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gion subsection 2 1 cryofauna 2 2 cryptofauna 2 3 epifauna 2 4 infauna 2 5 limnofauna 2 6 macrofauna 2 7 megafauna 2 8 meiofauna 2 9 mesofauna 2 10 microfauna 2 11 stygofauna 2 12 troglofauna 2 13 xenofauna 2 14 other 3 treatises toggle treatises subsection 3 1 classic faunas 4 see also 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents fauna 81 languages alemannisch العربية asturianu azərbaycanca bikol central беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская বাংলা bosanski català کوردی čeština чӑвашла dansk deutsch zazaki ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français galego avañe ẽ עברית हिन्दी hrvatski magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia interlingue íslenska italiano 日本語 ქართული qaraqalpaqsha қазақша 한국어 кыргызча latina lëtzebuergesch limburgs ligure lietuvių latviešu македонски മലയാളം bahasa melayu plattdüütsch nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål occitan polski پنجابی português română русский русиньскый scots srpskohrvatski српскохрватски සිංහල simple english slovenčina shqip српски srpski svenska тоҷикӣ ไทย tagalog türkçe татарча tatarça українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt winaray 吴语 მარგალური 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia set of animal species in any particular region and time for other uses see fauna disambiguation animal life redirects here for the book see animal life book this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources fauna news newspapers books scholar jstor april 2012 learn how and when to remove this message simplified schematic of an island s fauna all its animal species highlighted in boxes fauna pl faunae or faunas is all the animal life present in a particular region or time the corresponding terms for plants and fungi are flora and funga respectively flora fauna funga and other forms of life are collectively referred to as biota zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place e g the sonoran desert fauna or the burgess shale fauna paleontologists sometimes refer to a sequence of faunal stages which is a series of rocks all containing similar fossils the study of animals of a particular region is called faunistics etymology edit fauna comes from the name fauna a roman goddess of earth and fertility the roman god faunus and the related forest spirits called fauns all three words are cognates of the name of the greek god pan and panis is the modern greek equivalent of fauna πανίς or rather πανίδα fauna is also the word for a book that catalogues the animals in such a manner the term was first used by carl linnaeus from sweden in the title of his 1745 1 work fauna suecica subdivisions on the basis of region edit cryofauna edit cryofauna refers to the animals that live in or very close to cold areas cryptofauna edit cryptofauna is the fauna that exists in protected or concealed microhabitats 2 epifauna edit epifauna also called epibenthos are aquatic animals that live on the bottom substratum as opposed to within it that is the benthic fauna that live on top of the sediment surface at the seafloor infauna edit this time lapse movie shows images taken every hour during a two week period worms bacteria and fish are shown disturbing the sediment as they burrow and move through it infauna are benthic organisms that live within the bottom substratum of a water body especially within the bottom most oceanic sediments the layer of small particles at the bottom of a body of water rather than on its surface bacteria and microalgae may also live in the interstices small spaces between particles of bottom sediments in general infaunal animals become progressively smaller and less abundant with increasing water depth and distance from shore whereas bacteria show more constancy in abundance tending toward one million cells per milliliter of interstitial seawater such creatures are found in the fossil record and include lingulata trilobites and worms they made burrows in the sediment as protection and may also have fed upon detritus or the mat of microbes which tended to grow on the surface of the sediment 3 today a variety of organisms live in and disturb the sediment the deepest burrowers are the ghost shrimps thalassinidea which go as deep as 3 metres 10 ft into the sediment at the bottom of the ocean 4 limnofauna edit limnofauna refers to the animals that live in fresh water macrofauna edit macrofauna are benthic or soil organisms which are retained on a 0 5 mm sieve studies in the deep sea define macrofauna as animals retained on a 0 3 mm sieve to account for the small size of many of the taxa megafauna edit main article megafauna papuan australian and new zealand fauna this image was likely first published in the first edition 1876 1899 of the nordisk familjebok megafauna are large animals