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ory 159 160 truss also oversaw the worst polling the conservatives had ever received with labour polling as high as 36 per cent above the conservatives amidst the crisis 161 on 24 october 2022 rishi sunak was declared leader the first british asian leader of the conservatives and the first british asian prime minister on 22 may 2024 sunak announced a general election to be held on 4 july 2024 162 during the 2024 general election public opinion in favour of a change in government was reflected by poor polling from the conservative party with reform uk making strong polling gains 163 the conservative manifesto focused on the economy taxes welfare expanding free childcare education healthcare environment energy transport and crime 164 165 it pledged to lower taxes increase education and nhs spending deliver 92 000 more nurses and 28 000 more doctors introduce a new model of national service and to treble britain s offshore wind capacity and support solar energy 166 167 the final result was the lowest seat total at a general election in the history of the conservative party with well below the previous record low of 156 seats won at the 1906 general election 168 sunak resigned as prime minister and the conservative party is ousted from the government 2024 present in opposition kemi badenoch became party leader leading the conservatives in opposition 169 as reform uk surged and topped the opinion polls the conservatives faced a number of defections of mps including former home secretary suella braverman and shadow justice secretary robert jenrick in august 2026 a man who was jailed over his neo nazi activism was selected as a conservative party local election candidate for 2027 170 the candidate later withdrew his candidacy 171 172 he was later appointed as an advisor by the party 173 policies economic policy part of a series on conservatism in the united kingdom ideologies burkean civic compassionate green independent liberal classical muscular neo one nation powellism pragmatic progressive toryism hanoverian high red socialist ultra thatcherism principles anglo saxonism anti transgender british unionism british national identity dignity euroscepticism factions familialism imperialism loyalism meritocracy monarchism nobility noblesse oblige ordered liberty nationalism english northern irish patriotism pro europeanism factions protectionism royalism social market economy social stratification sovereignty state church stewardship victorian morality history cavalier stuart restoration tories jacobitism loyal brotherhood cocoa tree club 1794 treason trials old whigs corn laws oxford movement young england neo jacobite revival new right wets and dries brexit intellectuals bagehot blond burke carlyle coleridge conquest dalrymple dawson eliot elton ferguson gibbon gray hayek hulme hume johnson paul johnson samuel kipling kedourie lawrence ludovici more newman oakeshott michael quinton ruskin scott scruton southey trueman waugh wordsworth politicians badenoch baldwin balfour bolingbroke braverman burke butler cameron canning cazalet chamberlain churchill clarke cowling disraeli farage goldsmith gove hannan hayes hogg howard jenrick johnson boris joseph leigh liverpool lowe macmillan major may osborne peel pitt portillo powell redwood rees mogg ridley nicholas salisbury tebbit thatcher wellesley whittle willetts commentators amis benjamin bowden burton clarkson cohen forsyth frederick goodwin hanbury tracy hitchens johnson paul kisin liddle lunn moore morgan murray nelson oakeshott isabel o sullivan pearce perry pirie ridley matt roberts smith starkey sullivan turner watson welch west worsthorne young literature reflections on the revolution in france 1790 tamworth manifesto 1834 on heroes 1841 coningsby 1844 sybil 1845 culture and anarchy 1867 68 orthodoxy 1908 the servile state 1912 the whig interpretation of history 1931 the abolition of man 1943 the left was never right 1945 rivers of blood 1968 our culture what s left of it 2005 the rage against god 2010 the great degeneration 2013 how to be a conservative 2014 conservatism 2017 the strange death of europe 2017 parties active alliance epp christian party christian peoples alliance conservative party common sense group conservative future defunct young conservatives democratic unionist party heritage party reform uk restore britain traditional unionist voice uk independence party ulster unionist party workers party of britain defunct for britain movement tories veterans and people s party activists booth smith bowden forsyth james goldsmith hitchens keen minshull littlewood marshall montgomerie murray payne shawcross stroud sullivan worsthorne organisations active centre for policy studies policy exchange bright blue blue collar conservativism cornerstone group csc european research group the freedom association henry jackson society iea lgb alliance one nation conservatives orange order tory reform group traditional britain group turning point uk defunct conservative democratic alliance monday club right book club social affairs unit western goals institute media anti jacobin review defunct conservativehome the critic daily express daily mail the daily sceptic the daily telegraph gb news the mail on sunday the salisbury review the spectator the sun the sun on sunday the sunday times talk the times unherd related antidisestablishmentarianism blue labour cambridge analytica constructive conservatism list of british conservatives merry england o sullivan s first law philosophy of thomas carlyle politics of the united kingdom anarchism extremism left right liberalism libertarianism socialism remigration social democratic party uk 1990 present conservatism portal united kingdom portal v t e part of a series on unionism in the united kingdom principles anti devolution british nationalism britishness integrationism loyalism ulster monarchism royalism status quo factions history acts of union 1707 acts of union 1800 home rule crisis partition of ireland the troubles good friday agreement devolution 2014 scottish independence referendum people cameron carson craig davidson foster paisley thatcher trimble parties great britain active british democratic party britain first british national party christian party conservative party northern ireland scottish welsh heritage party labour party scottish welsh liberal democrats english scottish welsh reform uk uk independence party defunct for britain movement tories veterans and people s party whigs parties countries northern ireland active democratic unionist party progressive unionist party traditional unionist voice ulster unionist party northern ireland defunct protestant coalition protestant unionist party ulster democratic party ulster protestant action united ulster unionist party vanguard unionist progressive party scotland scottish unionist party wales abolish the welsh assembly party socialist party organisations apprentice boys of derry better together orange order scotland in union ulster defence association ulster political research group by region england ireland scotland wales related topics conservatism in the united kingdom ulster nationalism ulster scots people west lothian question separatism in the united kingdom conservatism portal united kingdom portal northern ireland portal v t e the conservative party believes that a free market and individual achievement are the primary factors behind economic prosperity a leading economic theory advocated by conservatives is