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aturday feb 2009 posted by _ in amir syarifudin hatta revolusi sjahrir soekarno 3 comments saya tulis ulang berdasarkan dua buku yakni indonesian by arnold brackman yg terbit tahun 1963 dan sjahrir exile dari mrazek yang terbit tahun 1994 kedua buku ini walaupun ditulis dalam rentang yang sangat lama tapi saling mengisi walaupun ada kontradiksi antara satu dan lain timbul pertanyaan kritis baru seperti 1 apakah bung karno terlibat dalam pemebentukan persatuan perjuangan 2 apakah pidato tan malaka di purwekerto dimaksudkan untuk menggeser sjahrir atau justru beraliansi dengan sjahrir 3 apakah sjahrir menganggap bung karno terlibat dalam usaha kejatuhan kabinetnya yang pertama 4 apa yang terjadi pada sidang knip di surakarta pada 26 february 1946 yang dihadiri tan malaka soekarno dan sjahrir karena ini sejarah yang sangat penting dan crucial bagian bagian sejarah yang penting saya tebalkan mohon jika ada informasi tambahan silahkan add di comments ____ mrazek book pag 312 tan malaka s politik as we noticed had been announced as a book as big as sjahrir s muhammad jamin published his tan malaka father of the indonesia republic in berita indonesia where sjahrir s influence was also strong subadio sastrosatomo follower of sjahrir wrote later i saw the efforts of the people s congress which took place in purwokerto a efforts to put tan malaka into the limelight menonggolkan tan malaka and to shake the position of soekarno i did not see the congress a opposition against the cabinet of sjahrir the emergence of tan malaka and his coming up with the minimum program at the purwokerto people congress had indeed been an effort to continue the spirit of the testament sjahrir together with tan malaka were mentioned as sukarno and hatta s successorsj benedict anderson suggested that tan malaka if he had built a powerful political organization to support him might have played a role in the indonesian revolution comparable to that of ho chi minh in vietnam according to anderson the only other attempt in the post surrender years besides sjahrir s our struggle to analyze systematically and to give a coherent perspective to the revolution the writings and speeches by tan malaka it is impossible to say what might happened if these two extraordinary men during late 1945 and early 1946 had been able to work together adam malik dated the beginning of separation of tan malaka from sjahrir at the time of purwokerto which is at the begining of january amir sjarifoedin wrote later that tan malaka and his group were not wholly in agreement sjahrir s cabinet policies already in january according to sjahrir himself animosity and bitterness arose between his and tan malaka s camps months after the cabinet was formed thus again in mid january one thing was striking both men sjahrir and tan malaka appeared to play a passive role in the separation others neither sjahrir nor tan malaka appeared to be be the principal actors ____ according to subadio s memoirs it was abdoelmadjid who was sent as a representative of the socialist party amir and sjahrir to the people s congress at purwokerto he reported back about the congress to other party leaders amir sjarifoeddin tan ling djie and myself he explained the events as a true marxist stalinist and in terms of the comintem and dimitrov line thus he described tan malaka as a trotskyist which is a renegade an opponent and an enemy amir sjarifoeddin as a member of cabinet believed that the congress was an effort to begin an opposition and thus it was not difficult for him to accept the ideological explanation which abdoelmadjid and also tan ling djie gave i asked l n sitoroes a political companion of sjahrir and also a man who was known at the time for his liking of tan malaka if sjahrir and tan malaka could ever have made it to the top and led the republic together no way sitoroes answered it could not be done not in the indonesia of the time at least one of them would have to be a javanese it seems that tan malaka and sjahrir were increasingly being used it also seems that they both failed at the same historical moment for the same reason and per haps by the same design the scene of the failure of both of them was the center the fortress yogyakarta the javanese interior the place where sukarno as we noted above came into his own on february 6 1946 in yogyakarta the executive of the masjumi the islamic and strongly nationalist republican political party making public its loss of patience with compromises with the west declared its non confidence in sjahrir s cabinet the indonesian national party close to sukarno resembling strongly the prewar partindo and also led by sartono sukarno s lifelong ally and sjahrir s life long rival immediately followed suit on february 17 sukarno in yogyakarta decided to speak out reading his speech later one can not but be impressed by how much and how well sukarno used tan malaka s rhetoric and tan malaka s flame and how he was able at the