of any particular region or time for example australian megafauna meiofauna edit main article meiobenthos meiofauna are small benthic invertebrates that live in both marine and freshwater environments the term meiofauna loosely defines a group of organisms by their size larger than microfauna but smaller than macrofauna rather than a taxonomic grouping one environment for meiofauna is between grains of damp sand see mystacocarida in practice these are metazoan animals that can pass unharmed through a 0 5 1 mm mesh but will be retained by a 30 45 μm mesh 5 but the exact dimensions will vary from researcher to researcher whether an organism passes through a 1 mm mesh also depends upon whether it is alive or dead at the time of sorting mesofauna edit main article soil mesofauna mesofauna are macroscopic soil animals such as arthropods or nematodes mesofauna are extremely diverse considering just the springtails collembola as of 1998 approximately 6 500 species had been identified 6 microfauna edit main article microfauna microfauna are microscopic or very small animals usually including protozoans and very small animals such as rotifers to qualify as part of the microfauna an organism must exhibit animal like characteristics as opposed to microflora which are more plant like stygofauna edit main article stygofauna stygofauna is any fauna that lives in groundwater systems or aquifers such as caves fissures and vugs stygofauna and troglofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna based on life history both are associated with subterranean environments stygofauna is associated with water and troglofauna with caves and spaces above the water table stygofauna can live within freshwater aquifers and within the pore spaces of limestone calcrete or laterite whilst larger animals can be found in cave waters and wells stygofaunal animals like troglofauna are divided into three groups based on their life history stygophiles stygoxenes and stygobites 7 troglofauna edit main article troglofauna the microscopic cave snail zospeum tholussum found at depths of 743 to 1 392 m 2 438 to 4 567 ft in the lukina jama trojama cave system of croatia is completely blind with a translucent shell troglofauna are small cave dwelling animals that have adapted to their dark surroundings troglofauna and stygofauna are the two types of subterranean fauna based on life history both are associated with subterranean environments troglofauna is associated with caves and spaces above the water table and stygofauna with water troglofaunal species include spiders insects myriapods and others some troglofauna lives permanently underground and cannot survive outside the cave environment troglofauna adaptations and characteristics include a heightened sense of hearing touch and smell 8 loss of under used senses is apparent in the lack of pigmentation as well as eyesight in most troglofauna troglofauna insects may exhibit a lack of wings and longer appendages xenofauna edit main article extraterrestrial life xenofauna theoretically are alien organisms that can be described as animal analogues while no alien life forms animal like or otherwise are known definitively the concept of alien life remains a subject of great interest in fields such as astronomy astrobiology biochemistry evolutionary biology science fiction and philosophy other edit examples of fauna in olleros de tera spain other terms include avifauna which means bird fauna and piscifauna or ichthyofauna which means fish fauna treatises edit classic faunas edit linnaeus carolus fauna suecica 1746 see also edit environment portal ecology portal earth sciences portal biodiversity biome ecology ecosystem environmental movement fauna and flora preservation society gene pool genetic erosion genetic pollution natural environment soil zoology references edit wikisource 1911 encyclopædia britannica linnaeus ncri infauna organisms in hydrothermal environments have developed adaptive strategies to survive harsh conditions such as extreme temperatures low ph levels and reduced salinity they constructed galleries with the highest abundance in h1 and the dominant classes malacostraca and polychaeta demonstrating mobility based strategies like burrowing or crawling these strategies help infauna cope with hydrothermal influence rodriguez uribe 2023 hydrothermal influence refers to the transformative effects of hot water on geological chemical and biological systems and it plays a significant role in a wide range of natural processes and human activities vermeij geerat 2009 nature an economic history princeton university press isbn 9781400826490 p 266 vermeij geerat 2009 nature an economic history princeton university press isbn 9781400826490 p 267 fauna of sandy beaches josef rusek 1998 biodiversity of collembola and their functional role in the ecosystem biodiversity and conservation 7 