic retired 2014 edit gugu mini ggm a generic name maskoy pidgin mhh never existed emok emo never existed yugh yuu duplicate of yug yug lamam lmm duplicate of romam rmx retired 2015 edit mator taygi karagas ymt duplicate of mator yiddish sign language yds no evidence that it existed 25 the thx duplicate of oy imraguen mauritania ime borna eborna bxx perhaps a typo for boma eboma 26 bemba bmy a tribal name songa sgo a tribal name daza dzd retired in 2015 with the reason nonexistent but that decision was reversed in 2023 bringing dzd back 27 buya byy kakauhua kbf kakauhua caucahue is an ethnonym language unattested see alacalufan languages subi xsj duplicate of shubi suj but that decision was reversed in 2019 bringing xsj back 28 yangho ynh does not exist ǂkxʼaoǁʼae kx au ein aue dialect of juǀʼhoan ktz 29 retired 2016 edit bhatola btl cagua cbh chipiajes cbe a saliba and guahibo surname coxima kox iapama iap uncontacted and likely either wayampi or apalaí 30 runa rna savara dravidian svr xipináwa xip unattested and may not be distinct 31 yarí yri dialect of carijona 32 and several supposed extinct arawakan languages of venezuela and colombia cumeral cum omejes ome ponares pod a sáliba surname perhaps just piapoco or achagua 33 tomedes a k a tamudes toe additional languages and codes were retired in 2016 due to a lack of evidence that they existed but were not necessarily spurious as languages retired 2017 edit lua prb 34 rennellese sign language rsi a home sign system not a full language 35 rien rie 36 shinabo snh 37 pu ko puk no substantive evidence that the language ever existed retired 2018 edit lyons sign language lsg 38 no substantive evidence that the language ever existed mediak mwx 39 mosiro mwy a clan name 40 retired 2019 edit lui lba 41 khlor llo duplicate of kriang ngt 42 mina india myi meena a tribe and caste name in india 43 retired 2020 edit arma aoh 44 tayabas ayta ayy 45 babalia creole arabic bbz misunderstanding of a study on chadian arabic 46 barbacoas bpb 47 cauca cca 48 chamari cdg 49 degaru dgu 50 eastern karnic ekc 51 khalaj kjf 52 lumbee lmz 53 palpa plp 54 tapeba tbb 55 56 57 a recently created indigenous ethnicity not a language retired 2021 edit bikaru bic posited based on a poor elicitation of ordinary bisorio 58 retired 2022 edit warduji wrd no evidence of a distinct language spoken in warduj 59 pini pii 60 judeo tunisian arabic ajt duplicate of tunisian arabic aeb 61 retired 2023 edit tupí tpw duplicate of tupinamba tpn 62 karipúna kgm duplicate of palikur plu 63 koibal zkb duplicate of khakas kjh 64 salchuq slq 65 parsi prp dialect of gujarati gu 66 retired 2024 edit dek cameroon dek duplicate of suma sqm spurious according to glottolog edit glottolog maintained at the max planck institute for evolutionary anthropology in leipzig classifies several languages some with iso 639 codes as spurious unattested in addition to those retired by the iso these include language name iso 639 3 details ǃkhuai duplicate of ǀxam adabe adb dialect of wetarese taken to be a papuan language adu adu duplicate of okpamheri agaria agi all likely candidates in the area already have iso codes ahirani ahr khandeshi dialect anasi bpo misidentification of nisa arakwal rkw an ethnic group not a language baga kaloum bqf should be subsumed into koga variant baga sobané bsv should be subsumed into sitemu variant bainouk samik bcb split from bainouk gunyuño due solely to national border bhalay bhx a caste rather than a language bubia bbx buso bso duplicate of kwang chetco ctc indistinguishable from tolowa chuanqiandian cluster miao cqd con cno gengle geg mutually intelligible with kugama gowlan goj a caste rather than a language gowli gok a caste not a language guajajara gub mutually intelligble with tenetehara ihievbe ihi ibviosakan dialect inku jat main article jatki language sil named jat entry jakati ethnologue 16 through 28 versions suggest spoken by 29 300 people in ukraine but a ukrainian linguist aleksej barannikov contested it as maybe covered by vlax romani an alternative name jat may refer to some at least two village lived dialects in afghanistan supported by aparna rao and charles kieffer glottolog currently supports charles investigate to name inku consider it related with saraiki ir irr duplicate of ong ir judeo berber jbe according to glottolog jewish berbers speak no differently than muslim berbers however there are claims that this is not true kang kyp kannada kurumba kfi katukína kav dialect of the same language as kanamari kayort kyv duplicate of rajbanshi kisankasa kqh kofa kso duplicate of bata kpatili kpm purportedly the original language of the kpatili people who now speak gbayi but any such language is unattested kuanhua xnh insufficient attestion possibly khmu kuku mangk xmq lama myanmar lay duplicate of nung lambichhong lmh yakkha language name exists due to form errors lang e yne laopang lbg undocumented loloish language loarki lrk also covered under gade lohar gda lopi lov undocumented loloish language lumba yakkha luu yakkha language name exists due to form errors mawa nigeria wma listed in ethnologue but sil has no evidence it ever existed munda unx duplicate of mundari ndonde hamba njd dialect of makonde language norra nrr duplicate of nung northwestern fars faz all likely candidates in the area already have iso codes odut oda extinct and unattested nigerian language old turkish otk ontenu ont a place rather than a language phangduwali phw yakkha language name exists due to form errors pisabo pig asserted to be both unattested and non distinct by glottolog pokangá pok spurious misidentification of waimajã potiguára pog glottolog argues is likely old tupi puimei naga npu indistinct variety of one of the related languages putoh put quetzaltepec mixe pxm rufiji rui skagit ska duplicate of lushootseed snohomish sno duplicate of lushootseed southern lolopo ysp confused entry duplicating either lolopo or miqie southwestern nisu nsv likely confused additional nisu language spoken in same locations as southern nisu syerna senoufo shz should be subsumed into sìcìté sénoufo tawang monpa twm chinese and indian name for dakpakha tetete teb intelligible with siona thu lao tyl duplicate of dai zhuang tingui boto tgv ethnic group speaking dzubukuá welaung weu place name not a language yarsun yrs yauma yax references and notes edit campbell lyle 2012 classification of the indigenous languages of south america in grondona verónica campbell lyle eds the indigenous languages of south america the world of linguistics vol 2 berlin de gruyter mouton pp 59 166 isbn 9783110255133 upper kaeme may correspond to korowai glottolog 2 4 adabe glottolog org retrieved 13 july 2015 iso 639 3 change history 01 sil org retrieved 13 july 2015 sidwell 2009 classifying the austroasiatic languages ethnologue 14 report for language code jij ethnologue com retrieved 24 september 2012 ethnologue 14 report for language code ckn ethnologue com retrieved 24 september 2012 ethnologue 14 report for language code lwd ethnologue com retrieved 24 september 2012 ethnologue 14 report for language code orb ethnologue com retrieved 24 september 2012 ethnologue 14 report for language code muf ethnologue com retrieved 24 september 2012 ethnologue 14 report for language code ncq ethnologue com retrieved 24 september 2012 ethnologue 14 report fo...
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