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of georgian and caucasian studies 4 5 324 331 haarmann harald 2012 ethnic conflict and standardisation in the caucasus in matthias hüning ulrike vogl olivier moliner eds standard languages and multilingualism in european history john benjamins publishing p 299 isbn 978 90 272 0055 6 hewitt b g 1995 georgian a structural reference grammar john benjamins publishing isbn 978 90 272 3802 3 hüning matthias vogl ulrike moliner olivier 2012 standard languages and multilingualism in european history john benjamins publishing isbn 978 90 272 0055 6 katzner kenneth miller kirk 2002 the languages of the world routledge isbn 978 1 134 53288 9 kemertelidze nino 1999 the origin of kartuli georgian writing alphabet in david cram andrew r linn elke nowak eds history of linguistics 1996 vol 1 traditions in linguistics worldwide john benjamins publishing company isbn 978 90 272 8382 5 machavariani elene 2012 georgian manuscripts issues of script and decoration tbilisi national academy of sciences of georgia press isbn 978 99940 34 46 8 mchedlidze tamaz 2013 the restored georgian alphabet vol i fulda germany fulda morfill w r 1901 georgia chambers s encyclopaedia a dictionary of universal knowledge vol 5 new ed london w r chambers pp 164 166 nakanishi akira 1990 writing systems of the world tuttle publishing isbn 978 0 8048 1654 0 paolini stefano cholokashvili nikoloz 1629 dittionario giorgiano e italiano rome palazzo di propaganda fide rapp stephen h 2003 studies in medieval georgian historiography early texts and eurasian contexts peeters publishers isbn 978 90 429 1318 9 rapp stephen h 2006 recovering the pre national caucasian landscape in büttner ruth peltz judith eds mythical landscapes then and now the mystification antares pp 13 52 isbn 99941 57 34 5 rapp stephen h 2010 georgian christianity in parry ken ed the blackwell companion to eastern christianity john wiley sons isbn 978 1 4443 3361 9 rayfield donald 2013 the literature of georgia a history routledgecurzon isbn 978 0 7007 1163 5 shanidze mzekala 2000 greek influence in georgian linguistics in sylvain auroux ed history of the language sciences geschichte der sprachwissenschaften histoire des sciences du language walter de gruyter isbn 978 3 11 019400 5 shanidze akaki 2003 ქართული ენა the georgian language in georgian tbilisi isbn 978 1 4020 1440 6 cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link shanidze akaki 1973 the basics of the georgian language grammar tbilisi cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link thomson robert w 1996 rewriting caucasian history the medieval armenian adaptation of the georgian chronicles the original georgian texts and the armenian adaptation clarendon press isbn 978 0 19 826373 9 west barbara a 2010 encyclopedia of the peoples of asia and oceania infobase publishing isbn 978 1 4381 1913 7 further reading edit barnaveli t 1977 inscriptions of ateni sioni tbilisi cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link gamkrelidze t 1989 writing system and the old georgian script tbilisi cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link javakhishvili i 1949 georgian palaeography tbilisi cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link kilanawa b 1990 georgian script in the writing systems tbilisi cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link khurtsilava b 2009 the georgian asomtavruli alphabet and its authors bakur and gri ormizd tbilisi cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link pataridze r 1980 georgian asomtavruli tbilisi cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link shosted ryan k chikovani vakhtang 2006 standard georgian journal of the international phonetic association 36 2 255 264 doi 10 1017 s0025100306002659 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to georgian scripts gallery of mkhedruli omniglot page on mkhedruli which shows some stylistic variations mentioned above georgian alphabet animation on youtube produced by the ministry of education and science of georgia gives the sound of each letter illustrates several fonts and shows the stroke order of each letter lasha kintsurashvili and levan chaganava submissions to the 2014 international exhibition of calligraphy reference grammar of georgian by howard aronson seelrc duke university unicode code chart 10a0 10ff for georgian scripts pdf 105 kb transliteration of georgian pdf 105 kb v t e georgian language grammar georgian grammar screeve verb paradigm laz grammar mingrelian grammar writing scripts braille calligraphy keyboard numerals romanization encoding unicode georgian georgian supplement georgian extended mac os georgian genealogy proto kartvelian language kartvelian languages proto georgian zan svan karto zan zan laz mingrelian old georgian georgian dialects adjaran judaeo georgian letters ani bani gani doni eni vini zeni he tani ini k ani lasi mani nari ie oni p ari zhani rae sani t ari vie uni yn pari kani ghani q ari shini chini tsani dzili ts ili