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ropolitan district london boroughs civil parishes list former rural and urban districts in 1973 urban in 1896 1974 urban in 1894 95 directly elected local authority mayors local twinning regions east of england london east midlands west midlands north east north west south east south west yorkshire and the humber elections uk general elections in england 1801 co option 1802 1806 1807 1812 1818 1820 1826 1830 1831 1832 1835 1837 1841 1847 1852 1857 1859 1865 1868 1874 1880 1885 1886 1892 1895 1900 1906 1910 jan 1910 dec 1918 1922 1923 1924 1929 1931 1935 1945 1950 1951 1955 1959 1964 1966 1970 1974 feb 1974 oct 1979 1983 1987 1992 1997 2001 2005 2010 2015 2017 2019 2024 local elections 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 police and crime commissioner elections 2012 2016 2021 referendums 1915 1916 border parishes 1975 2004 north east 2011 2016 mayoral category england portal other countries v t e greater london authority edit greater london is under the strategic local governance of the greater london authority gla 24 it consists of an elected assembly the london assembly and an executive head the mayor of london 25 the current mayor not to be confused with the lord mayor of london is sadiq khan he is scrutinised by the elected london assembly which may amend his annual budget by two thirds majority but otherwise lacks the power to block his directives the headquarters of the gla previously at city hall in southwark moved to the crystal in newham in january 2022 26 the mayor is responsible for greater london s strategic planning and is required to produce or amend the london plan each electoral cycle uk parliament edit further information parliamentary constituencies in london london is divided into 73 parliamentary borough constituencies formed from the combined area of several wards from one or more boroughs typically a borough is covered by two or three constituencies status edit the london region does not have city status granted by the crown the cities of london and westminster within it have received formal city status 27 a despite this greater london is commonly regarded as a city in the general senses of a conurbation and a municipality a lord lieutenant of greater london is appointed for its area excluding the city of london for the purposes of the lieutenancies act 1997 this area is defined as a county 28 the term london usually refers to region or to the conurbation but not often to the ancient tiny city of london 29 30 that small area is often referred to as the city or the square mile and it forms the main financial district archaically the urbanised area of london was known as the metropolis in common usage the terms london and greater london are usually used interchangeably 29 greater london is officially divided for some purposes with varying definitions into inner london and outer london for some strategic planning purposes it is divided into five sub regions local government edit further information london boroughs greater london is divided into 32 london boroughs each governed by a london borough council the city of london has a unique government dating back to the 12th century and is separate from the county of greater london although is still part of the region served by the greater london authority 29 all london borough councils belong to the london councils association three london boroughs carry the honorific title of royal borough kensington and chelsea kingston and greenwich within the city of london are the liberties of middle temple and inner temple croydon brixton romford kingston upon thames harrow bromley beckenham wimbledon greenwich enfield westminster south bank ilford chingford camden stratford dalston richmond wembley hayes uxbridge tottenham city bexleyheath edgware upminster woolwich sutton ealing hounslow barnet barking walthamstow lewisham districts of the london region greater london demography edit main article demographics of london this article has multiple issues please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page learn how and when to remove these messages this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed december 2019 learn how and when to remove this message this section needs to be updated please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information april 2018 learn how and when to remove this message 2021 united kingdom census 31 country of birth population united kingdom 5 223 986 59 4 india 322 644 3 7 romania 175 991 2 0 poland 149 397 1 7 bangladesh 138 895 1 6 pakistan 129 774 1 5 italy 126 059 1 4 nigeria 117 145 1 3 ireland 96 566 1 1 sri lanka 80 379 0 9 france 77 715 0 9 jamaica 75 676 0 9 turkey 72 867 0 8 united states 71 127 0 8 spain 68 114 0 8 somalia 66 288 0 8 ghana 65 905 0 7 kenya 58 020 0 7 portugal 56 963 0 6 china 56 116 0 6 philippines 54 930 0 6 germany 50 364 0 6 south africa 47 964 0 5 afghanistan 47 706 0 5 