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ture 3 2 leadership 3 3 membership 3 4 prospective parliamentary candidates 3 5 young conservatives 3 6 conferences 3 7 funding 3 7 1 financial ties to russian oligarchs 3 8 international affiliation 3 9 logo 3 10 associated groups 3 10 1 ideological groups 3 10 2 interest groups 3 10 3 think tanks 3 10 4 alliances 3 10 5 party branches 4 party factions toggle party factions subsection 4 1 one nation conservatives 4 2 free market conservatives 4 3 traditionalist conservatives 4 4 relationships between the factions 5 election results and campaigns toggle election results and campaigns subsection 5 1 uk general election results 6 see also 7 notes 8 references 9 further reading toggle further reading subsection 9 1 historiography 10 external links toggle the table of contents conservative party uk 87 languages afrikaans aragonés العربية مصرى azərbaycanca تۆرکجه башҡортса беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български বাংলা brezhoneg bosanski català čeština cymraeg dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi føroyskt français gaeilge galego עברית हिन्दी fiji hindi hrvatski magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia ido íslenska italiano 日本語 ქართული қазақша 한국어 kernowek latina lëtzebuergesch lombard lietuvių latviešu македонски മലയാളം монгол मराठी bahasa melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ नेपाली nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål polski پنجابی português română русский scots srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina shqip српски srpski svenska தமிழ் ไทย tagalog türkçe татарча tatarça українська اردو oʻzbekcha ўзбекча vèneto tiếng việt 吴语 მარგალური ייִדיש 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read view source view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read view source view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikinews wikiquote wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia political party conservative and unionist party leader kemi badenoch lords leader the lord true chief whips rebecca harris commons the baroness williams of trafford lords chairman kevin hollinrake chief executive the lord mcinnes of kilwinning founded 1834 192 years ago 1834 original form 9 may 1912 114 years ago 1912 05 09 current form merger of conservative party liberal unionist party preceded by tories headquarters conservative campaign headquarters 4 matthew parker street london sw1h 9hq youth wing young conservatives 1 women s wing conservative women s organisation overseas wing conservatives abroad lgbt wing lgbt conservatives membership july 2025 123 000 2 ideology conservatism 3 british unionism 6 economic liberalism 7 political position centre right to right wing european affiliation european conservatives patriots affiliates international affiliation international democracy union irish affiliation see list ulster unionist party 1922 1972 2009 2012 irish unionist alliance 1891 1922 irish conservative party 1834 1891 ulster unionist party a 2009 2012 colours sky blue dark blue secondary slogan renew and rebuild 2024 8 9 governing body conservative party board devolved or semi autonomous branches see list london conservatives scottish conservatives welsh conservatives northern ireland conservatives gibraltar conservatives parliamentary party 1922 committee house of commons 10 118 650 house of lords 247 797 scottish parliament 11 12 129 senedd 7 96 london assembly 7 25 strategic authority mayors 2 14 directly elected local authority mayors 2 13 councillors 12 13 3 850 18 645 councils led 14 69 369 pccs and pfccs 16 37 election symbol website conservatives com politics of the united kingdom political parties elections the conservative and unionist party commonly known as the conservative party and colloquially as the tories 15 is a political party in the united kingdom it sits on the centre right 16 to right wing 19 of the left right political spectrum following its defeat by the labour party at the 2024 general election it is currently the second largest party by the number of votes cast and number of seats in the house of commons as such it has the formal parliamentary role of his majesty s most loyal opposition it encompasses various ideological factions including one nation conservatives thatcherites and traditionalist conservatives there have been 20 conservative prime ministers the party meets annually during autumn for the conservative party conference the conservative party was founded in 1834 from the tory party and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century along with the liberal party under benjamin disraeli it played a preeminent role in politics at the height of the british empire in 1912 the liberal unionist party merged with the party to form the conservative and unionist party its rivalry with the labour party has shaped modern british politics for the last century david cameron sought to modernise the party after his election as leader in 2005 and the party governed from 2010 to 2024 under five prime ministers latterly rishi sunak the party has generally adopted liberal economic policies favouring free markets since the 1980s although historically it advocated protectionism the party is british unionist opposing a united ireland as well as english northern irish scottish and welsh independence and has been critical of devolution historically the party supported the continuance and maintenance of the british empire the party has taken various approaches towards the european union eu with eurosceptic and to a decreasing extent pro european factions within it historically the party took a socially conservative approach 20 21 in defence policy it supports an independent nuclear weapons programme and commitment to nato membership for much of modern british political history the united kingdom exhibited a wide urban rural political divide 22 the party s voting and financial support base has historically consisted primarily of business owners farmers homeowners middle class voters and real estate developers especially in rural and suburban areas of england 23 24 25 26 27 since the eu membership referendum in 2016 the conservatives have targeted working class voters from traditional labour strongholds 28 29 30 31 the party s domination of british politics throughout the 20th century made it one of the most electorally successful political parties in history 32 33 34 35 although the party s support has declined in recent years 36 37 38 reaching its lowest vote share ever in the 2024 election 39 history main article history of the conservative party uk origins some writers trace the party s origins to the tory party which it soon replaced other historians point to a faction rooted in the 18th century whig party that coalesced around william pitt the younger in the 1780s they were known as independent whigs friends of mr pitt or pittites and never used terms such as tory or conservative from about 1812 the name tory was commonly used for a new party that according to the historian robert blake are the ancestors of conservatism blake adds that pitt s successors after 1812 were not in any sense standard bearers of true toryism 40 tory was an insult that entered english politics during the exclusion bill crisis of 1678 1681 which derived from the middle irish word tóraidhe modern irish tóraí meaning outlaw or robber which in turn derived from the irish word tóir