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Text of the page (random words):
iisk frysk galego 客家語 hak kâ ngî hrvatski magyar հայերեն bahasa indonesia ido íslenska italiano 日本語 ქართული qaraqalpaqsha 한국어 къарачай малкъар кыргызча lëtzebuergesch limburgs lombard ລາວ lietuvių latviešu македонски bahasa melayu plattdüütsch nederlands norsk bokmål occitan polski português română русский саха тыла sicilianu scots srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenčina shqip српски srpski sunda svenska тоҷикӣ ไทย türkmençe tagalog tok pisin türkçe татарча tatarça удмурт українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча vepsän kel tiếng việt winaray 吴语 хальмг მარგალური yorùbá 閩南語 bân lâm gí 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from ευ internet cctld for the european union eu introduced 28 april 2005 21 years ago 2005 04 28 tld type country code status active registry eurid sponsor european commission intended use entities connected with the european union actual use gradually increasing mostly among sites with pan european or cross border intentions registered domains 3 687 760 2024 03 27 1 registration restrictions registrants must be located within the eea or be a citizen of one of the eu eea member states structure names are registered directly at second level documents regulation eu 2019 517 dispute policies eu adr dnssec yes registry website www eurid eu eu is the country code top level domain cctld for the european union eu 2 launched on 7 december 2005 the domain is available for any person company or organization based in the european union this was extended to the european economic area in 2014 after the regulation was incorporated into the eea agreement and hence is also available for any person company or organization based in iceland liechtenstein and norway 3 4 the tld is administered by eurid a consortium originally consisting of the national cctld registry operators of belgium sweden and italy joined later by the national registry operator of the czech republic trademark owners were able to submit registrations through a sunrise period in an effort to prevent cybersquatting full registration started on 7 april 2006 5 history edit regulation 2019 517 european union regulation text with eea relevance title regulation eu 2019 517 of the european parliament and of the council of 19 march 2019 on the implementation and functioning of the eu top level domain name and amending and repealing regulation ec no 733 2002 and repealing commission regulation ec no 874 2004 made by european parliament council journal reference oj l 91 29 3 2019 p 25 35 other legislation replaces 733 2002 874 2004 amends 733 2002 current legislation establishment edit the eu cctld was approved by icann on 22 march 2005 6 and put in the internet root zone on 2 may 2005 7 even though the eu is not a country it is a sui generis intergovernmental and supranational organisation it has an exceptional reservation in iso 3166 the commission and icann had extended negotiations lasting more than five years to secure its acceptance 8 eu int was the subdomain most used by the european commission and the european parliament based on the int generic top level domain gtld for international bodies until 9 may 2006 the eu domain cctld was launched in december 2005 and because of this most eu int domain names changed to europa eu on europe day 9 may 2006 sunrise period edit the sunrise period was broken into two phases the first phase which began on 7 december 2005 was to facilitate applications by registrants with prior rights based on trademarks and geographic names the second phase began on 7 february 2006 and covered company trade and personal names in the case of all sunrise applications the application needed to be accompanied by documents proving the claim to ownership of a certain right the decision was then made by pricewaterhousecoopers belgium which had been chosen as the validation agent by eurid on 7 february 2006 the registry was opened for company trade and personal names in the first 15 minutes there were 27 949 total applications and after one hour 71 235 landrush edit on 7 april 2006 at 11 am cet registration became possible for non trademark holders most people requesting domains had asked their registrars to put their requested domains in a queue ensuring the best chance to register a domain this way more than 700 000 domains were registered during the first 4 hours of operation some large registrars like godaddy and small registrars like dotster suffered from long queues and unresponsiveness allowing people to beat the queue by registering through a registrar that had already processed its queue by august 2006 2 million eu domains had been registered it was then fourth largest cctld in europe after de uk and nl and is one of the largest internationally the number of eu domain registrations during the year after the landrush 7 april 2006 to 6 april 2007 seems to have peaked at approximately 2 6 million eu domains the market adjustment that follows a landrush in any domain name extension ensures that the number of registered domains will fall as many speculative domain registrations that failed to be resold will not be renewed this is sometimes referred to as the junk dump on the morning of 7 april 2007 the number of active eu domains stood at 2 590 160 with approximately 15 000 domains having been deleted since 5 april 2007 stabilisation edit approximately 1 5 million eu domains were up for renewal in april 2007 the eurid registry software is based on the dns be software and domains are physically renewed at the end of the month of their anniversary of registration this process differs from more sophisticated registries like that of com tld and other cctlds that operate on a daily basis as with any post landrush phase an extension shrinks as the junk dump takes effect over one year after the launch of eu 5 july 2007 the number of de domains registered was 11 079 557 according to the german de registry s statistics page while number of german owned eu domains according to eurid s statistics page was 796 561 the number of uk domains registered was 6 038 732 according to uk registry nominet s statistics page the number of apparently uk owned eu domains was 344 584 the extent of the shrinkage of eu cctld is difficult to estimate because eurid does not publish detailed statistics on the number of new domains registered each day instead it provides only a single figure for the number of active domains the number of new registrations are combined with numbers of domains registered approximately 250 000 eu domains were either deleted or moved into quarantine by 30 april 2007 in the intervening years the renewal rate has stabilised to approximately 80 which is above the industry average 9 as of november 2019 according to the tranco rank the top 100 thousand most popular domains in the world included over 200 eu domains 10 brexit edit on 29 march 2018 as a consequence of the united kingdom s exit from the european union it was announced that as of the withdrawal date undertakings and organisations that are established in the united kingdom but not in the eu and natural persons who reside in the united kingdom will no longer be eligible to register eu domain names or if they are eu registrants to renew eu domain names registered before the withdrawal date 