Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
sun, 2012, qiangic, languages, contents, classification, obsolete, names, distribution, see, also, references, bibliography, external, links, 1983, matisoff, 2004, thurgood, and, la, polla, 2003, 2001, jacques, michaud, 2011, chirkova, yu,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (73), qiangic (52), and (49), #languages (45), qiang (28), tibeto (18), edit (18), burman (17), tibetan (16), language (16), sun (16), northern (13), southern (12), shixing (11), from (10), pumi (10), muya (10), tangut (10), naic (10), are (10), proto (10), 2012 (10), links (9), ersuic (9), namuyi (9), that (9), hongkai (9), china (9), linguistics (9), branch (9), may (8), with (8), also (8), sino (8), pdf (8), matisoff (8), 2004 (8), not (8), wikipedia (7), retrieved (7), zhaba (7), ersu (7), chinese (7), 2011 (7), classification (7), chirkova (7), jacques (7), watershed (7), org (6), branches (6), burmese (6), sichuan (6), for (6), 2018 (6), people (6), guiqiong (6), page (5), external (5), chamdo (5), gyalrongic (5), naish (5), lolo (5), area (5), 1983 (5), yunnan (5), archived (5), michaud (5), three (5), 2021 (5), asiaharvest (5), river (5), spoken (5), jiarongic (5), other (5), group (5), prinmi (5), contents (4), search (4), this (4), articles (4), dead (4), choyo (4), horpa (4), east (4), naxi (4), min (4), western (4), university (4), berkeley (4), miyake (4), marc (4), bradley (4), 2001 (4), xiangcheng (4), watersheds (4), brightening (4), kyoto (4), ergong (4), but (4), some (4), namuzi (4), related (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), toggle (3), view (3), site (3), non (3), was (3), wayback (3), extinct (3), west (3), tosu (3), lizu (3), naga (3), burmo (3), social (3), sciences (3), academy (3), nationality (3), ethnic (3), 2015 (3), david (3), south (3), original (3), subgroup (3), 2008 (3), position (3), guillaume (3), november (3), 2013 (3), bolozi (3), 2023 (3), family (3), garzê (3), prefecture (3), including (3), 博罗子 (3), baima (3), following (3), distribution (3), minyak (3), dzorgaic (3), names (3), core (3), both (3), classified (3), part (3), lavrung (3), eastern (3), groups (3), 000 (3), thurgood (3), polla (3), 2003 (3), tools (3), main (3), table (2), contact (2), about (2), privacy (2), policy (2), additional (2), terms (2), short (2), description (2), wikidata (2), italics (2), drag (2), yab (2), larong (2), lamo (2), zbu (2), tshobdun (2), japhug (2), situ (2), laze (2), single (2), considered (2), separate (2), hakka (2), karenic (2), loloish (2), bai (2), kuki (2), chin (2), central (2), proposed (2), magaric (2), nam (2), bodish (2), 孙宏开 (2), 2016 (2), beijing (2), press (2), isbn (2), english (2), california (2), six (2), valleys (2), their (2), 273 (2), written (2), minzuxuebao (2), what (2), 1997 (2), bibliography (2), vol (2), machine (2), such (2), katia (2), alexis (2), historical (2), ming (2), nov (2), permanent (2), link (2), within (2), evidence (2), james (2), place (2), xixia (2), les (2), proceedings (2), 51st (2), international (2), conference (2), introduction (2), tar (2), suzuki (2), hiroyuki (2), relationship (2), tibetic (2), references (2), autonomous (2), ngawa (2), systems (2), see (2), jinsha (2), yalong (2), dadu (2), jialing (2), mainly (2), has (2), used (2), since (2), outside (2), obsolete (2), notes (2), forms (2), together (2), however (2), four (2), rgyalrongic (2), queyu (2), ersuish (2), which (2), township (2), wenchuan (2), county (2), known (2), unclassified (2), inclusion (2), well (2), they (2), speakers (2), map (2), tibet (2), rmaic (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), history (2), read (2), article (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, legal, safety, contacts, disclaimers, text, available, under, apply, using, you, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, wikimedia, foundation, inc, use, creative, commons, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, june, 2026, utc, hidden, categories, permanently, july, 