meaning pursuit since outlaws were pursued men 41 42 the term conservative was suggested as a title for the party in an article by j wilson croker published in the quarterly review in 1830 43 the name immediately caught on and was formally adopted under the aegis of robert peel around 1834 peel is acknowledged as the founder of the conservative party which he created with the announcement of the tamworth manifesto the term conservative party rather than tory was the dominant usage by 1845 44 45 1867 1914 conservatives and unionists robert peel twice prime minister of the united kingdom and founder of the conservative party the widening of the electoral franchise in the 19th century forced the conservative party to popularise its approach under edward smith stanley 14th earl of derby and benjamin disraeli who carried through their own expansion of the franchise with the reform act 1867 the party was initially opposed to further expansion of the electorate but eventually allowed passage of william ewart gladstone s representation of the people act 1884 in 1886 the party formed an alliance with lord hartington s and joseph chamberlain s new liberal unionist party and under the statesmen lord salisbury and arthur balfour held power for all but three of the following twenty years before suffering a heavy defeat in 1906 when it split over the issue of free trade young winston churchill denounced chamberlain s attack on free trade and helped to organise the opposition inside the unionist conservative party nevertheless balfour as party leader introduced protectionist legislation 46 churchill crossed the floor and formally joined the liberal party he rejoined the conservatives in 1925 in december balfour lost control of his party as the defections multiplied he was replaced by liberal prime minister henry campbell bannerman who called an election in january 1906 which produced a massive liberal victory liberal prime minister h h asquith enacted a great deal of reform legislation but the unionists worked hard at grassroots organizing two general elections were held in 1910 in january and in december the two main parties were now almost dead equal in seats but the liberals kept control with a coalition with the irish parliamentary party 47 48 in 1912 the liberal unionists merged with the conservative party in ireland the irish unionist alliance had been formed in 1891 which merged unionists who were opposed to irish home rule into one political movement its mps took the conservative whip at westminster essentially forming the irish wing of the party until 1922 in britain the conservative party was known as the unionist party because of its opposition to home rule 49 50 under bonar law s leadership in 1911 1914 the party morale improved the radical right wing was contained and the party machinery strengthened it made some progress toward developing constructive social policies 51 first world war further information history of the united kingdom during the first world war while the liberals were mostly against the first world war until the invasion of belgium conservative leaders were strongly in favour of aiding france and stopping germany the liberal party was in full control of the government until its mismanagement of the war effort under the shell crisis badly hurt its reputation an all party coalition government was formed in may 1915 in late 1916 the liberal david lloyd george became prime minister but the liberals soon split and the conservatives dominated the government especially after their landslide in the 1918 election the liberal party never recovered but the labour party gained strength after 1920 52 nigel keohane finds that the conservatives were bitterly divided before 1914 but the war pulled the party together allowing it to emphasise patriotism as it found new leadership and worked out its positions on the irish question socialism electoral reform and the issue of intervention in the economy the fresh emphasis on anti socialism was its response to the growing strength of the labour party when electoral reform was an issue it worked to protect their base in rural england 53 it aggressively sought female voters in the 1920s often relying on patriotic themes 54 1920 1945 main article interwar britain sir winston churchill who was prime minister during world war ii and in the 1950s in 1922 bonar law and stanley baldwin led the breakup of the coalition and the conservatives governed until 1923 when a minority labour government led by ramsay macdonald came to power the conservatives regained power in 1924 but were defeated in 1929 as a minority labour government took office in 1931 following the collapse of the labour minority government it entered another coalition which was dominated by the conservatives with some support from factions of both the liberal party and the labour party national labour and national liberals 55 in may 1940 during the second world war a more balanced coalition was formed 55 the national government which under the leadership of sir winston churchill saw the united kingdom through the second world war however the party lost the 1945 general election in a landslide to the resurgent labour party 56 57 the concept of the property owning democracy was coined by noel skelton in 1923 and became a core principle of the party 58 1945 1975 post war consensus main articles post war consensus and post war britain 1945 1979 popular dissatisfaction while serving in opposition during the late 1940s the conservative party exploited and incited growing public anger at food rationing scarcity controls austerity and government bureaucracy it used the dissatisfaction with the socialist and egalitarian policies of the labour party to rally middle class supporters and build a political comeback that won them the 1951 general election 59 modernising the party harold macmillan is closely associated with the post war settlement in 1947 the party published its industrial charter which marked its acceptance of the post war consensus on the mixed economy and labour rights 60 david maxwell fyfe chaired a committee into conservative party organisation that resulted in the maxwell fyfe report 1948 49 the report required the party to do more fundraising by forbidding constituency associations from demanding large donations from candidates with the intention of broadening the diversity of mps in practice it may have had the effect of lending more power to constituency parties and making candidates more uniform 61 winston churchill the party leader brought in a party chairman to modernise the party frederick marquis 1st earl of woolton rebuilt the local organisations with an emphasis on membership money and a unified national propaganda appeal on critical issues 62 with a narrow victory at the 1951 general election despite losing the popular vote churchill was back in power apart from rationing which was ended in 1954 most of the welfare state enacted by labour was accepted by the conservatives and became part of the post war consensus that was satirised as butskellism and that lasted until the 1970s 63 64 the conservatives were conciliatory towards trade unions but they did privatise the steel and road haulage industries in 1953 65 during the conservatives thirteen year tenure in office pensions went up by 49 in real terms sickness and unemployment benefits by 76 in real terms and supplementary benefits by...
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