same time to display truly paternal benevolence when speaking about sjahrir ______ be confident that our prime minster will not swerve in his determination to maintain the demand for 100 per cent independence freedom but if it should ever turn out that sjahrir is not maintaining the demand for 100 independence freedom that all of you my brothers want then i have the right to dismiss him on february 23 sjahrir traveling hastily from jakarta on the special train to yogyakarta sent sukarno a secret letter of resignation this still might have been and it probably was just a tactical step on february 26 according to tan malaka sjahrir also demanded to see him i hurried to yogyakarta to meet him on february 26 194 wrote tan malaka however the meeting never took place on the same day february 26 in surakarta a javanese princely town an hour s drive from yogyakarta and in the solo valley a plenary meeting of the central in donesian national council took place the delegates did not know about the letter of resignation which sjahrir had sent three days earlier and to which sukarno had not yet responded the meeting started with sjahrir reporting what he had attained through his conferences with the dutch and the british till now then sukarno took the rostrum sukarno began by handing sjahrir a big file of about 250 telegrams from local leaders then turning to the audience sukarno spoke out all these telegrams demand exactly the same loo freedom and that a war against the dutch be declared further all these men and women ask that the conferences the foreigners in jakarta be stopped one has been conferring for four months already and nothing is achieved the dutch made me duck each subsequent day they come one more step in my direction because they were not in a state to play an open game they called in the british my boys are depicted as war criminals by them and so am after sukarno tan malaka was given the platform this probably was the cru cial speech in the old man s life during a heated exchange of words a report says tan malaka urged sjahrir not to drift too much to the dutch side sjahrir then asked sukarno to permit his cabinet to be expanded this sukarno waved away by saying that this should be decided by the plenum at the next session of the central indonesian national council held two days later on february 28 many further telegrams from sukarno s file were read so many indeed that it took the whole session and any further decision on the fate of sjahrir s cabinet had to be delayed till march 2 on march 2 more telegrams were read and then sukarno gave another speech we are in war the indonesian republican army must be strengthened its strength shall be brought up to 1 000 000 men a course is already em barked upon to develop an indonesian atom bomb filled with nitrogen no dutchman shall be admitted into our offices and into our public enter prise eurasians may be appointed only when this is especially approved by the president now it was no more tan malaka s but sukarno s flame it was also announced that soekarno would not go to jakarta and would not negotiate with the dutch this also was the moment when sjahrir resigned as he said later because i could not get enough cooperation from the top ieadership some people believed that with sjahrir defeated tan malaka might be offered sjahrir s job according to hatta however he and sukarno now decided to block tan malaka s road to power the weakened sjahrir was used hatta announced a new cabinet on the very day of sjahrir s resignation sjahrir again was its premier but without sjahrir being able to resist a few new people entered his cabinet representing the masjumi and the in donesian national party significantly sjahrir called the program of his second cabinet soekarno s five points tan malaka in his own way spoke about the same thing he criticized the second sjahrir cabinet but as anderson commented it is very noticeable that in his critique tan malaka makes almost no mention of sjahrir but constantly refers to the soekarno hatta government in effect attributing the program to those two men on march 17 1946 two weeks after the crisis tan malaka together with some of his followers abikoesno jamin and soekarni was arrested in surakarta i did not know tan malaka wrote in 1948 two years later and when still in prison i did not understand who did it why and on what official authority it appears again that others neither sjahrir nor tan malaka were the main actors of course sjahrir was prime minister at the time of the arrest amir sjarifoed din the minister of defense his signature was on the warrant later claimed that he brackman s book p47 up to this point in the developing revolution the orthodox communists were almost conspicuous by their absence not so the national communists from the outset tan malaka maneuvered to widen the split between sukarno and sjahrir he first approached sjahrir and proposed that the resistance forces join with his own group in deposing the fascist sukarno tan