2025, all, webarchive, template, matches, category, https, index, php, title, qiangic_languages, oldid, 1361722100, cross, indicate, khroskyabs, indicates, kanauri, rung, mahakiranti, macro, groupings, bailang, taman, pyu, hkongso, mru, mruic, miju, karbi, lepcha, lhokpu, toto, dhimal, dhimalish, kiranti, baram, thangmi, newar, newaric, tamangic, himalayish, kathu, gong, nungish, tujia, tani, puroik, kho, bwa, ʼole, gongduk, jingpho, luish, konyak, boro, garo, sal, zeliangrong, tangkhulic, meitei, angami, pochuri, tandrange, dura, raji, raute, bhujel, chepang, chepangic, kham, magar, greater, mondzish, zaiwa, lashi, lhao, achang, tavoyan, rakhine, danu, intha, standard, burmish, basum, tshangla, jirel, sherpa, kyirong, kagate, lahuli, spiti, ladakhi, balti, dzongkha, khams, amdo, luren, longjia, caijia, cai, long, pinghua, jin, xiang, gan, hui, yue, mandarin, sinitic, french, culture, web, 藏缅语族羌语支研究, 中国社会科学出版社, 9787516176566, zangmian, yuzu, yuzhi, yanjiu, institute, studies, 1990, translation, academia, sinica, jackson, archive, corridor, danger, head, hypothesis, nasal, codas, clues, stratification, loanwords, ronghong, origin, uvularization, canberra, pacific, papers, asian, himalayas, 1992, barley, 170, 133, areal, perspective, case, study, muli, 468, 498, diachronica, approaching, phonology, highly, eroded, sūn, hóngkāi, 論藏緬語族中的羌語支語言, lùn, zàng, miǎn, yǔzú, zhōng, qiāngyǔzhī, yǔyán, 157, 181, 八江流域的藏缅语, eight, báimǎ, lubotsky, eds, counter, dominic, dissertation, department, guillaumes, journées, études, sur, langues, zhao, haoliang, brief, zlarong, newly, recognized, mdzo, sgang, tashi, nyima, among, paris, lacito, 694, 978, 490768, derived, old, tournadre, nicolas, writing, yangtze, 雅砻江, 金沙江, 大渡河, 嘉陵江, 金沙江流域, 雅砻江流域, 大渡河流域, 岷江流域, boluozi, upper, 嘉陵江上游地区, northwestern, provinces, lists, riverine, respective, there, xifan, name, meaning, essentially, speak, jiarong, moso, term, been, much, surveys, 1980s, resulted, sufficient, data, hsi, fan, when, included, distinct, label, proper, shafer, 1955, accounts, iang, preserve, turn, century, first, were, mantse, dzorgai, kortsè, thochu, outer, man, tze, pingfang, 218, share, found, result, closer, than, could, form, wider, north, would, valid, genetic, unit, scheme, casts, doubt, validity, coherent, instead, considering, diffusion, she, considers, stodsde, rtau, njorogs, thugsrjechenmo, rgyalrongish, mosuo, argue, itself, comprises, primary, naxish, similarly, includes, burmic, addressed, ndrapa, 纳木依, 拉乌戎, rgyalrong, follows, around, mixed, mao, xiao, heshui, village, 小河水村, far, 汶川乡, identifies, variety, belonging, cimulin, 茨木林, dialect, songpan, 玻璃哦子, lesser, peoples, include, state, supported, follow, argument, claims, demonstrates, clear, retain, substratum, after, shifted, describes, typical, sound, change, many, refers, vowel, heightening, defining, innovation, reconstructed, ancestor, gyarung, states, varieties, low, intelligibility, poorly, described, táopíng, attested, 1036, 1502, minyag, máwō, proposes, two, speaking, region, maroon, closely, linguists, undeciphered, possibly, xia, variously, republic, mongol, nakhi, 羌語支, formerly, most, distributed, liangshan, prefectures, southwest, chʻiang, kyang, tsiang, green, qian1263, naqi1236, glottolog, codes, subdivisions, linguistic, geographic, free, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, download, print, export, switch, legacy, parser, get, shortened, url, cite, information, here, general, actions, talk, tiếng, việt, ไทย, русский, português, norsk, bokmål, မြန်မာဘာသာ, македонски, 한국어, 日本語, hrvatski, galego, français, español, deutsch, کوردی, brezhoneg, subsection, top, personal, special, pages, recent, community, portal, learn, help, contribute, random, current, events, navigation, jump, content,
Text of the page (random words):