ch ari khani khari jani hae hoe fi other georgian wikipedia v t e types of writing systems overview history of writing grapheme lists writing systems undeciphered inventors constructed languages by writing system by first written accounts types abjads numerals aramaic hatran arabic elifba egyptian hieroglyphs elymaic hebrew ashuri cursive rashi solitreo tifinagh mandaic manichaean nabataean ancient north arabian paleo hebrew pahlavi book inscriptional inscriptional parthian psalter pegon phoenician pitman shorthand proto sinaitic punic samaritan south arabian zabur musnad sogdian syriac ʾesṭrangēlā serṭā maḏnḥāyā teeline shorthand ugaritic abugidas brahmic northern bengali assamese bhaiksuki brahmi script devanagari dogri gujarati gupta gurmukhi kaithi kalinga khema khojki khudabadi laṇḍā lepcha mahajani marchen meitei modi multani nagari nandinagari nepalese scripts bhujimol golmol himmol kummol kvemmol kurukh pachumol newar ranjana tamyig tirhuta limbu litumol odia karani ʼphags pa sharada siddhaṃ soyombo sylheti nagri takri tibetan uchen umê tocharian zanabazar square southern ahom balinese batak baybayin bhattiprolu buda buhid chakma cham fakkham grantha goykanadi hanunoo javanese kadamba kannada karen kawi khmer khom thai kulitan lanna langdi lao leke lontara bilang bilang makasar malayalam old maldivian dhives akuru eveyla akuru mon burmese pallava pyu saurashtra shan sinhala sukhothai sundanese old sundanese tagbanwa tai le new tai lue tai noi tai tham tai viet lai tay tamil tamil brahmi tanchangya telugu thai tigalari ulu scripts incung lampung lembak ogan pasemah rejang serawai vatteluttu kolezhuthu malayanma others bharati boyd s syllabic shorthand canadian syllabics blackfoot déné syllabics dham fox i geʽez gunjala gondi japanese braille sarati jenticha kharosthi mandombe masaram gondi meroitic miao mwangwego pahawh hmong sorang sompeng tengwar thaana thomas natural shorthand warang citi rma alphabets linear adlam ariyaka armenian avestan pazend avoiuli bassa vah carian caucasian albanian cirth coelbren coorgi cox alphabet coptic cyrillic serbian early deseret duployan shorthand chinook eclectic shorthand elbasan enochian etruscan formosan fox ii franklin s phonetic fraser gabelsberger shorthand gadabuursi garay alphabet georgian asomtavruli nuskhuri mkhedruli veso bey glagolitic gothic gregg shorthand greek archaic greco iberian alphabet hangul hanifi hurûf ı munfasıla sunuwar kaddare kayah li klingon latin beneventan blackletter carolingian minuscule fraktur gaelic insular ipa kurrent merovingian sigla sütterlin tironian notes visigothic luo lycian lydian manchu medefaidrin mru mundari bani n ko ogham ol chiki old italic old permic orkhon yenisei old hungarian old uyghur mongolian evenki galik alphabet manchu oirat vagindra ol onal osage osmanya pau cin hau phrygian pisidian runic anglo saxon cipher dalecarlian elder futhark younger futhark gothic marcomannic medieval staveless shavian sidetic sorang sompeng sunuwar tifinagh todhri tolong siki vellara visible speech vithkuqi wancho warang citi yezidi zaghawa non linear braille flag semaphore maritime flags moon type new york point fingerspelling telegraph code ideograms adinkra aztec blissymbols dongba ersu shaba emoji isotype kaidā miꞌkmaw mixtec new epoch notation painting nsibidi anishinaabewibii iganan olmec siglas poveiras testerian yerkish zapotec logograms chinese family of scripts chinese characters simplified traditional oracle bone script bronze scripts seal script large small bird worm hanja kanji chữ nôm sawndip bowen chinese influenced jurchen khitan large script sui tangut cuneiform akkadian assyrian elamite hittite luwian sumerian other logosyllabic anatolian bagam cretan isthmian maya proto elamite tenevil wiigwaasabak yi classical logoconsonantal demotic hieratic hieroglyphs numerals hindu arabic abjad attic greek muisca roman other sitelen pona semi syllabaries full linear elamite celtiberian iberian northeastern southeastern khom dunging redundant espanca script pahawh hmong khitan small script southwest paleohispanic bopomofo quốc âm tân tự sign languages aslwrite signwriting si5s stokoe notation syllabaries afaka bamum bété byblos canadian aboriginal cherokee cypriot cypro minoan ditema tsa dinoko eskayan geba great lakes algonquian iban idu kana hiragana katakana man yōgana hentaigana sōgana jindai moji kikakui kpelle linear b linear elamite lisu loma nüshu nwagu aneke script old persian cuneiform sumerian vai woleai yi yugtun v t e braille braille cell 1829 braille international uniformity ascii braille unicode braille patterns braille scripts french ordered albanian cantonese catalan chinese mainland mandarin largely reassigned czech dutch 6 dot 8 dot english unified english esperanto french german ghanaian guarani hawaiian hungarian iñupiaq ipa irish italian latvian lithuanian luxembourgish extended to 8 dot maltese māori navajo nigerian philippine polish portuguese romanian samoan slovak south african spanish taiwanese mandarin largely reassigned turkish