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n babası ve kendi ideolojik hamisi olarak kabul etmekteydi bogdanov ise yukarıda değinildiği gibi plekhanov çizgisini rus marksizmi okullarından sadece bir tanesi olarak görüyor ve eleştiriyordu rus marksizmi okullarından diğer bir tanesi de kendisi ve yoldaşlarından oluşan eleştirel çizgisiydi bu grupta bogdanov dışında gorki lunacharsky ve bazarov gibi boşevik kanat içinde veya onu destekleyen etkili isimler bulunuyordu plekhanov un bogdanov ile girdiği polemikten yenilerek çıkması onu kendi teorik babası ve bogdanov u da en ciddi rakibi olarak gören lenin için alarm zillerinin çaldığı an olmuş olmalı zira lenin in bogdanov u ilk önce politik alandan daha sonra da tarih sahnesinden silecek ve lenin in ölümüne kadar sürdüreceği saldırıları tam da 1907 1908 itibariyle başlayacaktır bu yıllarda yazdığı ve yayınladığı fakat o dönemde ilgi görmeyen materyalizm ve empriokritisizm kitabını lenin bogdanov düşüncesini ve politik kişiliğini iğdiş etmeye adamıştır lenin in kitabı bogdanov un plehanov dan talep ettiği ve plehanov un asla girişemediği cevap olarak tasarlanmıştır bu hamleyi takiben lenin 1909 da elindeki fonları kullanarak bolşevik kanadın yayın organı proletarya proletarii dergisinin genişletilmiş yayın kurulunu paris de toplar ve bogdonov un editoryal gruptan ve bolşevik merkezden dışlamasını sağlar 1910 da toplanan plenium da ise bogdanov çevresinde toplanan vpered i̇leri grubu da parti içi bir fraksiyon olarak tanınır buna rağmen vpered grubu 1911 de dağılır ve bogdanov bu olaydan sonra parti politikasından tamamen koparak kendisini bilimsel ve kültürel çalışmalara verir plehanov un bu dönemde başlayan şoven tutumu 1914 de savaş yanlısı bir tutuma dönüşünce lenin bu sefer ona karşı saldırgan bir posizyon alacak ve 1914 15 de meşhur hegel ve diyalektik okumlarına girişecektir bu okumalar sonucunda kaleme aldığı felsefe defterleri nde lenin plehanov un felsefi otoritesini alaşağı ederek onu ve kendisi de dahil hiç bir rus marksistinin hegel i diyalektiği ve dolayısı ile marx ı hiç bir zaman anlamamış olmadığını ilan eder bir anlamda kendisini kaustky ve pekhanov un takipçisi olma zincirinden kurtarmaktadır lenin düşüncesindeki dönüşümü aldığı notlara açıkça yansıtan lenin bu notları asla yayına hazırlamayacaktır bunun nedeni bu notlarının lenin in kendi marksist geçmişini de şüphe altında bırakmasıdır özellikle de materyalizm ve empriokritisizm i yazarken ki bilgisizliğini gözler ününe sermektedir lenin anderson 2014 yine de bu okumalarla yeniden şekillenen düşüncelerini o dönemde plehanov a ve diğer sosyal şoven döneklere karşı geliştirdiği eleştirilerinde ve temel analizlerinde kullanır ekim devrimi sonrasındaysa lenin in prestiji tanınırlığı ve politik etkisi sınırsızca artmıştır böyle bir ortamda bogdanov bir kez daha bu sefer hızla büyüyen proleter kültür hareketinin önderi olarak çıkar lenin in karşısına lenin in takip eden hamlesiyse hakkındaki görüşleri ve felsefi konumu tamamen değişmesine rağmen 1918 de ölen plehanov u rus marksizminin babası olarak kutsamak ve 1921 de materyalizm ve empriokritisizm in ikinci baskısını yeni bir bogdanov karşıtı kampanya çerçevesinde yayınlamak olur i̇lk baskısı okunmayan ve hatta lenin in felsefe notdefterleri nde kendisinin bile aciz bulduğu kitabının ikinci baskısı hem rusya içinde hem de uluslararası alanda büyük bir etki yapar lenin in tamamen polemik amacıyla yazılmış ve felsefi bir değer taşımadığı görüşü genel kabul gören bu kitabı skp b yayın organları tarafından sovyet rus devrimin liderinin muazzam felsefi eseri olarak lanse edilir lenin in bogdanov a vurduğu en kalıcı de darbe bu olur bundan sonraki kuşaklar bogdanov u bu kitap üzerinden okuyacak ya da daha çok okumayacaktır örneğin karl korsch anton pannekoek louis althusser gibi etkili marksist düşünürler stalin e ya da yeni hegelciler e karşı lenin tarafında olduklarını iddia ederlerken bogdanov u okumadan ona lenin in materyalizm ve empriokritisizm i üzerinden saldırırlar stalin ise kendi döneminde rakiplerini ortadan kaldırmak ve tarih kayıtlarından silmek için lenin in bogdanov a olan husumetini referans alır buharin e karşı yürüttüğü kampanyada örneğin stalin buharin in marksizmden sapan bir bogdanovcu olarak suçlar stalin döneminde sovyet rejimine karşı kapitalist dünyadan gelen dış tehdit i̇kinci dünya savaşı ve sonrasında soğuk savaş a dönüşen ortam lenin stalin çizgisinin etkisini ve bogdanov un unutulmuşluğunu pekiştirmiştir bogdanov üzerindeki lenin sansürü o kadar vahim bir düzeye ulaşmıştır ki kautsky bernstein luxemburg lenin stalin trotsky buharin plehanov gibi marksizmin tüm diğer önemli isimleri hakkında yayınlanan çok sayında biyografiye karşılık bogdanov un ilk i̇ngilizce biyografisi ancak geçtiğimiz yıl 2018 in aralık ayında basılabilmiştir ne yayınevleri ne sosyalist ve komünist partiler ne de diğerleri yüz yıl boyunca bogdanov davası konusuna girmek ve onun hakkında yorum yapmak istememiştir anlaşılan bir ömür boyu süren çalışmalarının sonucunda usta tarihçi