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le special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 origin and acceptance 2 format toggle format subsection 2 1 etiquette and regulation 2 2 alternative formats 3 function toggle function subsection 3 1 co optation by other industries 3 2 non commercial use 3 2 1 sentiment analysis 3 3 professional development and education 4 in popular culture 5 linguistic analysis 6 see also 7 references 8 external links toggle the table of contents hashtag 63 languages afrikaans العربية azərbaycanca boarisch български भोजपुरी বাংলা català čeština cymraeg dansk deutsch esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français galego עברית hrvatski magyar հայերեն արեւմտահայերէն bahasa indonesia ido íslenska italiano 日本語 ქართული 한국어 кыргызча latviešu македонски मराठी bahasa melayu မြန်မာဘာသာ nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål ирон picard polski português română русский srpskohrvatski српскохрватски slovenčina slovenščina српски srpski svenska ไทย tagalog türkçe татарча tatarça ئۇيغۇرچە uyghurche українська اردو tiếng việt 吴语 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons mediawiki wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia metadata tag prefixed with for other uses see hashtag disambiguation a post tweet on the social network x twitter with several hashtags colored in blue text a hashtag is a metadata tag operator that is prefaced by the hash symbol on social media hashtags are used on microblogging and photo sharing services especially twitter and tumblr as a form of user generated tagging that enables cross referencing of content by topic or theme 1 for example a search within instagram for the hashtag flowers returns all posts that have been tagged with that term after the initial hash symbol a hashtag may include letters numerals or other punctuation 2 the use of hashtags was first proposed by american blogger and product consultant chris messina in a 2007 tweet 3 4 messina made no attempt to patent the use because he felt that they were born of the internet and owned by no one 5 6 hashtags became entrenched in the culture of twitter 7 and soon emerged across instagram facebook and youtube 8 9 in june 2014 hashtag was added to the oxford english dictionary as a word or phrase with the symbol in front of it used on social media websites and apps so that you can search for all messages with the same subject 10 11 origin and acceptance edit chris messina suggested using hashtags on twitter the number sign or hash symbol has long been used in information technology to highlight specific pieces of text in 1970 the number sign was used to denote immediate address mode in the assembly language of the pdp 11 12 when placed next to a symbol or a number and around 1973 was introduced in the c programming language to indicate special keywords that the c preprocessor had to process first 13 the pound sign was adopted for use within irc internet relay chat networks around 1988 to label groups and topics 14 channels or topics that are available across an entire irc network are prefixed with a hash symbol as opposed to those local to a server which uses an ampersand 15 the use of the pound sign in irc inspired 16 chris messina to propose a similar system on twitter to tag topics of interest on the microblogging network 17 he proposed the usage of hashtags on twitter how do you feel about using pound for groups as in barcamp msg chris messina factoryjoe august 23 2007 3 according to messina he suggested use of the hashtag to make it easy for lay users without specialized knowledge of search protocols to find specific relevant content therefore the hashtag was created organically by twitter users as a way to categorize messages 18 the first published use of the term hash tag was in a blog post hash tags twitter groupings by stowe boyd 19 on august 26 2007 according to lexicographer ben zimmer chair of the american dialect society s new words committee sign depicting a timetoact hashtag at a 2014 conference messina s suggestion to use the hashtag was not immediately adopted by twitter but the convention gained popular acceptance when hashtags were used in tweets relating to the 2007 san diego forest fires in southern california 20 21 the hashtag gained international acceptance during the 2009 2010 iranian election protests twitter users used both english and persian language hashtags in communications during the events 22 hashtags have since played critical roles in recent social movements such as jesuischarlie blm 23 and metoo 24 25 beginning july 2 2009 26 twitter began to hyperlink all hashtags in tweets to twitter search results for the hashtagged word and for the standard spelling of commonly misspelled words in 2010 twitter introduced trending topics on the twitter front page displaying hashtags that are rapidly becoming popular and the significance of trending hashtags has become so great that the company makes significant efforts to foil attempts to spam the trending list 27 during the 2010 world cup twitter explicitly encouraged the use of hashtags with the temporary deployment of hashflags which replaced hashtags of three letter country codes with their respective national flags 28 other platforms such as youtube and gawker media followed in officially supporting hashtags 29 and real time search aggregators such as google real time search began supporting hashtags format edit a hashtag must begin with a hash character followed by other characters and is terminated by a space or the end of the line some platforms may require the to be preceded with a space most or all platforms that support hashtags permit the inclusion of letters without diacritics numerals and underscores 2 other characters may be supported on a platform by platform basis some characters such as are generally not supported as they may already serve other search functions 30 hashtags are not case sensitive a search for hashtag will match hashtag as well but the use of embedded capitals i e camelcase increases legibility and improves accessibility languages that do not use word dividers handle hashtags differently in china microblogs sina weibo and tencent weibo use a double hashtag delimited hashname format since the lack of spacing between chinese characters necessitates a closing tag twitter uses a different syntax for chinese characters and orthographies with similar spacing conventions the hashtag contains unspaced characters separated from preceding and following text by spaces e g 我 爱 你 instead of 我 爱你 31 or by zero width non joiner characters before and after the hashtagged element to retain a linguistically natural appearance displaying as unspaced 我 爱 你 but with invisible non joiners delimiting the hashtag 32 etiquette and regulation edit some communities may limit officially or unofficially the number of hashtags permitted on a single post 33 misuse of hashtags can lead to account suspensions twitter warns that adding hashtags to unrelated tweets or repeated use of the same hashtag without adding to a conversation can filter an account from search results or suspend the account 34 individual platforms may deactivate certain hashtags either for being too generic to be useful such as photography on instagram or due to their use to facilitate illegal activities 