lithuania 45 378 0 5 iran 43 852 0 5 australia 43 418 0 5 hong kong 33 760 0 4 iraq 30 365 0 3 canada 21 772 0 2 high resolution view from the top of tolworth tower in south west london over the sprawling suburban housing that is typical in some areas of greater london with increasing industrialisation london s population grew rapidly throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries and it was the most populated city in the world until overtaken by new york in 1925 its population peaked at 8 615 245 in 1939 there were an estimated 7 753 600 official residents clarification needed in mid 2009 32 failed verification london s wider metropolitan area has a population of between 12 and 13 million depending on the definition of that area according to eurostat london has been the most populous city and metropolitan area of the european union the region covers an area of 1 579 square kilometres the population density is 4 761 people per square kilometre more than ten times that of any other british region in terms of population london is the 25th largest city and the 17th largest metropolitan region in the world when it is ranked 4th in the world in the number of us dollar billionaires residing in the city it ranks as one of the most expensive cities in the world alongside tokyo and moscow ethnic groups edit in the 2001 uk census 71 15 of the population classed their ethnic group as white including white british 59 79 white irish 3 07 or other white 8 29 mostly greek cypriot italian polish and portuguese 12 09 classed themselves as british asian including indian pakistani bangladeshi and other asian mostly sri lankan arab and other southern asian ethnicities 10 91 classed themselves as black british around 6 as black african 4 as black caribbean 0 84 as other black 3 15 were of mixed race 1 12 as chinese and 1 58 as other mostly filipino japanese korean vietnamese and other british orientals 21 8 of inhabitants were born outside the european union irish people from both the republic of ireland and northern ireland number about 200 000 as do the scots and welsh combined in january 2005 a survey of london s ethnic and religious diversity claimed that there were more than 300 languages spoken and more than 50 non indigenous communities with a population of more than 10 000 figures from the office for national statistics show that in 2006 london s foreign born population was 2 288 000 31 up from 1 630 000 in 1997 the 2001 uk census showed that 27 1 of the population were born outside the uk and a slightly higher proportion were classed as non white in the 2011 uk census 59 79 of the population classed their ethnic group as white including white british 44 89 white irish 2 15 or other white 12 65 mostly greek cypriot italian polish spanish colombians and portuguese 18 49 classed themselves as british asian including indian pakistani bangladeshi and other asian mostly sri lankan arab and other southern asian ethnicities 13 32 classed themselves as black british 7 as black african 4 22 as black caribbean 2 08 as other black 4 96 were of mixed race and 3 44 as other mostly filipino japanese korean vietnamese and other british orientals the table shows the top 21 countries of birth of residents in 2011 33 these figures do not give a fair indication of the total population of the specific ethnic groups associated with each country for example londoners of greek origin from both greece and cyprus number 300 000 since an organised greek community has been established for nearly two centuries the same can be said for italian and french londoners whose communities have been here for centuries the french embassy estimates there are between 300 000 and 400 000 french citizens living in the uk with a huge majority of them living in london 34 though a polish community has existed in london since the late middle ages it was not significant in the 2001 census but has grown significantly since 2004 when poland joined the european union and by june 2010 london had 122 000 polish residents 35 the german born population figure may be misleading however because it includes british nationals born to parents serving in the british armed forces in germany london has been a focus for immigration for centuries whether as a place of safety or for economic reasons huguenots eastern european jews cypriots and east african asians are examples of the former irish bangladeshis and west indians of the latter the east end district around spitalfields has been first home for several ethnic groups which have subsequently moved elsewhere in london as they gained prosperity ethnic group 2001 36 2011 37 2021 38 number number number white british 4 287 861 59 79 3 669 284 44 89 3 239 281 36 81 white irish 220 488 3 07 175 974 2 15 156 333 1 78 white gypsy or irish traveller note 1 n a 8 196 0 10 7 031 0 08 white roma note 2 n a 37 689 0 43 white other 594 854 8 29 1 033 981 12 65 1 290 838 14 67 white subtotal 5 103 203 71 15 