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anta monica 1959 papermate opened its santa monica factory in 1957 the plant produced 600 million ballpoint pens in 1971 and closed in 2005 the 3 000 seat santa monica civic auditorium was built on the site of santa monica s red lined african american neighborhood known as belmar construction began soon after the removal of belmar s residents the auditorium was designed in the international style by welton becket opened in 1958 14 from 1961 to 1968 the academy of motion picture arts and sciences held its annual oscar awards ceremony there performers that have appeared over the decades include joan baez the beach boys tony bennett david bowie dave brubeck buzzcocks the carpenters ray charles the clash bill cosby bob dylan ella fitzgerald allen ginsberg arlo guthrie jimi hendrix bob hope elton john led zeppelin andré previn public enemy ramones the rolling stones pete seeger bruce springsteen and the e street band t rex jonathan winters and countless others since the late 1980s the auditorium has been more popular for trade conventions than performances the films the t a m i show and urgh a music war were shot there pacific ocean park the last of the great amusement piers opened in 1958 while it temporarily eclipsed competitor disneyland attendance later plummeted and by 1967 the park was foreclosed for back taxes it sat empty and rotting an unattractive attractive nuisance until finally removed in 1974 adjacent to pacific ocean park was the rock and roll club the cheetah which featured early performances by such acts as the doors alice cooper pink floyd love the mothers of invention the seeds buffalo springfield and others it closed in 1968 the synanon drug rehabilitation cult moved into the old national guard building in 1959 and added their strange presence to the area in 1967 it moved into the swank del mar club until 1978 after that they held a small presence until shut down in 1991 15 16 1960s edit lawrence welk at ground breaking for the new union bank in santa monica 1960 the completion of the santa monica freeway in 1966 brought the promise of new prosperity for some although it was at the cost of decimating santa monica s red lined african american enclave and hispanic la viente barrio running between olympic and pico third street in downtown was converted into the santa monica mall in 1965 an innovative but ultimately unsuccessful development that turned the three block core of the retail district into an open air pedestrian mall large parking structures were built but rarely filled within a couple of decades it was in severe decline the santa monica mall just prior to its conversion to the third street promenade is a location for some scenes in the movie pee wee s big adventure the douglas plant closed in 1968 depriving santa monica of its largest employer a decade passed before the site was redeveloped into an office park the museum of flying was opened on the same site another decades later in 1989 bandleader lawrence welk built the champagne towers apartment building and the adjoining 300 foot tall 91 m lawrence welk plaza in 1969 the plaza is now known by its address 100 wilshire and it is still the tallest building in the city 1970s edit during the 1970s a remarkable number of notable fitness and health related businesses started in the city the supergo bicycle shop originally named bikecology founded by susan and alan goldsmith as a pro ten speed bike shop opened in 1971 and was ranked the top grossing bike shop in america by the time it relocated from wilshire blvd to the corner of 5th and broadway in 1995 and coincidentally work on the bicycle path along the beach was undertaken by the city the santa monica track club founded in 1972 by joe douglas has helped the careers of many olympians such as carl lewis sensei james field opened his dojo in 1974 which became one of the primary shotokan karate schools in the us and is now called the japan karate association jka santa monica joe gold who had sold his chain of gold s gyms years before started the world gym chain in 1977 nathan pritikin opened the pritikin longevity center in the casa del mar building in 1978 after prior owner synanon tried to murder attorney paul morantz by placing rattlesnake in his mailbox 16 ocean park resident jane fonda opened a small aerobics studio on main street in the late 1970s progressivism became the dominant political force in santa monica santa monicans for renters rights smrr formed in 1978 and was led by ruth yannatta goldway derek shearer dennis zane and reverend james conn with support from tom hayden and jane fonda conn s ocean park community organization opco was formed in 1979 as an adjunct to the church in ocean park partly in reaction to the rapid pace of change along main street it was the first of what became nine community organizations that serve as neighborhood advocates a strict rent control ordinance passed in 1979 and smrr achieved a council majority in 1981 it has largely remained the controlling political organization since then by 1977 the large 1894 american foursquare style home of roy jones son of founder john p jones was threatened with destruction it had been converted into rooming houses and was decrepit it along with an adjoining 19th century house was saved by being relocated to main street in ocean park and renovated the jones house became the home of the santa monica heritage museum and the other house became a restaurant the salvation of the buildings was representative of the changes taking place in the city the late 1970s early 1980s situation comedy three s company was set in santa monica 1980s edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed july 2014 learn how and when to remove this message after the economic doldrums of the 1960s and early 1970s the city s economy began to recover in the 1980s an early sign of that change was in the neighborhood of ocean park main street a quaint mile of sawdust bars and dilapidated stores selling old furniture was upgraded by the concerted efforts of a new generation of owners soon it was attracting increasingly expensive boutiques and restaurants at the northern end of main street adjacent to the still declining santa monica mall a city block was levelled in 1980 to build a new mall santa monica place designed by architect frank gehry further south on main street the mixed use museum retail and restaurant complex edgemar also designed by frank gehry opened in 1988 while the santa monica pier had been preserved from intentional destruction in 1973 it was nonetheless poorly maintained by the 1980s it had become a blight the area around the pier was filled with poorly built and maintained buildings that housed seedy biker bars and head shops the pier itself had dilapidated bars an odd plaster statue store and creepy game arcades the city put off repairing the breakwater that protected the pier and the so called yacht harbor immediately