qiangic languages wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 classification toggle classification subsection 1 1 sun 1983 1 2 matisoff 2004 1 3 thurgood and la polla 2003 1 4 sun 2001 1 5 jacques michaud 2011 1 6 chirkova 2012 1 7 yu 2012 2 obsolete names 3 distribution 4 see also 5 references 6 bibliography 7 external links toggle the table of contents qiangic languages 18 languages brezhoneg کوردی deutsch español français galego hrvatski 日本語 한국어 македонски မြန်မာဘာသာ norsk bokmål português русский ไทย tiếng việt 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia language family qiangic rmaic geographic distribution china linguistic classification sino tibetan tibeto burman burmo qiangic qiangic subdivisions prinmi baima qiang gyalrongic choyo zhaba guiqiong muya ersuic naic language codes glottolog naqi1236 na qiangic qian1263 qiangic map of eastern tibet qiangic languages are spoken in the green area qiangic chʻiang kyang tsiang chinese 羌語支 qiang language group also rmaic 1 formerly known as dzorgaic is a group of related languages within the sino tibetan language family they are spoken mainly in southwest china including sichuan and northern yunnan most qiangic languages are distributed in the prefectures of ngawa garzê ya an and liangshan in sichuan with some in northern yunnan as well qiangic speakers are variously classified as part of the qiang tibetan pumi nakhi and mongol ethnic groups by the people s republic of china the extinct tangut language of the western xia is classified as qiangic by some linguists including matisoff 2004 2 and guillaume jacques the undeciphered nam language of china may possibly be related to qiangic lamo larong and drag yab or the chamdo languages a group of three closely related sino tibetan languages spoken in chamdo eastern tibet may or may not be qiangic 3 4 5 classification edit map of the tibeto burman languages qiangic speaking region is the maroon area in the east sun 1983 edit sun hongkai 1983 6 proposes two branches northern and southern qiangic northern northern qiang máwō pumi prinmi muya minyag tangut extinct attested 1036 1502 southern southern qiang táopíng sun groups other poorly described qiangic languages as ersu tosu shixing namuzi namuyi guiqiong 2 3 varieties with low intelligibility zhaba queyu matisoff 2004 edit matisoff 2004 2 states that jiarongic is an additional branch jiarongic gyarung lavrung horpa ergong matisoff 2004 describes proto tibeto burman a i as a typical sound change in many qiangic languages and refers to this vowel heightening as brightening yu 2012 7 also notes that brightening is a defining innovation in proto ersuic the reconstructed ancestor of the ersuic languages thurgood and la polla 2003 edit thurgood and la polla 2003 state that the inclusion of qiang prinmi and muya is well supported but that they do not follow sun s argument for the inclusion of tangut matisoff 2004 however claims tangut demonstrates a clear relationship 8 the unclassified language baima may also be qiangic or may retain a qiangic substratum after speakers shifted to tibetan 9 some other lesser known unclassified qiangic peoples and languages include the following 10 bolozi 玻璃哦子 博罗子 2 000 people in xiao heshui village 小河水村 west of songpan also as far south as wenchuan township 汶川乡 11 sun hongkai 2013 80 82 12 identifies bolozi 博罗子 as a northern qiang variety belonging to the cimulin 茨木林 dialect ming 命 10 000 people mixed chinese in mao county and wenchuan county sichuan 13 xiangcheng 乡城 10 000 people in and around xiangcheng township 乡城 garzê prefecture 14 15 sun 2001 edit sun hongkai 2001 16 groups the qiangic languages as follows qiangic northern tangut 西夏 qiang qiang 羌 northern and southern prinmi 普米 minyak 木雅 rgyalrongic rgyalrong 嘉绒 ergong 尔龚 lavrung 拉乌戎 southern ersu 尔苏 guiqiong 贵琼 shixing 史兴 namuyi 纳木依 choyo 却隅 ndrapa 扎巴 jacques michaud 2011 edit guillaume jacques alexis michaud 2011 17 argue for a na qiangic branch which itself forms a burmo qiangic branch together with lolo burmese na qiangic comprises three primary branches which are ersuish or ersuic naic or naxish and core qiangic similarly david bradley 2008 18 also proposed an eastern tibeto burman branch that includes burmic a k a lolo burmese and qiangic the position of guiqiong is not addressed na qiangic ersuish ersu lizu tosu naic namuyi shixing naish naxi na mosuo laze qiangic queyu zhaba tangut pumi northern pumi southern pumi