4 887 435 59 79 4 731 172 53 76 asian or asian british indian 436 993 6 09 542 857 6 64 656 272 7 46 asian or asian british pakistani 142 749 1 99 223 797 2 74 290 549 3 30 asian or asian british bangladeshi 153 893 2 15 222 127 2 72 322 054 3 66 asian or asian british chinese note 3 80 201 1 12 124 250 1 52 147 520 1 68 asian or asian british other asian 133 058 1 86 398 515 4 88 401 245 4 56 asian or asian british subtotal 946 894 13 20 1 511 546 18 49 1 817 640 20 66 black or black british african 378 933 5 28 573 931 7 02 697 054 7 92 black or black british caribbean 343 567 4 79 344 597 4 22 345 405 3 93 black or black british other black 60 349 0 84 170 112 2 08 145 911 1 66 black or black british subtotal 782 849 10 92 1 088 640 13 32 1 188 370 13 50 mixed white and black caribbean 70 928 0 99 119 425 1 46 132 555 1 51 mixed white and black african 34 182 0 48 65 479 0 80 77 341 0 88 mixed white and asian 59 944 0 84 101 500 1 24 125 188 1 42 mixed other mixed 61 057 0 85 118 875 1 45 170 691 1 94 mixed subtotal 226 111 3 15 405 279 4 96 505 775 5 75 other arab note 1 n a 106 020 1 30 139 791 1 59 other any other ethnic group 113 034 1 58 175 021 2 14 416 977 4 74 other subtotal 113 034 1 58 281 041 3 44 556 768 6 33 total 7 172 091 100 00 8 173 941 100 00 8 799 725 100 00 1 2 new category created for the 2011 census new category created for the 2021 census in 2001 listed under the other ethnic group heading population edit main article demographics of london greater london population from 1880 to 2016 39 40 the population of the current area of greater london rose from about 1 1 million in 1801 when only about 850 000 people were in the urban area while 250 000 were living in villages and towns not yet part of london to an estimated 8 6 million in 1939 but declined to 6 7 million in 1988 before starting to rebound in the 1990s by 2006 the population had recovered to the level of 1970 and the level of population in the 1920s it has now surpassed the previous 1939 peak and is over 9 million figures here are for greater london in its 2001 boundaries figures before 1971 have been reconstructed by the office for national statistics based on past censuses to fit the 2001 boundaries figures from 1981 onward are mid year estimates revised in august 2007 which are more accurate than the censuses known to underestimate the population of london 1891 5 6 april 5 572 012 1901 31 march 1 april 6 506 954 1911 2 3 april 7 160 525 1921 19 20 june 7 386 848 1931 26 27 april 8 110 480 1939 mid year estimate 8 615 245 1951 8 9 april 8 196 978 1961 23 24 april 7 992 616 1965 greater london formally created 1971 25 26 april 7 452 520 1981 mid year estimate 6 805 000 41 1988 mid year estimate 6 729 300 42 1991 mid year estimate 6 829 300 43 2001 mid year estimate 7 322 400 44 2002 mid year estimate 7 361 600 45 2003 mid year estimate 7 364 100 46 2004 mid year estimate 7 389 100 47 2005 mid year estimate 7 456 100 48 2006 mid year estimate 7 512 400 49 2009 mid year estimate 7 753 600 49 2013 mid year estimate 8 416 535 50 2014 mid year estimate 8 546 761 51 2015 mid year estimate 8 658 178 40 2016 mid year estimate 8 798 957 40 economy edit main article economy of london a profile of the economy of london in 2013 this is a chart of trend of regional gross value added gva of inner london at current basic prices published pp 240 253 by office for national statistics with figures in millions of british pounds sterling gva inner london year regional gross value added b agriculture c industry d services e 1995 64 616 7 8 147 56 461 2000 92 330 6 10 094 82 229 2003 112 090 12 10 154 101 924 eurostat data shows the gdp of inner london to be 232 billion euros in 2009 52 and per capita gdp of 78 000 euros this is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of outer london at current basic prices published pp 240 253 by office for national statistics with figures in millions of british pounds sterling gva outer london year regional gross value added b agriculture c industry d services e 1995 44 160 51 10 801 33 307 2000 60 304 43 12 529 47 732 2003 69 420 69 13 081 54 462 eurostat data shows the gdp of outer london to be 103 billion euros in 2009 52 and per capita gdp of 21 460 euros religion edit main article religion in london see also list of churches and cathedrals of london westminster abbey a world heritage site and location of the coronation of british monarchs the largest religious groupings are christian 48 4 muslim 8 4 hindu 8 0 jewish 1 8 sikh 1 5 and buddhist 1 0 alongside those of no religion 21 7 the united kingdom has traditionally been christian and london has a large number of churches particularly in the city st paul s cathedral in the city and southwark cathedral south of the river are anglican administrative centres while the clerical head of the church of england and the worldwide anglican communion the archbishop of canterb...
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