james d white tarafından kaleme alınan kızıl hamlet alexander bogdanov un hayatı ve fikirleri bu nedenle sadece bir kişisel biyografi olmanın ötesine geçer aynı zamanda 20 yüzyıl marksizmini anlama ve yerli yerine oturtma anlamında bir boşluğu doldurmaktadır kızıl hamlet kitap ayrıntılarıyla ortaya koymaktadır ki bogdanov ve yoldaşlarının temsil ettiği marksizm yorumu birçok anlamda 1945 sonrasında batı da ve doğu da gelişen yaratıcı ve üretken marksizmlerin öncülüğünü yapmış çok önemli ve değerli bir birikimdir böylesine bir kaynak neredeyse bir asır boyunca gözlerden uzak kalmıştır böylelikle eşitlik özgürlük ve kardeşlik adına kurtuluş adına yeni kuşaklar ondan yararlanamamış küresel kapitalizm onun yokluğunda kök salmış komünizm fikri neredeyse bütün mevzilerini kaybetmiştir 1950 lerden bu yana ilk olarak sovyetler birliği nde ortaya çıkan sibernetik tartışmaları çerçevesinde gündeme gelen giderek de dünya çapında gelişen alexander bogdanov un rehabilitasyonu süreci james white ın bu çalışması ile taçlanmıştır diyebiliriz i̇roniktir ki ortaya çıkan tablo bize marx tan sonra onun düşüncesini gerçek anlamda ileriye taşıyan en önemli düşüncelerin bir asırdır sanıldığının aksine lenin değil onun ezeli rakibi olan bogdanov tarafından geliştirdiğini göstermektedir okadar ki bugüne değin bogdanov un ötesine geçen tutarlılık ve kapsamda yapıtlar ortaya koyabilen eleştirel bir düşünce akımı ve teorisyenin çıkmamış olduğunı görüyoruz i̇ster istemez akıllara ya yüz yıl önce öyle olmasaydı sorusunu geliyor bir de ya bu yüz yıl farklı olursa sorusu kızıl hamlet marksizmin yeni bir re konstrüksiyonu için zamanın geldiğini haber vermektedir kaynakça anderson k b 2014 revisiting lenin s hegel notebooks 100 years later lenin in hegel notdefterleri ni 100 yıl sonra yeniden ziyaret etmek socialism and democracy vol 28 1 2014 ghetti n 2016 la cartolina di gramsci a mosca tra politica e amori 1922 1924 gramsci nin kartpostalı moskova da siyaset ve aşk arasında 1922 1924 donzelli editore white j d 2018 red hamlet the life and ideas of alexander bogdanov kızıl hamlet alexsander bogdanov un hayatı ve fikirleri historical materialism book series brill posted in movements leave a reply it will take a revolution to them back posted on april 11 2019 by örsan şenalp reply following the 9 11 the west led by the us and the uk states governments and ruling classes the europeans and many local elites hanging in the tail has launched a war on democracy neo cons and zionists have names this endless war they kicked off war on terror which is composed of illegal occupations covert operations organized coups and civil wars that disintegrated series of sovereign states turning them a source of real terror slavery and barbarism as in iraq libia and syria this war on democracy based on lies threats corruption and manipulations from the beginning of the war democracy and liberalism got undermined at home in the west and globally and the rise of more terrorism more wars and fascisms guaranteed the revaluations of the real nature of this war by manning and snowden publicized by wikileaks with assange caused and become a symbol of broader counter organizing and resistance to the rising global fascism most of the mainstream liberal media and academia was cowardly silent in passing weeks the 18 years loop was closing in the wake of bradley chelsea manning s and julian assange s arrests terrorist netanyahu was re elected in israel as prime minister while this was happening one of the top global political economists kees van der pijl was being targeted by the zionist israeli lobby since he was tweeting about us gov zionist isreali gov involvement in 9 11 previously such accusation was successfully avoided by pressures and threats on academia and media and turned into a conspiracy mainly feeding into the resurgence of the extreme right wing this time by highlighting capitalist zionist ruling class base backed by scientific research in such a conjuncture van der pijl s analysis put forwards the naked truth it becomes clear today that fascism emerged and it is irreversable with the means of democracy manning and assange s arrests signify a historical turning point if we give manning and assange silently to these monsters it will take a revolution to get him back posted in movements leave a reply the emergence of the new worldview was with tektology not systemology with alexander bogdanov not ludwig von bertalanffy posted on april 2 2019 by örsan şenalp 1 by örsan şenalp in 1927 german professor johann plenge 1874 1963 did publish his review of the first edition of the german translation of alexander bogdanov s tektology general science of organisation 1926 the very same year ludwig von bertalanffy who would later be known as the founder of the general system theory german allgemeine systemtlehre gst completed his dissertation in which he developed his initial ideas the following year in 1928 bogdanov died as a result of a blood exchange experiment he conducted with a student who survived