muya northern muya southern muya qiang northern qiang southern qiang rgyalrongic rgyalrongish situ japhug tshobdun zbu lavrung thugsrjechenmo njorogs horpa rtau stodsde chirkova 2012 edit however chirkova 2012 casts doubt on the validity of qiangic as a coherent branch instead considering qiangic to be a diffusion area she considers the following four languages to be part of four separate tibeto burman branches 19 lizu ersu group shixing naic namuzi naic pumi both shixing and namuzi are both classified as naic naxi by jacques michaud 2011 but naic would not be a valid genetic unit in chirkova s classification scheme since shixing and namuzi are considered by chirkova to not be part of a single branch yu 2012 edit yu 2012 218 7 notes that ersuic and naish languages share some forms that are not found in lolo burmese or core qiangic qiang prinmi and minyak as a result southern qiangic ersuic namuyi and shixing may be closer to naish than it is to core qiangic together southern qiangic and naish could form a wider naic group that has links to both lolo burmese to the south and other qiangic languages to the north obsolete names edit shafer 1955 and other accounts of the dzorgaic ch iang branch 20 preserve the names dzorgai kortsè thochu outer outside man tze pingfang from the turn of the century the first three were northern qiang and outside mantse was southern qiang 21 when jiarongic is included as a branch of qiangic but distinct from the non jiarongic languages the label dzorgaic may be used for qiang proper hsi fan xifan is an ethnic name meaning essentially tibetan the people speak qiangic or jiarongic languages such as qiang ergong horpa ersu guiqiong shixing zhaba namuyi muya minyak and jiarong but not naxi moso pumi or tangut the term has not been much used since language surveys of the 1980s resulted in sufficient data for classification distribution edit qiangic languages are spoken mainly in western sichuan and northwestern yunnan provinces of china sun hongkai 2013 lists the following watersheds riverine systems and the respective qiangic languages spoken there 12 upper jialing river watershed 嘉陵江上游地区 baima min river watershed 岷江流域 qiang including boluozi 博罗子 dadu river watershed 大渡河流域 guiqiong ersu yalong river watershed 雅砻江流域 ergong zhaba muya namuyi jinsha river watershed 金沙江流域 shixing pumi jialing 嘉陵江 watershed min 岷江 and dadu 大渡河 watersheds yalong 雅砻江 and jinsha 金沙江 watersheds yangtze watershed see also edit qiang language writing systems qiang people ngawa tibetan and qiang autonomous prefecture languages garzê tibetan autonomous prefecture languages references edit tournadre nicolas suzuki hiroyuki 2023 the tibetic languages an introduction to the family of languages derived from old tibetan paris lacito p 694 isbn 978 2 490768 08 0 archived from the original on 2023 09 29 retrieved 2023 09 24 1 2 matisoff james 2004 brightening and the place of xixia tangut in the qiangic subgroup of tibeto burman suzuki hiroyuki and tashi nyima 2018 historical relationship among three non tibetic languages in chamdo tar proceedings of the 51st international conference on sino tibetan languages and linguistics 2018 kyoto kyoto university zhao haoliang 2018 a brief introduction to zlarong a newly recognized language in mdzo sgang tar proceedings of the 51st international conference on sino tibetan languages and linguistics 2018 kyoto kyoto university jacques guillaumes 2016 les journées d études sur les langues du sichuan sun hongkai 1983 the nationality languages in the six valleys and their language branches yunnan minzuxuebao 3 99 273 written in chinese 1 2 yu dominic 2012 proto ersuic ph d dissertation berkeley university of california berkeley department of linguistics james matisoff 2004 brightening and the place of xixia tangut in the qiangic subgroup of tibeto burman archived 2015 07 12 at the wayback machine katia chirkova 2008 on the position of báimǎ within tibetan in lubotsky et al eds evidence and counter evidence vol 2 china asiaharvest org permanent dead link bolozi pdf asiaharvest org archived pdf from the original on 1 