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Text of the page (random words):
woleai script wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history 2 unicode 3 notes 4 further reading 5 see also 6 external links toggle the table of contents woleai script 4 languages हिन्दी magyar 日本語 ไทย edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia historical script of the woleaian language woleai woleaian syllabary as written by egilimar in 1913 script type syllabary period c 1910 to c 1950 direction mixed languages woleaian iso 15924 iso 15924 wole 480 woleai this article contains phonetic transcriptions in the international phonetic alphabet ipa for an introductory guide on ipa symbols see help ipa for the distinction between and see ipa brackets and transcription delimiters the woleai or caroline island script thought to have been a syllabary was a partially latin based script indigenous to woleai atoll and nearby islands of micronesia and used to write the woleaian language until the mid 20th century at the time the script was first noticed by europeans this part of micronesia was known as the caroline islands hence the name caroline island script the script has 99 known c v glyphs which are not quite enough for a complete representation of the woleaian language even given that consonant and vowel length are ignored approximately a fifth of them derive from the latin alphabet the question for historians is whether the wolaians had proto writing which crystallized into full fledged writing under the influence of the latin alphabet or if they were exposed to the latin alphabet without completely understanding it see trans cultural diffusion and supplemented it either with existing signs from petroglyphs tattoos and the like or by creating new rebus or ad hoc symbols until it was sufficient to fully express woleaian the script was written from left to right since length was ignored one glyph stood for both ga and ka xa and kːa and another for both la and na la na and nːa some glyphs stood for longer syllables than just consonant plus vowel such as bag warr tüt moi shrö chroa and gkaa not enough glyphs were recorded to write all woleaian syllables this way and it is not known if the script was fully standardized 1 history edit in 1905 a lost missionary named alfred snelling and his chuukese crew landed on eauripik a woleaian speaking atoll 100 km to the southwest of woleai proper there they taught the islanders the latin orthography of chuukese the woleaians perhaps not given enough time to grasp the concept of an alphabet where each syllable is written as consonant plus vowel understood each letter to represent its name and thus interpreted the latin alphabet as a defective syllabary that could only represent simple vowels and consonants plus the vowel i riesenberg kaneshiro 1960 call the glyphs at this stage of development type 2 2 the glyphs were also mixed up somewhat although the letters resembling t k s r h o e for example stood for ti ki si ri i wo ø there is no h sound in woleaian and w и stood for mi ni that is the letters m and n were inverted letters resembling l b d stood for fi tʃi pi note that these latin letters are not necessary for woleaian since short l and long nː are not distinguished snelling died on woleai on his way back to chuuk his crew continued and at faraulep the syllabary was augmented with glyphs that riesenberg kaneshiro call type 1 at least some of these may have been rebuses 3 this extended syllabary spread back to the other islands when the next missionary john macmillan brown reached woleai in 1913 he found an indigenous writing system albeit one known to only a few people a chief named egilimar showed it to him and brown published a list of 51 glyphs in 1914 that included v c v cvv ccv and cvc syllables unicode edit the characters proposed for unicode as of 2008 preliminary proposals have been made to add woleai script to unicode 2 they propose 97 characters these constituted an incomplete set of the v and cv syllables of the script citation needed no ccv or cvc syllables are included notes edit it may have been expanded through the rebus principle when a writer found that convenient or some of the extra syllables may have been logograms 1 2 everson michael 2011 10 21 n4146 proposal for encoding the woleai script in the smp of the ucs pdf working group document iso iec jtc1 sc2 wg2 and utc retrieved 2015 08 11 according to an unreferenced site on the web pu was a sketch of a fish from the woleaian word pu fish likewise shrü spine lö bottle ngä bamboo warr canoe of these ngä seems to correspond to ngae ŋe pu to bu ɸʷu pːʷu and lö to noe lø nːø whereas no ccv or cvc syllables like shrü or warr are included further reading edit riesenberg saul h and shigeru kaneshiro 1960 a caroline islands script in bureau of american ethnology bulletin 173 269 333 washington dc smithsonian institution see also edit rongorongo avoiuli caroline islands external links edit omniglot an image of the syllabary with glyphs taken from the unicode proposal phonoblog archived 2006 01 15 at the wayback machine discussion of riesenberg kaneshiro v t e types of writing systems overview history of writing grapheme lists writing systems undeciphered inventors constructed languages by writing system by first written accounts types abjads numerals aramaic hatran arabic elifba egyptian hieroglyphs elymaic hebrew ashuri cursive rashi solitreo tifinagh mandaic manichaean nabataean ancient north arabian paleo hebrew pahlavi book inscriptional inscriptional parthian psalter pegon phoenician pitman shorthand proto sinaitic punic samaritan south arabian zabur musnad sogdian syriac ʾesṭrangēlā serṭā maḏnḥāyā teeline shorthand ugaritic abugidas brahmic northern bengali assamese bhaiksuki brahmi script devanagari dogri gujarati gupta gurmukhi kaithi kalinga khema khojki khudabadi laṇḍā lepcha mahajani marchen meitei modi multani nagari nandinagari nepalese scripts bhujimol golmol himmol kummol kvemmol kurukh pachumol newar ranjana tamyig tirhuta limbu litumol odia karani ʼphags pa sharada siddhaṃ soyombo sylheti nagri takri tibetan uchen umê tocharian zanabazar square