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mt however the key individual who made time zones work in the us was william frederick allen railway engineer managing editor of the travelers guide and secretary of the general time convention a railway standardization group allen spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders developed a workable plan to institute time zones and presented it to the general time convention on 1883 04 11 saying that his plan meant local time would be practically abolished a plus for railway scheduling by the next convention on 1883 10 11 nearly all railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883 11 18 that sunday was called the day of two noons as some locations observed noon twice allen witnessed the transition in new york city writing i heard the bells of st paul s strike on the old time four minutes later obedient to the electrical signal from the naval observatory the time ball made its rapid descent the chimes of old trinity rang twelve measured strokes and local time was abandoned probably forever most of the us soon followed suit see bartky ir the adoption of standard time technol cult 1989 jan 30 1 25 56 https dx doi org 10 2307 3105430 from paul eggert 2005 04 16 that 1883 transition occurred at 12 00 new time not at 12 00 old time see p 46 of david prerau seize the daylight thunder s mouth press 2005 from paul eggert 2006 03 22 a good source for time zone historical data in the us is thomas g shanks the american atlas 5th edition san diego acs publications inc 1991 make sure you have the errata sheet the book is somewhat useless without it it is the source for most of the pre 1991 us entries below from paul eggert 2001 03 06 daylight saving time was first suggested as a joke by benjamin franklin in his whimsical essay an economical project for diminishing the cost of light published in the journal de paris 1784 04 26 not everyone is happy with the results i don t really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some agreement about it but i object to being told that i am saving daylight when my reason tells me that i am doing nothing of the kind i even object to the implication that i am wasting something valuable if i stay in bed after the sun has risen as an admirer of moonlight i resent the bossy insistence of those who want to reduce my time for enjoying it at the back of the daylight saving scheme i detect the bony blue fingered hand of puritanism eager to push people into bed earlier and get them up earlier to make them healthy wealthy and wise in spite of themselves robertson davies the diary of samuel marchbanks clarke irwin 1947 xix sunday for more about the first ten years of dst in the united states see robert garland ten years of daylight saving from the pittsburgh standpoint carnegie library of pittsburgh 1927 https web archive org web 20160517155308 http www clpgh org exhibit dst html shanks says that dst was called war time in the us in 1918 and 1919 however dst was imposed by the standard time act of 1918 which was the first nationwide legal time standard and apparently time was just called standard time or daylight saving time from paul eggert 2019 06 04 and tim parenti 2026 07 21 here is the legal basis for the us federal rules public law 65 106 1918 03 19 implemented standard and daylight saving time for the first time across the us springing forward on march s last sunday and falling back on october s last sunday https www loc gov law help statutes at large 65th congress session 2 c65s2ch24 pdf public law 66 40 1919 08 20 repealed dst on october 1919 s last sunday https www loc gov law help statutes at large 66th congress session 1 c66s1ch51 pdf public law 77 403 1942 01 20 started wartime dst on 1942 02 09 https www loc gov law help statutes at large 77th congress session 2 c77s2ch7 pdf public law 79 187 1945 09 25 ended wartime dst on 1945 09 30 https www loc gov law help statutes at large 79th congress session 1 c79s1ch388 pdf public law 89 387 1966 04 13 reinstituted a national standard for dst from april s last sunday to october s last sunday effective 1967 https www govinfo gov content pkg statute 80 pdf statute 80 pg107 pdf public law 93 182 1973 12 15 applied dst year round as an emergency measure it took effect on the fourth sunday after its enactment effectively moving the 1974 spring forward to 01 06 https www govinfo gov content pkg statute 87 pdf statute 87 pg707 pdf it was meant to last for 16 months or two winters through 1975 04 27 however public law 93 434 1974 10 05 created an exemption for much of the second winter restoring standard time from the usual date of 1974 10 27 while moving the 1975 spring forward up to february s last sunday https www govinfo gov content pkg statute 88 pdf statute 88 pg1209 pdf public law 99 359 1986 07 08 moved the spring forward to april s first sunday https www govinfo gov content pkg statute 100 pdf statute 100 pg764 pdf public law 109 58 2005 08 08 effective 2007 moved the spring forward to march s second