malaria in the end and von bertalanffy published his new study titled kritische theorie der formbildung critical theory of development in berlin johann plenge plenge s review of tektology was negatively critical he thought of bogdanov and his bold attempt as flawed to him bogdanov was intoxicated by marxism and in tektology he was dismissing all the differences amongst the vast variety of types of organization and degree of complexity amongst the systems under investigation he also highlighted bogdanov s claim that his science was distant from morality as mathematics to warn the reader that such an approach has the potential to generate an ethicless total control mechanism similar to one indeed created by stalin later on however bogdanov himself openly made similar warnings about the dystopian future applications of such science with much emphasis especially in an authoritarian framework like lenin s creation bogdanov was someone who gave a lifelong struggle against lenin s authoritarian politics and the result of his struggle was a political demise and the removal of his name from official russian historiography white 2019 whereas plenge was someone who did dedicate his efforts to creating a personality cult of his own later on hayek would accuse plenge of being one of the inspirations for the rise of national socialist ideology hayek 1944 ironically plenge s complaints about bogdanov s tektology of not recognizing the differences in forms and contents between varieties of organizations of systems for instance by conscious man or self organization in nature etc he was missing the point tektology was making that point was the argument for the need for a non reductionist meta science that is investigating possible generalizations common organisational patterns and principles to all complex wholes no matter physical material social or psychic or otherwise tectology was that unifying science exactly this premise later become the main point of the gst as it was proposed by von bertalanffy and his colleagues beyond that most of the principles proposed by von bertalanffy between 1927 and the 1950s can indeed be found in an almost word to word identical fashion in bogdanov s tektology which was written and published between 1912 1929 in its original russian well known systems thinker milan zelený quoted from n n mosieev in his 1988 article entitled tectology that all systems problematic undertaken by l von bertalanffy and his followers is contained practically in toto within the theory of organizations of a a bogdanov but not vice versa for these reasons it seems to me that the general systems theory represents a significant step backwards in comparison with bogdanov s tektology which after its author s death was unfortunately never reissued in the russian language this should certainly be corrected in 1989 90 m z note is original by zelený since then the similarities between gst and tektology and to what extent tektology exceeded the gst have been shown by other systems thinkers such as vadim sadovsky george gorelik peter dudley and arran gare according to peter dudley bogdanov s work anticipated the entire systems quest of the twentieth century dudley 1996 indeed when one studies tektology and compare it to the development of systems thinking in the second half of the 20th century one finds out that all the piecemeal developments and discoveries of systems concepts mechanisms and principles such as open closed systems bifurcation emergence self organization self regulation or feedback mechanism autopoiesis as well as a concrete methodology for studying the variety of systems were actually addressed and integrally described in tektology ludwig von bertalanffy in pursuing his negative critique plenge was also joining the term general systems science theory doctrine for the first time suggesting that it should be a replacement for the term tektology the term system s is used 23 times in the article and several times to redescribe tektology as a general science of systems of reality plenge 1927 thus it was plenge who coined the term general systems to refer to tektology in 1927 however the term later comes to be solely associated with von bertalanffy s work boulding 1956 2004 hofkrichner 2005 and 2010 this fact alone requires historians of science and ideas to reconsider the legacy of the general system theory and its position besides this and more importantly the issue of bogdanov s influence on von bertalalnffy s gst needs clarification since it is a fact that both tektology and plenge s review of it got published in von bertalanffy s own native german and this happened at the time bertalanffy was concentrating on the topic namely he was working on his initial ideas of the general system theory from 1926 on that is the year part i of tektology was published in german bogdanov 1926 between 1924 and 1926 von bertalanffy was studying at the university of vienna and writing his phd dissertation ti...
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