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aortic rupture wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 signs and symptoms 2 causes 3 mechanism 4 diagnosis toggle diagnosis subsection 4 1 differential diagnosis 5 prevention 6 treatment 7 prognosis 8 references toggle the table of contents aortic rupture 15 languages العربية español فارسی français ghanaian pidgin magyar bahasa indonesia italiano ଓଡ଼ିଆ português русский simple english türkçe tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia breakage of the aorta not to be confused with aortic dissection medical condition aortic rupture aorta segments with thoracic aorta in area marked in green specialty vascular surgery cardiology emergency medicine symptoms abdominal pain flank pain or back pain complications shock anemia usual onset acute causes ruptured aortic aneurysm trauma treatment surgical repair prognosis poor deaths up to 90 of cases aortic rupture is the breakage of all walls of the aorta the largest artery in the body aortic rupture is a rare extremely dangerous condition that is considered a medical emergency 1 the most common cause is an abdominal aortic aneurysm that has ruptured spontaneously aortic rupture is distinct from aortic dissection which is a tear through the inner wall of the aorta that can block the flow of blood through the aorta to the heart or abdominal organs an aortic rupture can be classified according to its cause into one of the following main types traumatic aortic rupture aortic rupture secondary to an aortic aneurysm 2 signs and symptoms edit patients with an aortic rupture typically present with a sudden onset of severe pain in ruptures involving the thoracic aorta patients often experience acute chest pain that may radiate to the back whereas involvement of the abdominal aorta more frequently results in pain localized to the abdomen flank or lower back the rapid blood loss can lead to signs of shock such as low blood pressure rapid heartbeat pallor and even loss of consciousness because the clinical presentation may overlap with other vascular emergencies such as aortic dissection timely diagnosis using imaging modalities e g computed tomography is critical to initiate appropriate management 3 causes edit aortic rupture may result from several distinct etiologies the most common mechanism involves the spontaneous rupture of an aneurysmal aorta for example weakening of the vessel wall due to an abdominal aortic aneurysm or thoracic aortic aneurysm can ultimately lead to rupture under elevated intraluminal pressure in addition aortic rupture may occur following blunt trauma as seen in traumatic aortic rupture where high energy impacts from vehicle collisions or significant falls produce differential deceleration forces that tear the aortic wall on rare occasions iatrogenic injury during medical or surgical procedures can also precipitate aortic rupture 4 mechanism edit this section is empty you can help by adding to it july 2024 diagnosis edit this section needs expansion you can help by adding missing information october 2024 diagnosis of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm raaa is challenging with a wrong diagnosis occurring in between 32 and 42 of cases such errors further increase the mortality risk due to incorrect first response and treatment in cases of misdiagnosis aortic rupture is often mistaken for ureteric colic and myocardial infarction mi 4 differential diagnosis edit the primary differential diagnoses include cardiogenic shock pleural effusion pulmonary embolism myocarditis myocardial infarction 5 but may also encompass acute gastritis appendicitis diverticulitis gallstones peptic ulcer disease and urinary tract infection as well 1 prevention edit further information aortic aneurysms prevention this involves 2 main strategies managing lifestyle risks to prevent an aneurysm from forming or growing and medical screening to catch potential issues before they become emergent 6 7 8 lifestyle risks include tobacco use is the single strongest risk factor for aortic rupture 6 blood pressure management hypertension is a significant risk factor 7 weightlifting caution extremely heavy and strained weightlifting can trigger a rupture in a weakened aorta 9 not using a seatbelt 10 who should be screened people aged 65 75 who have ever smoked 11 people with a family history especially if it s a first degree relative 12 people with genetic factors such as marfan syndrome ehlers danlos or having a bicuspid aortic valve 13 medical interventions aspirin and statins manage cholesterol and prevent atherosclerosis hardening of the arteries which can lead to many aortic issues 14 beta blockers these can slow the heart rate and reduce the impact force on the aortic wall 15 treatment edit treatments range according to the severity of the condition from monitoring to emergency surgical repair 16 treatments include monitoring medication surgery endovascular aortic repair evar tevar 17 open surgical repair 18 emergent treatment blood pressure control with iv medications to drop blood pressure to the lowest safety level 19 emergency surgery an emergency evar or open repair 20 prognosis edit an aortic rupture is a catastrophic medical emergency people rarely survive such an injury mortality from aortic rupture is up to 90 65 75 of patients die before they arrive at the hospital and up to 90 die before they reach the operating room 21 in non emergent cases the survival rate is over 95 for an emergent ruptured aorta it is between 50 70 16 references edit 1 2 jeanmonod donald yelamanchili varun s jeanmonod rebecca 2024 abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture statpearls treasure island fl statpearls publishing pmid 29083705 retrieved 2024 10 25 ruptured aortic aneurysm at patient uk original author laurence knott current version gurvinder rull peer reviewer hannah gronow last checked 16 05 2012 