sunday and the fall back to november s first sunday https www govinfo gov content pkg plaw 109publ58 pdf plaw 109publ58 pdf all transitions are at 02 00 local time from arthur david olson before the uniform time act of 1966 took effect in 1967 observance of daylight saving time in the us was by local option except during wartime from arthur david olson 2000 09 25 last night i heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 arch oboler radio drama in the introduction oboler spoke of eastern peace time an altavista search turned up https web archive org web 20000926032210 http rowayton org rhs hstaug45 html when the time is announced over the radio now it is eastern peace time instead of the old familiar eastern war time peace is wonderful august 1945 by way of confirmation from paul eggert 2017 09 23 this was the v j day issue of the clamdigger a rowayton ct newsletter from joseph gallant citing george h douglas _the early days of radio broadcasting_ 1987 at 7 p m eastern war time on 1945 08 14 the networks were set to switch to london for attlee s address but the american people never got to hear his speech live according to one press account cbs bob trout was first to announce the word of japan s surrender but a few seconds later nbc abc and mutual also flashed the word of surrender all of whom interrupting the bells of big ben in london which were to precede mr attlee s speech from paul eggert 2003 02 09 it was robert st john not bob trout from myrna oliver s obituary of st john on page b16 of today s los angeles times a war weary u s clung to radios awaiting word of japan s surrender any announcement from asia would reach st john s new york newsroom on a wire service teletype machine which had prescribed signals for major news associated press for example would ring five bells before spewing out typed copy of an important story and 10 bells for news of transcendental importance on aug 14 stalling while talking steadily into the nbc networks open microphone st john heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell before announcing confidently ladies and gentlemen world war ii is over the japanese have agreed to our surrender terms he had scored a 20 second scoop on other broadcasters from arthur david olson 2005 08 22 paul has been careful to use the us rules only in those locations that are part of the united states this reflects the real scope of u s government action so even though the us rules have changed in the latest release other countries won t be affected rule name from to in on at save letter s rule us 1918 1919 mar lastsun 2 00 1 00 d rule us 1918 1919 oct lastsun 2 00 0 s rule us 1942 only feb 9 2 00 1 00 w war rule us 1945 only aug 14 23 00u 1 00 p peace rule us 1945 only sep 30 2 00 0 s rule us 1967 2006 oct lastsun 2 00 0 s rule us 1967 1973 apr lastsun 2 00 1 00 d rule us 1974 only jan 6 2 00 1 00 d rule us 1975 only feb lastsun 2 00 1 00 d rule us 1976 1986 apr lastsun 2 00 1 00 d rule us 1987 2006 apr sun 1 2 00 1 00 d rule us 2007 max mar sun 8 2 00 1 00 d rule us 2007 max nov sun 1 2 00 0 s from u s naval observatory 1989 01 19 usa eastern 5 h behind utc new york washington usa eastern 4 h behind utc apr 3 oct 30 usa central 6 h behind utc chicago houston usa central 5 h behind utc apr 3 oct 30 usa mountain 7 h behind utc denver usa mountain 6 h behind utc apr 3 oct 30 usa pacific 8 h behind utc l a san francisco usa pacific 7 h behind utc apr 3 oct 30 usa alaska std 9 h behind utc most of alaska akst usa alaska std 8 h behind utc apr 3 oct 30 akdt usa aleutian 10 h behind utc islands west of 170w usa 9 h behind utc apr 3 oct 30 usa hawaii 10 h behind utc usa bering 11 h behind utc samoa midway from arthur david olson 1989 01 21 the above dates are for 1988 note the akst and akdt abbreviations the claim that there s no dst in samoa and the claim that there is dst in alaska and the aleutians from arthur david olson 1988 02 13 legal standard time zone names from united states code 1982 edition and supplement iii title 15 chapter 6 section 260 and forward first names up to 1967 04 01 when most provisions of the uniform time act of 1966 took effect as explained in sections 263 and 261 none united states standard eastern time united states standard mountain time united states standard central time united states standard pacific time none united states standard alaska time none next names from 1967 04 01 until 1983 11 30 the date for public law 98 181 atlantic standard time eastern standard time central standard time mountain standard time pacific standard time yukon standard time alaska hawaii standard time bering standard time and after 1983 11 30 atlantic standard time eastern standard time central standard time mountain standard time pacific standard time alaska standard time hawaii aleutian standard time samoa standard time the law doesn t give abbreviations from paul eggert 2016 12 19 here are urls for the 1918 and 1966 legislation http uscode house gov statviewer htm volume 40 page 451 http uscode house gov statviewer