35 36 alternative formats edit in 2009 stocktwits began using ticker symbols preceded by the dollar sign e g xrx 37 38 in july 2012 twitter began supporting the tag convention and dubbed it the cashtag 39 40 the convention has extended to national currencies and cash app has implemented the cashtag to mark usernames function edit search bar in the header of a social networking site searching for most recent posts containing the hashtag science hashtags are particularly useful in unmoderated forums that lack a formal ontological organization hashtags help users find content similar interest hashtags are neither registered nor controlled by any one user or group of users they do not contain any set definitions meaning that a single hashtag can be used for any number of purposes and that the accepted meaning of a hashtag can change with time hashtags intended for discussion of a particular event tend to use an obscure wording to avoid being caught up with generic conversations on similar subjects such as a cake festival using cakefestival rather than simply cake however this can also make it difficult for topics to become trending topics because people often use different spelling or words to refer to the same topic for topics to trend there must be a consensus whether silent or stated that the hashtag refers to that specific topic hashtags may be used informally to express context around a given message with no intent to categorize the message for later searching sharing or other reasons hashtags may thus serve as a reflexive meta commentary 41 this can help express contextual cues or offer more depth to the information or message that appears with the hashtag my arms are getting darker by the minute toomuchfaketan another function of the hashtag can be used to express personal feelings and emotions for example with it s monday excited sarcasm in which the adjectives are directly indicating the emotions of the speaker 42 verbal use of the word hashtag is sometimes used in informal conversations 43 use may be humorous such as i m hashtag confused 42 by august 2012 use of a hand gesture sometimes called the finger hashtag in which the index and middle finger of both hands are extended and arranged perpendicularly to form the hash was documented 44 45 co optation by other industries edit companies businesses and advocacy organizations have taken advantage of hashtag based discussions for promotion of their products services or campaigns in the early 2010s some television broadcasters began to employ hashtags related to programs in digital on screen graphics to encourage viewers to participate in a backchannel of discussion via social media prior to during or after the program 46 television commercials have sometimes contained hashtags for similar purposes 47 the increased usage of hashtags as brand promotion devices has been compared to the promotion of branded keywords by aol in the late 1990s and early 2000s as such keywords were also promoted at the end of television commercials and series episodes 48 organized real world events have used hashtags and ad hoc lists for discussion and promotion among participants hashtags are used as beacons by event participants to find each other both on twitter and in many cases during actual physical events since the 2012 13 season the nba has allowed fans to vote players in as all star game starters on twitter and facebook using nbavote 49 hashtag centered biomedical twitter campaigns have shown to increase the reach promotion and visibility of healthcare related open innovation platforms 50 non commercial use edit stencil graffiti promoting the hashtag occupyforrights political protests and campaigns in the early 2010s such as occupywallstreet and libyafeb17 have been organized around hashtags or have made extensive usage of hashtags for the promotion of discussion hashtags are frequently employed to either show support or opposition towards political figures for example the hashtag makeamericagreatagain signifies support for trump whereas disinfectantdonnie expresses ridicule of trump 51 hashtags have also been used to promote official events the finnish ministry of foreign affairs officially titled the 2018 russia united states summit as the helsinki2018 meeting 52 hashtags have been used to gather customer criticism of large companies in january 2012 mcdonald s created the mcdstories hashtag so that customers could share positive experiences about the restaurant chain but the marketing effort was cancelled after two hours when critical tweets outnumbered praising ones 53 the rise of hashtag activism in 2017 the metoo hashtag became viral in response to the sexual harassment accusations against harvey weinstein the use of this hashtag can be considered part of hashtag activism spreading awareness across eighty five different countries with more than seventeen million tweets using the hashtag metoo this hashtag was not only used to spread awareness of accusations regarding harvey weinstein but allowed different women to share their experiences of sexual violence using this hashtag birthed multiple different hashtags in connection to metoo to encourage more women to share their stories resulting in further spread of the phenomenon of hashtag activism the use of hashtags especially in this case allowed for better and easier access to search for content related to this social media movement 54 sentiment analysis edit the use of hashtags also reveals what feelings or sentiment an author attaches to a statement this can range from the obvious where a hashtag directly describes the state of mind to the less obvious for example words in hashtags are the strongest predictor of whether or not a statement is sarcastic 55 a difficult ai problem 56 professional development and education edit hashtags play an important role for employees and students in professional fields and education in industry individuals engagement with a hashtags can provide opportunities for them develop and gain some professional knowledge in their fields 57 in education research on language teachers who engaged in the mfltwitterati hashtag demonstrates the uses of hashtags for creating community and sharing teaching resources the majority of participants reported positive impact on their teaching strategies as inspired by many ideas shared by different individuals in the hashtag 58 emerging research in communication and learning demonstrates how hashtag practices influence the teaching and development of students an analysis of eight studies examined the use of hashtags in k 12 classrooms and found significant results these results indicated that hashtags assisted students in voicing their opinions in addition hashtags also helped students understand self organisation and the concept of space beyond place clarification needed 59 related research demonstrated how high school students engagement with hashtag communication practices allowed them to develop story telling skills and cultural awareness 60 for young people at risk of poverty and social exclusion during the covid 19 pandemic instagram hashtags were shown in a 2022 article to foster scientific education and promote remote learning 61 in popular culture edit two young men displaying the hashtag hand gesture during ...
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