supply side economics which holds that reduced income tax rates increase growth and enterprise although a reduction in the budget deficit has sometimes taken priority over cutting taxes 174 the party focuses on the social market economy promoting a free market for competition with social balance to create fairness this has included education reform vocational skills reform expanding free childcare curbs on the banking sector enterprise zones to revive regions in britain and grand and extensive infrastructure projects such as high speed rail 175 176 one concrete economic policy of recent years has been opposition to the european single currency the euro with the growing euroscepticism within his party john major negotiated a british opt out in the 1992 maastricht treaty which enabled the uk to stay within the european union without adopting the single currency all subsequent conservative leaders have positioned the party firmly against the adoption of the euro the 50 top rate of income tax was reduced to 45 by the conservative liberal democrat coalition 177 alongside a reduction in tax and commitments to keep taxation low the conservative party has significantly reduced government spending through the austerity programme which commenced in 2010 subsequent to the 2008 financial crisis in 2019 and during the election campaign that year boris johnson signalled an end to austerity with increased public expenditure in areas including healthcare education transport welfare and the police 178 179 jobs and welfare policy one of the conservatives key policy goals in 2010 was to reduce the number of people unemployed and increase the number of people in the workforce by strengthening apprenticeships skills and job training 180 between 2010 and 2014 all claimants of incapacity benefit were moved onto a new benefit scheme employment and support allowance which was then subsumed into the universal credit system alongside other welfare benefits in 2018 181 182 183 the universal credit system came under immense scrutiny following its introduction shortly after her appointment to the department for work and pensions the then secretary of state amber rudd acknowledged there were real problems with the universal credit system especially the wait times for initial payments and the housing payments aspect of the combined benefits 184 rudd pledged specifically to review and address the uneven impact of universal credit implementation on economically disadvantaged women which had been the subject of numerous reports by the radio 4 you and yours programme and others 184 until 1999 conservatives opposed the creation of a national minimum wage as they believed it would cost jobs and businesses would be reluctant to start business in the uk from fear of high labour costs 185 however the party have since pledged support and in the july 2015 budget chancellor george osborne announced a national living wage of 9 hour 186 the national minimum wage in 2024 was 11 44 for those over 21 187 the party support and have implemented the restoration of the link between pensions and earnings and seek to raise retirement age from 65 to 67 by 2028 188 transport and infrastructure policy the conservatives have invested in public transport and infrastructure aimed to promoting economic growth 189 this has included rail including high speed rail electric vehicles bus networks and active transport 190 in 2020 new funding for active travel infrastructure was announced by the conservatives 191 the party s stated aim was for england to be a great walking and cycling nation and for half of all journeys in towns and cities being walked or cycled by 2030 the plan was accompanied by 2 billion in additional funding over the following five years for cycling and walking the plan also introduced new inspectorate known as active travel england 192 193 in 2021 the conservatives announced a white paper that would transform the operation of the railways the rail network will be partly renationalised with infrastructure and operations brought together under the state owned public body great british railways 194 on 18 november 2021 the government announced the biggest ever public investment in britain s rail network costing 96 billion and promising quicker and more frequent rail connections in the north and midlands the integrated rail plan includes substantially improved connections north south as well as east west and includes three new high speed lines 195 196 energy and climate change policy david cameron brought several green issues to the forefront of his 2010 campaign these included proposals designed to impose a tax on workplace car parking spaces a halt to airport growth a tax on cars with exceptionally poor petrol mileage and restrictions on car advertising many of these policies were implemented in the coalition including the green deal 197 a law was passed in 2019 that uk greenhouse gas emissions will be net zero by 2050 198 the uk was the first major economy to embrace a legal obligation to achieve net zero carbon emissions 199 in 2019 the conservatives became the first national government in the world to officially declare a climate emergency second in the uk after the snp 198 in november 2020 the conservatives announced a 10 point plan for a green industrial revolution with green enterprises an end to the sale of petrol and diesel cars quadruple the amount of offshore wind power capacity within a decade fund a variety of emissions cutting proposals and spurn a proposed green post covid 19 recovery 200 in april 2021 the conservatives announced plans to cut carbon emissions by 78 by 2035 201 in september 2025 the party announced that it would get rid of all net zero requirements on oil and gas companies drilling in the north sea if elected and focus solely on maximising extraction to get all of the oil and gas out of the north sea 202 in october 2025 the party stated it wants to scrap the climate change act 2008 the uk s landmark climate change legislation which commits the uk to cutting carbon emissions by 80 by 2050 203 204 205 social policy conservative party supporters at pride london in 2010 socially conservative policies such as tax incentives for married couples may have played a role in the party s electoral decline in the 1990s and early 2000s and so the party has attempted to seek a new direction as part of their coalition with the liberal democrats the conservative government did support the introduction of equal marriage rights for lgbt individuals in 2010 though 139 conservative mps a majority voted against the 2013 same sex marriage act thus the extent to which this policy represented a more liberal conservative party has been challenged 212 since 1997 debate has occurred within the party between modernisers such as alan duncan 213 who believe that the conservatives should modify their public stances on social issues and traditionalists such as liam fox 214 215 and owen paterson 216 who believe that the party should remain faithful to its traditional conservative platform in the previous parliament modernising forces were represented by mps such as neil o brien who has argued that the party needs to renew its policies and image and is said to be inspired by macron s centrist politics 217 ruth davidson is also seen as a reforming figure many of the original traditionalists remain influential though duncan smith s influence in terms of commons contributions has waned 218 the party has strongly...
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