9 1207 1219 bibcode 1998bicon 7 1207r doi 10 1023 a 1008887817883 s2cid 22883809 rubens m lopes janet warner reid carlos eduardo falavigna da rocha 1999 copepoda developments in ecology biology and systematics proceedings of the seventh international conference on copepoda held in curitiba hydrobiologia 453 454 springer 576 isbn 9780792370482 cite journal cs1 maint multiple names authors list link cs1 maint periodical has isbn link phil chapman 1982 the origins of troglobites pdf proceedings of the university of bristol spelæological society 16 2 133 141 external links edit look up fauna in wiktionary the free dictionary biodiversity of collembola and their functional role in the ecosystem by josef rusek september 1998 v t e elements of nature universe space time energy matter chemical elements particles change earth earth science history geological structure geology plate tectonics oceans gaia hypothesis future weather meteorology atmosphere earth climate clouds moonlight rain snow sunlight tides wind tornado tropical cyclone natural environment ecology ecosystem field radiation wilderness wildfires life origin abiogenesis evolutionary history biosphere hierarchy biology astrobiology biodiversity organism eukaryota fauna animals flora plants fungi protista prokaryotes archaea bacteria viruses see also nature based solutions v t e fauna of africa sovereign states algeria angola benin botswana burkina faso burundi cameroon cape verde central african republic chad comoros democratic republic of the congo republic of the congo djibouti egypt equatorial guinea eritrea eswatini ethiopia gabon the gambia ghana guinea guinea bissau ivory coast kenya lesotho liberia libya madagascar malawi mali mauritania mauritius morocco mozambique namibia niger nigeria rwanda são tomé and príncipe senegal seychelles sierra leone somalia south africa south sudan sudan tanzania togo tunisia uganda zambia zimbabwe states with limited recognition sahrawi arab democratic republic somaliland dependencies and other territories canary islands ceuta melilla spain madeira portugal mayotte réunion france saint helena ascension island tristan da cunha united kingdom western sahara v t e fauna of asia sovereign states afghanistan armenia azerbaijan bahrain bangladesh bhutan brunei cambodia china cyprus egypt georgia india indonesia iran iraq israel japan jordan kazakhstan north korea south korea kuwait kyrgyzstan laos lebanon malaysia maldives mongolia myanmar nepal oman pakistan palestine philippines qatar russia saudi arabia singapore sri lanka syria tajikistan thailand timor leste east timor turkey turkmenistan united arab emirates uzbekistan vietnam yemen states with limited recognition abkhazia northern cyprus south ossetia taiwan dependencies and other territories british indian ocean territory christmas island cocos keeling islands hong kong macau category asia portal v t e fauna of europe sovereign states albania andorra armenia austria azerbaijan belarus belgium bosnia and herzegovina bulgaria croatia cyprus czech republic denmark estonia finland france georgia germany greece hungary iceland ireland italy kazakhstan latvia liechtenstein lithuania luxembourg malta moldova monaco montenegro netherlands north macedonia norway poland portugal romania russia san marino serbia slovakia slovenia spain sweden switzerland turkey ukraine united kingdom states with limited recognition abkhazia kosovo northern cyprus south ossetia transnistria dependencies and other entities åland faroe islands gibraltar guernsey isle of man jersey svalbard v t e fauna of oceania sovereign states australia federated states of micronesia fiji indonesia kiribati marshall islands nauru new zealand palau papua new guinea samoa solomon islands tonga tuvalu vanuatu associated states of new zealand cook islands niue dependencies and other territories american samoa christmas island cocos keeling islands easter island french polynesia guam hawaii new caledonia norfolk island northern mariana islands pitcairn islands tokelau wallis and futuna v t e fauna of north america sovereign states antigua and barbuda bahamas barbados belize canada costa rica cuba dominica dominican republic el salvador grenada guatemala haiti honduras jamaica mexico nicaragua panama saint kitts and nevis saint lucia saint vincent and the grenadines trinidad and tobago united states dependencies and other territories anguilla aruba bermuda bonaire british virgin islands cayman islands curaçao greenland guadeloupe martinique montserrat puerto rico saint barthélemy saint martin saint pierre and miquelon saba sint eustatius sint maarten turks and caicos islands united states virgin islands v t e fauna of south america sovereign states argentina bolivia brazil chile colombia ecuador guyana paraguay peru suriname uruguay venezuela dependenci...
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