azerbaijani vietnamese welsh yugoslav zambian nordic family estonian faroese icelandic scandinavian danish finnish greenlandic northern sámi norwegian swedish russian lineage family i e cyrillic mediated scripts belarusian bulgarian kazakh kyrgyz mongolian russian tatar ukrainian egyptian lineage family i e arabic mediated scripts arabic persian urdu pakistan indian lineage family i e bharati braille devanagari hindi marathi nepali bengali bangla assamese gujarati kannada malayalam odia punjabi sinhala tamil telugu urdu india other scripts amharic armenian burmese dzongkha bhutanese georgian greek hebrew inuktitut reassigned vowels khmer thai and lao japanese vowels tibetan reordered algerian braille obsolete frequency based american braille obsolete independent chinese semi syllabaries cantonese mainland chinese mandarin taiwanese mandarin two cell chinese shuangpin japanese korean eight dot dutch luxembourgish kanji gardner salinas braille codes gs8 symbols in braille braille music canadian currency marks computer braille code gardner salinas braille codes science gs8 gs6 international phonetic alphabet ipa nemeth braille code braille technology braille e book braille embosser braille translator braille watch mountbatten brailler optical braille recognition perforation perkins brailler refreshable braille display slate and stylus braigo people louis braille charles barbier róża czacka valentin haüy harris mowbray thakur vishva narain singh maría del carmen ortiz de arce sabriye tenberken william bell wait organisations braille institute of america braille without borders japan braille library national braille association blindness organizations schools for the blind american printing house for the blind other tactile alphabets decapoint moon type new york point night writing vibratese related topics accessible publishing braille literacy robobraille v t e georgia articles history early prehistoric georgia shulaveri shomu culture kura araxes culture trialeti vanadzor culture colchian culture mushki diauehi colchis kingdom of iberia lazica roman era sasanian iberia christianization of the kingdom of iberia middle principality of iberia bagrationi dynasty arab rule emirate of tbilisi kingdom of abkhazia kingdom of the iberians unification of the georgian realm kingdom of hereti kingdom of kakheti hereti kingdom of georgia byzantine wars seljuk wars battle of didgori golden age mongol invasions timur s invasions samtskhe saatabago turkmen incursions collapse of the georgian realm kingdom of imereti principality of abkhazia principality of svaneti principality of guria principality of mingrelia kingdom of kartli kingdom of kakheti safavid georgia shah abbas i s invasions kingdom of kartli kakheti 1795 persian invasion absorption by the russian empire modern democratic republic of georgia armenian war red army invasion georgian soviet socialist republic april 9 tragedy independent georgia civil war war in abkhazia rose revolution russo georgian war by topic names of georgia monarchs states military history wars battles timeline of georgian history more geography borders birds black sea climate earthquakes environmental issues glaciers greater caucasus lakes lesser caucasus mammals national parks protected areas rivers roads volcanoes more subdivisions administrative divisions cities and towns tbilisi regions more russian occupied territories abkhazia south ossetia politics constitution elections foreign relations government human rights lgbt law enforcement military parliament political parties president prime minister economy agriculture central bank companies energy lari currency mining stock exchange telecommunications tourism transport more culture alphabet architecture art chokha cinema cuisine wine dance gambling languages georgian laz mingrelian svan libraries media music mythology names public holidays religion sports world heritage sites more demographics education ethnic minorities georgians list diaspora health care women more symbols anthem bolnisi cross borjgali coat of arms flag motto saint george cross saint nino cross outline category portal authority control databases international fast national czech republic latvia 2 israel retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title georgian_scripts oldid 1376299864 mkhedruli category georgian scripts hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata good articles use dmy dates from june 2024 scripts with iso 15924 four letter codes pages with plain ipa harv and sfn no target errors cs1 georgian language sources ka cs1 maint location missing publisher cs1 uses armenian language script hy cs1 armenian language sources hy articles containing georgian language text pages with georgian ipa articles with georgian language sources ka webarchive template wayback links articles containing arabic language text pages using multiple image with auto scaled images cs1 turkish language sources tr cs1 long volume value commons 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