malaka was apparently unenthusiastic about making an attempt to seize direction of the revolution without first eliminating sukarno as tan malaka doubtlessly expected sjahrir rebuffed him accordingly tan malaka embarked on a daring and amateurish scheme to attain power by duplicity he sought to capitalize on the growing unrest in batavia by inducing sukarno to draft a political will designating him as sole heir in the event that harm befell sukarno and hatta which was probable once such a testament was signed sukarno recognizing the need for some kind of a political will consented but he cleverly divided his legacy among four heirs tan malaka iwa sjahrir and wongsonegoro the last named a respected old line nationalist with no following sukarno felt that this group was representative of the main currents of the revolution sjahrir the marxist wongsonegoro the nationalist and iwa a devout moslem his communist background notwithstanding sukarno preached that only by a blending of these three forces marxism nationalism and islam could the revolution succeed and the republic survive in his mind perhaps tan malaka embodied a coalition of these three forces although tan malaka was disappointed by the will the very fact that sukarno had drafted a testament suited his designs admirably as expected the news of the testament spread rapidly although its contents were kept secret and have yet to be officially disclosed now tan malaka drafted a new testament in which he alone was named political heir he then proceeded to the interior and spread rumors that sukarno and hatta were captives of the dutch and that sjahrir was in the pay of the british by transferring the government to jogjakarta sukarno exposed the absurdity of tan malaka s charges apparently sukarno now felt that he could use tan malaka to depose sjahrir for sukarno believed that sjahrir s democratization program and conciliatory attitude toward the allies had been pursued too far sukarno therefore encouraged tan malaka to capitalize on the widespread opposition to sjahrir s policy of negotiations with the dutch and british by constructing a broad united front behind the government to achieve this tan malaka organized the persatuan perdjuangan fighting front at purwokerto within a short interval the persatuan succeeded in enrolling 141 parties and organizations without the slightest difficulty 4 both the masjumi and pni entered the persatuan as did the socialists and other parties of the left that had blossomed after the introduction of the multi party system no party could afford to dissociate itself from a front that enjoyed presidential ncouragement and was ostensibly organized to marshal the country behind the government by january 28 tan malaka apparently felt sufficiently secure to draft a seven point persatuan program which he felt the moderate sjahrir would reject the minimum demands called for negotiations on the basis of the 100 per cent recognition of indonesian independence composition of the government in harmony with the tendencies among the people composition of the army in harmony with the tendencies among the people disarming of japanese forces confiscation and exploitation of enemy dutch estates confiscation and exploitation of enemy dutch factories sjahrir confounded tan malaka by endorsing the program tan malaka countered by demanding its immediate implementation a move that made it clear that tan malaka s primary objective was to topple sjahrir the parties of the left sjahrir s main source of strength resigned from the persatuan the masjumi by then in the cabinet wavered on february 28 sjahrir who considered sukarno a coarchitect of the tan malaka strategy abruptly resigned as premier sukarno forced to choose between sjahrir and tan malaka recognized the ambitious tan malaka as the greater personal threat and turned again to sjahrir on march 2 sjahrir returned to office tan malaka enraged by sukarno s deception set about to attain power by a coup d etat his plans were thwarted however when the government arrested him and a number of aides including yamin and chaerul saleh on march 17 his arrest meanwhile generated disorders at soerakarta central java largely between the barisan banteng buffalo legion and the pesindo socialist youth which supported the government sejarah pulau jawa dari voc hingga politik etis 07 saturday feb 2009 posted by _ in sejarah pulau jawa 6 comments ini ada sejarah singkat tentang pulau jawa yg cukup ringkas bagaimana perkembanganya dari masa voc culturstelsel liberal free market lalu dilanjuti oleh ethical policy banyak yang lupa sebenarnya kalau indonesia yang sekarang mengadop policy 100 percen neo liberal policy sebenarnya hal ini merupakan pengulangan sejarah 130 tahun lalu dimana setelah masa culturstelsel belanda mengadopsi sistem free market liberal dimana kepemilikan kekayaan alam indonesia sebenarnya tidak 100 persen dimiliki oleh belanda melainkan dimiliki enterpreneur2 dari 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