nov 2021 retrieved 1 nov 2021 1 2 sun hongkai 2013 tibeto burman languages of eight watersheds 八江流域的藏缅语 beijing china social sciences academy press ming pdf asiaharvest org retrieved 1 november 2021 xiangcheng pdf asiaharvest org retrieved 1 november 2021 xiangcheng pdf asiaharvest org retrieved 1 november 2021 sūn hóngkāi 孙宏开 2001 論藏緬語族中的羌語支語言 lùn zàng miǎn yǔzú zhōng de qiāngyǔzhī yǔyán on language of the qiangic branch in tibeto burman language and linguistics 2 157 181 jacques guillaume and alexis michaud 2011 approaching the historical phonology of three highly eroded sino tibetan languages diachronica 28 468 498 bradley david 2008 the position of namuyi in tibeto burman chirkova katia 2012 the qiangic subgroup from an areal perspective a case study of languages of muli pdf language and linguistics 13 1 133 170 archived from the original pdf on 2018 05 07 retrieved 2018 05 07 such as barley 1997 archived 2015 06 12 at the wayback machine uc berkeley 1992 linguistics of the tibeto burman area vol 15 pp 76 77 bibliography edit bradley david 1997 tibeto burman languages and classification in d bradley ed papers in south east asian linguistics tibeto burman languages of the himalayas no 14 pp 1 71 canberra pacific linguistics miyake marc 2015 what is the origin of uvularization in qiang miyake marc 2012 nasal codas as clues for the stratification of chinese loanwords in ronghong qiang miyake marc 2011 danger a head for the 2 x 2 hypothesis miyake marc 2011 fm sun hongkai 1983 the nationality languages in the six valleys and their language branches yunnan minzuxuebao 3 99 273 written in chinese sun hongkai academy of social sciences of china institute of nationality studies 1990 languages of the ethnic corridor in western sichuan archive linguistics of the tibeto burman area 13 1 1 31 english translation by jackson t s sun university of california berkeley and academia sinica sun hongkai 孙宏开 2016 zangmian yuzu qiang yuzhi yanjiu 藏缅语族羌语支研究 beijing china social sciences academy press 中国社会科学出版社 isbn 9787516176566 external links edit the qiang language and culture web site site on qiangic languages french and chinese v t e sino tibetan languages sinitic chinese mandarin yue hakka min wu hui gan xiang jin pinghua bai cai long caijia longjia luren tibeto burman bodish tibetan central amdo khams dzongkha ladakhi balti lahuli spiti kyirong kagate sherpa jirel east bodish tshangla basum nam burmo qiangic lolo burmese burmish burmese standard intha danu rakhine tavoyan achang lhao vo lashi zaiwa mondzish loloish qiangic gyalrongic ersuic naic greater magaric magaric magar kham chepangic chepang bhujel raji raute dura tandrange naga ao angami pochuri meitei tangkhulic western naga zeliangrong sal boro garo konyak jingpho luish gongduk ʼole kho bwa puroik tani chamdo tujia nungish karenic gong kathu west himalayish tamangic newaric newar baram thangmi kiranti dhimalish dhimal toto lhokpu lepcha karbi kuki chin miju mruic mru hkongso pyu taman bailang proposed groupings central tibeto burman kuki chin naga macro bai mahakiranti rung tibeto kanauri proto languages proto sino tibetan proto tibeto burman proto loloish proto karenic proto min proto hakka italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches v t e na qiangic languages naic namuyi namuyi shixing shixing naish naxi na laze ersuic ersu lizu tosu qiangic qiang northern qiang southern qiang gyalrongic east gyalrongic situ japhug tshobdun zbu west gyalrongic horpa khroskyabs tangut chamdo lamo larong drag yab choyo choyo muya muya pumi pumi zhaba zhaba cross and italics indicate extinct languages retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title qiangic_languages oldid 1361722100 category qiangic languages hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata webarchive template wayback links all articles with dead external links articles with dead external links from july 2025 articles with permanently dead external links this page was last edited on 29 june 2026 at 18 05 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents qiangic languages 18 languages add topic
|