htm volume 80 page 108 although the 1918 names were officially united states standard eastern time and similarly for central mountain pacific and alaska in practice standard was placed just before time as codified in 1966 in practice alaska time was abbreviated ast before 1968 summarizing the 1967 name changes 1918 names 1967 names 08 standard pacific time pst pacific standard time pst 09 unofficial yukon yst yukon standard time yst 10 standard alaska time ast alaska hawaii standard time ahst 11 unofficial nome nst bering standard time bst from paul eggert 2023 01 23 from a 2001 01 08 heads up from rives mcdow public law 106 564 2000 12 23 introduced chamorro standard time for time in guam and the northern marianas see the file australasia also see 15 u s c 263 https www law cornell edu uscode text 15 263 from paul eggert 2015 04 17 hst and hdt are standardized abbreviations for hawaii aleutian standard and daylight times see section 9 47 p 234 of the u s government printing office style manual 2008 https www gpo gov fdsys pkg gpo stylemanual 2008 pdf gpo stylemanual 2008 pdf from arthur david olson 2005 08 09 the following was signed into law on 2005 08 08 h r 6 energy policy act of 2005 sec 110 daylight savings a amendment section 3 a of the uniform time act of 1966 15 u s c 260a a is amended 1 by striking first sunday of april and inserting second sunday of march and 2 by striking last sunday of october and inserting first sunday of november b effective date subsection a shall take effect 1 year after the date of enactment of this act or march 1 2007 whichever is later c report to congress not later than 9 months after the effective date stated in subsection b the secretary shall report to congress on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the united states d right to revert congress retains the right to revert the daylight saving time back to the 2005 time schedules once the department study is complete us eastern time represented by new york connecticut delaware district of columbia most of florida georgia southeast indiana dearborn and ohio counties eastern kentucky except america kentucky louisville below maine maryland massachusetts new hampshire new jersey new york north carolina ohio pennsylvania rhode island south carolina eastern tennessee vermont virginia west virginia from dave cantor 2004 11 02 early this summer i had the occasion to visit the mount washington observatory weather station atop of course mount washington nh one of the staff members said that the station was on eastern standard time and didn t change their clocks for daylight saving so that their reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind utc from paul eggert 2005 08 26 according to today s huntsville times http www al com news huntsvilletimes index ssf base news 1125047783228320 xml coll 1 a few towns on alabama s eastern border with georgia such as phenix city in russell county lanett in chambers county and some towns in lee county set their watches and clocks on eastern time it quotes h h bubba roberts city administrator in phenix city as saying we are in the central time zone but we do go by the eastern time zone because so many people work in columbus from paul eggert 2017 02 22 four cities are involved the two not mentioned above are smiths station and valley barbara brooks valley s assistant treasurer heard it started because west point pepperell textile mills were in alabama while the corporate office was in georgia and residents voted to keep eastern time even after the mills closed see kazek k did you know which alabama towns are in a different time zone al com 2017 02 06 http www al com living index ssf 2017 02 do_you_know_which_alabama_town html from paul eggert 2014 09 06 monthly notices of the royal astronomical society 44 4 1884 02 08 208 says that new york city hall time was 3 minutes 58 4 seconds fast of eastern time i e 4 56 01 6 just before the 1883 switch rule name from to in on at save letter rule nyc 1920 only mar lastsun 2 00 1 00 d rule nyc 1920 only oct lastsun 2 00 0 s rule nyc 1921 1966 apr lastsun 2 00 1 00 d rule nyc 1921 1954 sep lastsun 2 00 0 s rule nyc 1955 1966 oct lastsun 2 00 0 s zone name stdoff rules format until stdoff 4 56 01 6 zone america new_york 4 56 02 lmt 1883 nov 18 17 00u 5 00 us e st 1920 5 00 nyc e st 1942 5 00 us e st 1946 5 00 nyc e st 1967 5 00 us e st us central time represented by chicago alabama arkansas florida panhandle bay calhoun escambia gulf holmes jackson okaloosa santa rosa walton and washington counties illinois western indiana gibson jasper lake laporte newton porter posey spencer vanderburgh and warrick counties iowa most of kansas western kentucky louisiana minnesota mississippi missouri eastern nebraska eastern north dakota oklahoma eastern south dakota western tennessee most of texas wisconsin from paul eggert 2018 01 07 in 1869 the chicago astronomical society contracted with the city to keep time though delayed by the gre...
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