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estimate it introduced 50ms latency in any input device arguably those are all usb and the external drive was connected through usb but i suspect the zfs drivers are not as well tuned with the scheduler as the regular filesystem drivers recovery procedures for test purposes i unmounted all systems during the procedure umount mnt boot efi mnt boot run umount a t zfs zpool export a and disconnected the drive to see how i would recover this system from another linux system in case of a total motherboard failure to import an existing pool plug the device then import the pool with an alternate root so it doesn t mount over your existing filesystems then you mount the root filesystem and all the others zpool import l a r mnt zfs mount rpool root debian zfs mount a mount dev sdc2 mnt boot efi mount t tmpfs tmpfs mnt run mkdir mnt run lock offsite backup part of the goal of using zfs is to simplify and harden backups i wanted to experiment with shorter recovery times specifically both point in time recovery objective and recovery time objective and faster incremental backups this is therefore part of my backup services this section documents how an external nvme enclosure was setup in a pool to mirror the datasets from my workstation the final setup should include syncoid copying datasets to the backup server regularly but i haven t finished that configuration yet partitioning the above partitioning procedure used sgdisk but i couldn t figure out how to do this with sgdisk so this uses sfdisk to dump the partition from the first disk to an external identical drive sfdisk d dev nvme0n1 sfdisk no reread dev sda force pool creation this is similar to the main pool creation except we tweaked a few bits after changing the upstream procedure zpool create o cachefile etc zfs zpool cache o ashift 12 d o feature async_destroy enabled o feature bookmarks enabled o feature embedded_data enabled o feature empty_bpobj enabled o feature enabled_txg enabled o feature extensible_dataset enabled o feature filesystem_limits enabled o feature hole_birth enabled o feature large_blocks enabled o feature lz4_compress enabled o feature spacemap_histogram enabled o feature zpool_checkpoint enabled o acltype posixacl o xattr sa o compression lz4 o devices off o relatime on o canmount off o mountpoint boot r mnt bpool tubman dev sdb3 the change from the main boot pool are no unicode normalization different device path sdb used to be the m 2 device it s now nvme0n1 reordered parameters main pool creation is zpool create o ashift 12 o encryption on o keylocation prompt o keyformat passphrase o acltype posixacl o xattr sa o dnodesize auto o compression zstd o relatime on o canmount off o mountpoint r mnt rpool tubman dev sdb4 first sync i used syncoid to copy all pools over to the external device syncoid is a thing that s part of the sanoid project which is specifically designed to sync snapshots between pool typically over ssh links but it can also operate locally the sanoid command had a readonly argument to simulate changes but syncoid didn t so i tried to fix that with an upstream pr it seems it would be better to do this by hand but this was much easier the full first sync was root curie home anarcat bin syncoid r bpool bpool tubman critical error target bpool tubman exists but has no snapshots matching with bpool replication to target would require destroying existing target cowardly refusing to destroy your existing target note target bpool tubman dataset is 64mb used did you mistakenly run zfs create bpool tubman on the target zfs initial replication must be to a non existent dataset which will then be created by the initial replication process info sending oldest full snapshot bpool boot test 42 kb to new target filesystem 44 2kib 0 00 00 4 19mib s 103 info updating new target filesystem with incremental bpool boot test syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 12 50 39 4 kb 2 13kib 0 00 00 114kib s 53 info sending oldest full snapshot bpool boot debian install 126 0 mb to new target filesystem 126mib 0 00 00 308mib s 100 info updating new target filesystem with incremental bpool boot debian install syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 12 50 39 113 4 mb 113mib 0 00 00 315mib s 100 root curie home anarcat bin syncoid r rpool rpool tubman critical error target rpool tubman exists but has no snapshots matching with rpool replication to target would require destroying existing target cowardly refusing to destroy your existing target note target rpool tubman dataset is 64mb used did you mistakenly run zfs create rpool tubman on the target zfs initial replication must be to a non existent dataset which will then be created by the initial replication process info sending oldest full snapshot rpool root syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 12 50 51 69 kb to new target filesystem 44 2kib 0 00 00 2 44mib s 63 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool root debian install 25 9 gb to new target filesystem 25 9gib 0 03 33 124mib s 100 info updating new target filesystem with incremental rpool root debian install syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 12 50 52 3 9 gb 3 92gib 0 00 33 119mib s 99 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool home syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 12 55 04 276 8 gb to new target filesystem 277gib 0 27 13 174mib s 100 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool home root syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 22 19 2 2 gb to new target filesystem 2 22gib 0 00 25 90 2mib s 100 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 22 47 5 6 gb to new target filesystem 5 56gib 0 00 32 176mib s 100 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var cache syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 22 627 3 mb to new target filesystem 627mib 0 00 03 169mib s 100 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var lib syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 28 69 kb to new target filesystem 44 2kib 0 00 00 1 40mib s 63 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var lib docker syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 28 442 6 mb to new target filesystem 443mib 0 00 04 103mib s 100 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var lib docker 05c0de7fabbea60500eaa495d0d82038249f6faa63b12914737c4d71520e62c5 266253254 6 3 mb to new target filesystem 6 49mib 0 00 00 12 9mib s 102 info updating new target filesystem with incremental rpool var lib docker 05c0de7fabbea60500eaa495d0d82038249f6faa63b12914737c4d71520e62c5 266253254 syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 34 4 kb 1 52kib 0 00 00 27 6kib s 38 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var lib flatpak syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 36 2 0 gb to new target filesystem 2 00gib 0 00 17 115mib s 100 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var tmp syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 55 57 0 mb to new target filesystem 61 8mib 0 00 01 45 0mib s 108 info clone is recreated on target rpool tubman var lib docker ed71ddd563a779ba6fb37b3b1d0cc2c11eca9b594e77b4b234867ebcb162b205 based on rpool var lib docker 05c0de7fabbea60500eaa495d0d82038249f6faa63b12914737c4d71520e62c5 266253254 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var lib docker ed71ddd563a779ba6fb37b3b1d0cc2c11eca9b594e77b4b234867ebcb162b205 syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 58 218 6 mb to new target filesystem 219mib 0 00 01 151mib s 100 funny how the critical error doesn t actually stop syncoid and it just carries on merrily doing when it s telling you it s cowardly refusing to destroy your existing target maybe that s because my pull request broke something though during the transfer the computer was very sluggish everything feels like it has 30 50ms latency extra anarcat curie sanoid lang c top b n 1 head 20 top 13 07 05 up 6 days 4 01 1 user load average 16 13 16 55 11 83 tasks 606 total 6 running 598 sleeping 0 stopped 2 zombie cpu s 18 8 us 72 5 sy 1 2 ni 5 0 id 1 2 wa 0 0 hi 1 2 si 0 0 st mib mem 15898 4 total 1387 6 free 13170 0 used 1340 8 buff cache mib swap 0 0 total 0 0 free 0 0 used 1319 8 avail mem pid user pr ni virt res shr s cpu mem time command 70 root 20 0 0 0 0 s 83 3 0 0 6 12 67 kswapd0 4024878 root 20 0 282644 96432 10288 s 44 4 0 6 0 11 43 puppet 3896136 root 20 0 35328 16528 48 s 22 2 0 1 2 08 04 mbuffer 3896135 root 20 0 10328 776 168 r 16 7 0 0 1 22 93 zfs 3896138 root 20 0 10588 788 156 r 16 7 0 0 1 49 30 zfs 350 root 0 20 0 0 0 r 11 1 0 0 1 03 53 z_rd_int 351 root 0 20 0 0 0 s 11 1 0 0 1 04 15 z_rd_int 3896137 root 20 0 4384 352 244 r 11 1 0 0 0 44 73 pv 4034094 anarcat 30 10 20028 13960 2428 s 11 1 0 1 0 00 70 mbsync 4036539 anarcat 20 0 9604 3464 2408 r 11 1 0 0 0 00 04 top 352 root 0 20 0 0 0 s 5 6 0 0 1 03 64 z_rd_int 353 root 0 20 0 0 0 s 5 6 0 0 1 03 64 z_rd_int 354 root 0 20 0 0 0 s 5 6 0 0 1 04 01 z_rd_int i wonder how much of that is due to syncoid particularly because i often saw mbuffer and pv in there which are not strictly necessary to do those kind of operations as far as i understand once that s done export the pools to disconnect the drive zpool export bpool tubman zpool export rpool tubman raw disk benchmark copied the 512gb ssd m 2 device to another 1024gb nvme m 2 device anarcat curie sudo dd if dev sdb of dev sdc bs 4m status progress conv fdatasync 499944259584 octets 500 gb 466 gib copiés 1713 s 292 mb s 119235 1 enregistrements lus 119235 1 enregistrements écrits 500107862016 octets 500 gb 466 gib copiés 1719 93 s 291 mb s while both over usb whoohoo 300mb s monitoring zfs should be monitoring your pools regularly normally the debman zed daemon monitors all zfs events it is the thing that will report when a scrub failed for example see this configuration guide scrubs should be regularly scheduled to ensure consistency of the pool this can be done in newer zfsutils linux versions bullseye backports or bookworm with one of those depending on the desired frequency systemctl enable zfs scrub weekly rpool timer now systemctl enable zfs scrub monthly rpool timer now when the scrub runs if it finds anything it will send an event which will get picked up by the zed daemon which will then send