jeanmonod d yelamanchili v s jeanmonod r 2024 abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture in statpearls statpearls publishing 1 2 azhar bilal patel shaneel r holt peter j e hinchliffe robert j thompson matt m karthikesalingam alan august 2014 misdiagnosis of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm systematic review and meta analysis journal of endovascular therapy 21 4 568 575 doi 10 1583 13 4626mr 1 issn 1526 6028 pmid 25101588 aortic dissection differential diagnoses emedicine medscape com retrieved 2024 10 25 1 2 abdominal aortic aneurysm symptoms and causes mayo clinic retrieved 2025 12 17 1 2 what is aortic dissection cleveland clinic archived from the original on 2025 09 18 retrieved 2025 12 17 preventing aortic dissection nyulangone org retrieved 2025 12 17 aortic dissection aortic dissection symptoms causes mayo clinic retrieved 2025 12 17 preventing aortic dissection nyulangone org retrieved 2025 12 17 abdominal aneurysm screening guidelines 8 essential points for 2025 2025 11 04 retrieved 2025 12 17 10 tips to help reduce your risk of an aortic aneurysm this valentine s day bangkok heart hospital 2025 12 11 retrieved 2025 12 17 aortic dissection cleveland clinic retrieved 17 december 2025 living with aortic aneurysm mass general brigham www massgeneralbrigham org retrieved 2025 12 18 levy david sharma sanjeev farci fabiola le jacqueline k 2025 aortic dissection statpearls treasure island fl statpearls publishing pmid 28722992 retrieved 2025 12 18 1 2 thoracic aortic aneurysm diagnosis and treatment mayo clinic www mayoclinic org retrieved 2025 12 18 endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm johns hopkins medicine retrieved 18 december 2025 sidik abubakar i dontsov vladislav v khavandeev maxim l esion grigorii a karpenko ivan g sobolev dmitriy hossain limon ilyas shafii abdulmajid derrar ahlam najneen farjana ak gulten ghosh debraj parera oralee bonifacio 2025 10 06 open vs endovascular aortic repair guidelines and real world outcomes cor et vasa 67 4 493 504 doi 10 33678 cor 2025 065 isselbacher eric m preventza ourania hamilton black james augoustides john g beck adam w bolen michael a braverman alan c bray bruce e brown zimmerman maya m chen edward p collins tyrone j deanda abe fanola christina l girardi leonard n hicks caitlin w 2022 12 13 2022 acc aha guideline for the diagnosis and management of aortic disease a report of the american heart association american college of cardiology joint committee on clinical practice guidelines circulation 146 24 e334 e482 doi 10 1161 cir 0000000000001106 issn 1524 4539 pmc 9876736 pmid 36322642 thoracic aortic aneurysm diagnosis and treatment mayo clinic www mayoclinic org retrieved 2025 12 18 brown lc powell jt september 1999 risk factors for aneurysm rupture in patients kept under ultrasound surveillance uk small aneurysm trial participants annals of surgery 230 3 289 96 discussion 296 7 doi 10 1097 00000658 199909000 00002 pmc 1420874 pmid 10493476 v t e cardiovascular disease vessels arteries arterioles and capillaries inflammation arteritis aortitis buerger s disease arteriosclerosis atherosclerosis foam cell fatty streak atheroma cholesterol ldl oxycholesterol trans fat monckeberg s arteriosclerosis hyaline arteriolosclerosis hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis peripheral artery disease stenosis carotid artery stenosis renal artery stenosis aortoiliac occlusive disease critical limb ischemia degos disease erythromelalgia fibromuscular dysplasia hepatic artery thrombosis intermittent claudication raynaud s phenomenon aneurysm dissection pseudoaneurysm torso aortic aneurysm abdominal aortic aneurysm thoracic aortic aneurysm aneurysm of sinus of valsalva aortic dissection aortic rupture coronary artery aneurysm head neck intracranial aneurysm intracranial berry aneurysm carotid artery dissection vertebral artery dissection familial aortic dissection legs popliteal artery aneurysm vascular malformation arteriovenous fistula arteriovenous malformation telangiectasia hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia generalized essential telangiectasia vascular nevus cherry hemangioma halo nevus spider angioma veins inflammation phlebitis venous thrombosis thrombophlebitis primarily lower limb deep vein thrombosis abdomen hepatic veno occlusive disease budd chiari syndrome may thurner syndrome portal vein thrombosis renal vein thrombosis upper limb torso mondor s disease paget schroetter disease pulmonary embolism head cerebral venous sinus thrombosis post thrombotic syndrome varicose veins gastric varices portacaval anastomosis caput medusae esophageal varices hemorrhoid varicocele other chronic venous insufficiency chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency superior vena cava syndrome inferior vena cava syndrome venous ulcer arteries or veins angiopathy macroangiopathy microangiopathy embolism pulmonary embolism cholesterol embolism paradoxical embolism thrombosis vasculitis blood pressure hypertension hypertensive heart disease hypertensive emergency hypertensive nephropathy essential hypertension secondary hypertension renovascular hypertension benign hypertension pulmonary hypertension systolic hypertension white coat hypertension hypotension orthostatic hypotension shock circulatory authority control databases national czech republic retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title aortic_rupture oldid 1370771897 category diseases of the aorta hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles to be expanded from july 2024 all articles to be expanded articles with empty sections from july 2024 all articles with empty sections articles to be expanded from october 2024 this page was last edited on 23 august 2026 at 01 02 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents aortic rupture 15 languages add topic
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