southern ahom balinese batak baybayin bhattiprolu buda buhid chakma cham fakkham grantha goykanadi hanunoo javanese kadamba kannada karen kawi khmer khom thai kulitan lanna langdi lao leke lontara bilang bilang makasar malayalam old maldivian dhives akuru eveyla akuru mon burmese pallava pyu saurashtra shan sinhala sukhothai sundanese old sundanese tagbanwa tai le new tai lue tai noi tai tham tai viet lai tay tamil tamil brahmi tanchangya telugu thai tigalari ulu scripts incung lampung lembak ogan pasemah rejang serawai vatteluttu kolezhuthu malayanma others bharati boyd s syllabic shorthand canadian syllabics blackfoot déné syllabics dham fox i geʽez gunjala gondi japanese braille sarati jenticha kharosthi mandombe masaram gondi meroitic miao mwangwego pahawh hmong sorang sompeng tengwar thaana thomas natural shorthand warang citi rma alphabets linear adlam ariyaka armenian avestan pazend avoiuli bassa vah carian caucasian albanian cirth coelbren coorgi cox alphabet coptic cyrillic serbian early deseret duployan shorthand chinook eclectic shorthand elbasan enochian etruscan formosan fox ii franklin s phonetic fraser gabelsberger shorthand gadabuursi garay alphabet georgian asomtavruli nuskhuri mkhedruli veso bey glagolitic gothic gregg shorthand greek archaic greco iberian alphabet hangul hanifi hurûf ı munfasıla sunuwar kaddare kayah li klingon latin beneventan blackletter carolingian minuscule fraktur gaelic insular ipa kurrent merovingian sigla sütterlin tironian notes visigothic luo lycian lydian manchu medefaidrin mru mundari bani n ko ogham ol chiki old italic old permic orkhon yenisei old hungarian old uyghur mongolian evenki galik alphabet manchu oirat vagindra ol onal osage osmanya pau cin hau phrygian pisidian runic anglo saxon cipher dalecarlian elder futhark younger futhark gothic marcomannic medieval staveless shavian sidetic sorang sompeng sunuwar tifinagh todhri tolong siki vellara visible speech vithkuqi wancho warang citi yezidi zaghawa non linear braille flag semaphore maritime flags moon type new york point fingerspelling telegraph code ideograms adinkra aztec blissymbols dongba ersu shaba emoji isotype kaidā miꞌkmaw mixtec new epoch notation painting nsibidi anishinaabewibii iganan olmec siglas poveiras testerian yerkish zapotec logograms chinese family of scripts chinese characters simplified traditional oracle bone script bronze scripts seal script large small bird worm hanja kanji chữ nôm sawndip bowen chinese influenced jurchen khitan large script sui tangut cuneiform akkadian assyrian elamite hittite luwian sumerian other logosyllabic anatolian bagam cretan isthmian maya proto elamite tenevil wiigwaasabak yi classical logoconsonantal demotic hieratic hieroglyphs numerals hindu arabic abjad attic greek muisca roman other sitelen pona semi syllabaries full linear elamite celtiberian iberian northeastern southeastern khom dunging redundant espanca script pahawh hmong khitan small script southwest paleohispanic bopomofo quốc âm tân tự sign languages aslwrite signwriting si5s stokoe notation syllabaries afaka bamum bété byblos canadian aboriginal cherokee cypriot cypro minoan ditema tsa dinoko eskayan geba great lakes algonquian iban idu kana hiragana katakana man yōgana hentaigana sōgana jindai moji kikakui kpelle linear b linear elamite lisu loma nüshu nwagu aneke script old persian cuneiform sumerian vai woleai yi yugtun v t e braille braille cell 1829 braille international uniformity ascii braille unicode braille patterns braille scripts french ordered albanian cantonese catalan chinese mainland mandarin largely reassigned czech dutch 6 dot 8 dot english unified english esperanto french german ghanaian guarani hawaiian hungarian iñupiaq ipa irish italian latvian lithuanian luxembourgish extended to 8 dot maltese māori navajo nigerian philippine polish portuguese romanian samoan slovak south african spanish taiwanese mandarin largely reassigned turkish azerbaijani vietnamese welsh yugoslav zambian nordic family estonian faroese icelandic scandinavian danish finnish greenlandic northern sámi norwegian swedish russian lineage family i e cyrillic mediated scripts belarusian bulgarian kazakh kyrgyz mongolian russian tatar ukrainian egyptian lineage family i e arabic mediated scripts arabic persian urdu pakistan indian lineage family i e bharati braille devanagari hindi marathi nepali bengali bangla assamese gujarati kannada malayalam odia punjabi sinhala tamil telugu urdu india other scripts amharic armenian burmese dzongkha bhutanese georgian greek hebrew inuktitut reassigned vowels khmer thai and lao japanese vowels tibetan reordered algerian braille obsolete frequency based american braille obsolete independent chinese semi syllabaries cantonese mainland chinese mandarin taiwanese mandarin two cell chinese shuangpin japanese korean eight dot dutch luxembourgish kanji gardner salinas braille codes gs8 symbols in braille braille music canadian currency marks computer braille code gardner salinas braille codes science gs8 gs6 international phonetic alphabet ipa nemeth braille code braille technology braille e book braille embosser braille translator braille watch mountbatten brailler optical braille recognition perforation perkins brailler refreshable braille display slate and stylus braigo people louis braille charles barbier róża czacka valentin haüy harris mowbray thakur vishva narain singh maría del carmen ortiz de arce sabriye tenberken william bell wait organisations braille institute of america braille without borders japan braille library national braille association blindness organizations schools for the blind american printing house for the blind other tactile alphabets decapoint moon type new york point night writing vibratese related topics accessible publishing braille literacy robobraille retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title woleai_script oldid 1332544449 categories syllabary writing systems micronesia obsolete writing systems constructed scripts hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata scripts with iso 15924 four letter codes pages with plain ipa all 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