a notification see below for an example todo deploy on curie if possible probably not because no raid todo this should be in puppet scrub warning example so what happens when problems are found here s an example of how i dealt with an error i received after setting up another server tubman with zfs i eventually ended up getting a warning from the zfs toolchain date sun 09 oct 2022 00 58 08 0400 from root root anarc at to root anarc at subject zfs scrub_finish event for rpool on tubman zfs has finished a scrub eid 39536 class scrub_finish host tubman time 2022 10 09 00 58 07 0400 pool rpool state online status one or more devices has experienced an unrecoverable error an attempt was made to correct the error applications are unaffected action determine if the device needs to be replaced and clear the errors using zpool clear or replace the device with zpool replace see https openzfs github io openzfs docs msg zfs 8000 9p scan scrub repaired 0b in 00 33 57 with 0 errors on sun oct 9 00 58 07 2022 config name state read write cksum rpool online 0 0 0 mirror 0 online 0 0 0 sdb4 online 0 1 0 sdc4 online 0 0 0 cache sda3 online 0 0 0 errors no known data errors this in itself is a little worrisome but it helpfully links to this more detailed documentation and props up there the link still works which explains this is a minor problem something that could be included in the report in this case this happened on a server setup on 2021 04 28 but the disks and server hardware are much older the server itself marcos v1 was built around 2011 over 10 years ago now the hard drive in question is root tubman smartctl i qnoserial dev sdb smartctl 7 2 2020 12 30 r5155 x86_64 linux 5 10 0 15 amd64 local build copyright c 2002 20 bruce allen christian franke www smartmontools org start of information section model family seagate barracuda 3 5 device model st4000dm004 2cv104 firmware version 0001 user capacity 4 000 787 030 016 bytes 4 00 tb sector sizes 512 bytes logical 4096 bytes physical rotation rate 5425 rpm form factor 3 5 inches device is in smartctl database for details use p show ata version is acs 3 t13 2161 d revision 5 sata version is sata 3 1 6 0 gb s current 3 0 gb s local time is tue oct 11 11 02 32 2022 edt smart support is available device has smart capability smart support is enabled some more smart stats root tubman smartctl a qnoserial dev sdb grep e head_flying_hours e power_on_hours e total_lba e sector sizes sector sizes 512 bytes logical 4096 bytes physical 9 power_on_hours 0x0032 086 086 000 old_age always 12464 206 202 0 240 head_flying_hours 0x0000 100 253 000 old_age offline 10966h 55m 23 757s 241 total_lbas_written 0x0000 100 253 000 old_age offline 21107792664 242 total_lbas_read 0x0000 100 253 000 old_age offline 3201579750 that s over a year of power on which shouldn t be so bad it has written about 10tb of data 21107792664 lbas 512 byte lba which is about two full writes according to its specification this device is supposed to support 55 tb year of writes so we re far below spec note that are still far from the non recoverable read error per bits spec 1 per 10e15 as we ve basically read 13e12 bits 3201579750 lbas 512 byte lba 13e12 bits it s likely this disk was made in 2018 so it is in its fourth year interestingly dev sdc is also a seagate drive but of a different series root tubman smartctl qnoserial i dev sdb smartctl 7 2 2020 12 30 r5155 x86_64 linux 5 10 0 15 amd64 local build copyright c 2002 20 bruce allen christian franke www smartmontools org start of information section model family seagate barracuda 3 5 device model st4000dm004 2cv104 firmware version 0001 user capacity 4 000 787 030 016 bytes 4 00 tb sector sizes 512 bytes logical 4096 bytes physical rotation rate 5425 rpm form factor 3 5 inches device is in smartctl database for details use p show ata version is acs 3 t13 2161 d revision 5 sata version is sata 3 1 6 0 gb s current 3 0 gb s local time is tue oct 11 11 21 35 2022 edt smart support is available device has smart capability smart support is enabled it has seen much more reads than the other disk which is also interesting root tubman smartctl a qnoserial dev sdc grep e head_flying_hours e power_on_hours e total_lba e sector sizes sector sizes 512 bytes logical 4096 bytes physical 9 power_on_hours 0x0032 059 059 000 old_age always 36240 240 head_flying_hours 0x0000 100 253 000 old_age offline 33994h 10m 52 118s 241 total_lbas_written 0x0000 100 253 000 old_age offline 30730174438 242 total_lbas_read 0x0000 100 253 000 old_age offline 51894566538 that s 4 years of head_flying_hours and over 4 years 4 years and 48 days of power_on_hours the copyright date on that drive s specs goes back to 2016 so it s a much older drive smart self test succeeded remaining issues todo move send receive backups to offsite host see also zfs for alternatives to syncoid sanoid there todo setup backup cron job or timer todo swap still not setup on curie see zfs todo document this somewhere bpool and rpool are both pools and datasets that s pretty confusing but also very useful because it allows for pool wide recursive snapshots wh...
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