11 12 the commission announced on 27 april 2018 that it would like to open registration to all eu and eea citizens including those living outside the eu 13 the parliament the council and the commission reached an agreement on this in december 2018 14 and the corresponding regulation passed the parliament on 31 january 2019 15 the 317 000 british eu domain names were subject to brexit negotiations because the eu domain is reserved for european union use the eu brexit would have occurred on 30 march 2020 in case of no deal 16 but had since been postponed to january 2021 the uk eu free trade deal does not cover eu domains 17 the united kingdom government released guidance for british citizens regarding eu domains in october 2020 18 and eu holders with a british address attached have been contacted twice by the domain registry regarding their domains once in october 2020 once in december 2020 19 british citizens had their eu domains suspended on 1 january 2021 for six months and then withdrawn on 1 july 2021 after a grace period to allow eu eea citizens to update the registration information to show their non uk address from 1 january 2022 they were revoked and made available for registration by other entities 19 18 this is the first case of its kind where an institution managing an internet top level domain has withdrawn domains en masse for an entire country citation needed use by the european union institutions edit main article europa web portal the second level domain europa eu has been reserved for eu institution sites with institutions and agencies making the switch from eu int to europa eu domains on the europe day of 9 may 2006 cyrillic domain edit ею a top level domain using cyrillic letters was put into operation on 1 june 2016 a cyrillic domain was needed because bulgaria a member of the eu uses the cyrillic alphabet keyboards and smartphones used in bulgaria have special key combinations to change script but in order to avoid that all cyrillic addresses are used the eu is called ес европейски съюз in bulgarian cyrillic but ес in cyrillic letters is much too similar to ec in latin letters the existing top level domain of ecuador so ею was chosen a while some latin and cyrillic letters may look identical they have different character encodings and are distinct for data processing purposes consequently there is an opportunity for misrepresentation unless steps are taken to prevent abusive registration eurid has a rule that the second level domain name must be in the same script as the top level domain 20 so cyrillic second level domains must go under ею instead of eu and all domain names under ею must be spelt using cyrillic 21 older cyrillic domains under eu were cloned into ею at its launch as of march 2024 there are 1 486 registered domains under ею 1 greek domain edit an application for a top level domain using greek letters ευ was submitted in 2016 the application was originally turned down because it was too visually similar to eu 22 the greek name of the eu is ευρωπαϊκή ένωση εε but εε would be too visually similar to ee the top level domain of estonia in 2019 steps were taken towards approving ευ as a domain the proposal was to have one and the same registry manager of eu ею and ευ which shall make sure second level domains are not visually similar and in the long term assign all cyrillic domains under eu to ею and all greek letters domains to ευ 23 ευ domain names were officially launched in november 2019 24 as of march 2024 there are 2 595 registered domains under ευ 1 allegations of abuse edit domain name speculation domain name warehousing and cybersquatting are always features of the launch of any new tld however this was more widespread in the case of the eu launch bob parsons ceo and co founder of godaddy criticized the landrush process designed by eurid particularly he condemned the use of shell companies by some registrars in his blog he stated these companies instead of only registering their real active registrars created hundreds of new phantom registrars 25 parsons cited a group of about 400 companies all with similar address and contact information based in new york each registered as an llc in his opinion these were phantom registrars created to hijack the eu landrush these phantom registrars effectively had hundreds of opportunities of registering a domain whereas a genuine registrar effectively only had one opportunity to register the same domain thus some registrants were crowded out of the eu landrush process and many generic eu domain names are now owned by the companies using these phantom registrars patrik lindén spokesman for eurid at the time denied the allegations by parsons stating that eurid verified that each registrar was an individual legal entity each had to sign an agreement with us and prepay 10 000 26 parsons did not dispute that each registrar was a separate legal entity but noted that creating such entities was trivial mr linden seemed proud that the eurid registry verified that each applicant was a legal entity before it was accredited take a moment and think about what that means you can form a legal entity for 50 an llc and you are good to go is that what we want a registry to do don t we want them instead to make sure that the organization it allows to provide end users with its domain names especially europe s very own domain name are actually in the domain name registration business 27 others claimed that eu domain had been actively targeted during the sunrise period by speculators using fast track benelux trademarks to create prior rights on various high value generic terms and during the landrush by speculators using eu front companies in the uk and cyprus to register large numbers of domains while speculative activity occurred with the launch of other domains it was the scale of the activity that called into question the competence of eurid in protecting the integrity of eu cctld the eurid organisation investigated some allegations of abuse and in july 2006 announced the suspension of over 74 000 domain names and that they were suing 400 registrars for breach of contract 28 the status of the domains was changed from active to on hold this meant that the domains could not be moved or have their ownership changed the registrars also lost their access to the eurid registration database meaning that they could no longer register eu domain names the legal action relates to the practice of domain name warehousing whereby large numbers of domain names are registered often by registrars with the intention of subsequently selling them on to third parties eurid rules state that applications for domains can only be made after a legitimate application has been made to a registrar the 74 000 applications were made in the name of only three cyprus registered companies ovidio ltd fausto ltd and gabino ltd the affected registrars joined in the action by the affected registrants obtained a provisional order from the court of first instance in brussels belgium on 27 september 2006 the court ordered eurid to release the blocked domain names or else pay a fine of 25 000 per hour for each affected domain name eurid complied with the court order and changed the status of the domains from on hold to active and restored eurid registration database access to the affected re...
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