north studies were made for rehabilitation of the pier and repair of the breakwater but they were never acted upon in 1983 major winter storms part of the el niño weather pattern struck santa monica on january 27 and again on march 1 the storms destroyed more than a third of the pier along with stores bars cars and a large crane brought in to begin repairs rebuilding the pier was a contentious effort costing 43 million ultimately the work was completed and the pier remains the city s best known landmark three interesting buildings owned by the city were abandoned and destroyed including the sinbad s restaurant that featured a large whale s tail in the facade in the 1980s the city put together the plan for turning the failed santa monica mall into the santa monica promenade the project completed in 1989 has proven to be a huge success and is a major regional shopping and entertainment center between 1988 and 1998 taxable sales in the city grew 440 quadrupling city revenues retails rents in the development area also quadrupled more than 500 million of private money has been invested into the promenade and the adjacent streets in the bayside district corporation business association the city opened its public electronic network pen in 1989 providing citizens with a bulletin board system bbs to discuss local issues and access city services pen was the first municipally operated bbs in the world while plagued by the ills common to bbses the site empowered residents due in part to the placement of publicly available terminals in libraries homeless persons and their issues received considerable attention on pen the swashlock showers washers and lockers plan was developed on pen and implemented in 1993 pen also served as a center to organize opposition to the 1990 proposal to redevelop 415 pch 1990s edit the 1990s saw continued development in santa monica the promenade caught on colorado place water garden and other nearby office developments on the east side of town attracted mgm sony symantec and other corporations the shutters hotel was the first of several new hotels built between the pier and pico boulevard one of them the loews is on the site of the long forgotten arcadia hotel the casa del mar returned to its former glory as a luxury hotel in 1999 after a reported 60 million renovation by the owners of the shutters hotel even the comparatively dowdy miramar hotel found new prominence with the many visits of president bill clinton in 1994 an old rail station was transformed by the city into bergamot station a collection of art galleries that has become a center of art exhibition and retailing the 1994 northridge earthquake caused the loss of many residences and historic buildings particularly on the north side of the city other notable damage st john s hospital came close to collapsing honda of santa monica s parking structure pancaked crushing numerous cars in all 100 buildings were condemned outright including 3 100 apartment units while far more suffered repairable damage the evening outlook which had been purchased by the copley press newspaper chain in 1983 was closed in 1998 after 123 years of reporting 17 18 it reportedly had 20 000 paid subscription at the time of the closure 19 mtbe a major gasoline additive 10 by volume was discovered in the city s water wells in august 1995 the mtbe was found almost by accident since it was not on the list of known contaminants and acceptable level had not been set the city waters engineers had to research the hazard and they raised the alarm within a year all five wells were closed leading to the loss of 45 of the city s water supply one well had a concentration of 600 parts per billion while another rose from 14 parts per billion to 490 parts per billion within a year the california epa guidelines now call for no more than 35 parts per billion the city s well field is in the charnock sub basin a small aquifer in mar vista los angeles that both santa monica and culver city draw upon to maintain supply to customers santa monica was forced to purchase water from the metropolitan water district of southern california mwd at a cost of over 1 1 million per year cleanup of the site is ongoing at a current cost of 3 million per year paid for by the responsible parties principally shell chevron and exxon following this discovery other water districts began testing that revealed tens of thousands of mtbe pollution cases across the united states santa monica also was booming in business at the time the state of california enacted a law effective january 1 1999 that overrode santa monica s rent control ordinance by mandating vacancy decontrol landlords were reported to have raised rents so high that units remained vacant requiring them to lower their rents to more marketable levels rent controls remained on inhabited units leading to stories of landlords harassing existing tenants in order to make them leave so that higher rents could be charged 20 2000s edit on july 16 2003 george russell weller drove his buick at speeds of up to 70 miles per hour through the busy downtown farmers market which was held on a city street that was closed to vehicular traffic by temporary signage at each end the 86 year old driver killed 10 that day and injured 63 stopping only due to the buick s engine and transmission being clogged with body parts 21 the city vigorously fought against accepting its responsibility in causing the death and injuries of market patrons through the lack of any barricade in the wake of numerous civil lawsuits filed against the city of santa monica and the company organizing the farmer s market a new policy was adopted requiring portable concrete barricades to reliably block vehicle access for pedestrian street events santa monica passed a law in 2003 restricting the distribution of food to homeless people in the city some organizations have deliberately disobeyed these laws the increasingly upscale nature of the city not just the northern part which was always affluent but the southern ocean park neighborhood as well which has become a favorite of those in the entertainment industry has created some tensions between newcomers and longtime residents nostalgic for the more bohemian countercultural past nevertheless with the corporate additions of yahoo in 2005 and google in 2006 gentrification continued during the 2000s la metro developed plans to return rail transit to santa monica which was gone after the dismantling of the pacific electric railway during the 1960s it developed two plans including the metro expo line and metro purple line both of which would extend into santa monica the purple line was originally to be extended into santa monica but was stopped due to legislative action however democratic congressman henry waxman one of those who opposed the purple line s extension eventually reconsidered extending the purple line into santa monica the proposal to extend the purple line was described colloquially as the subway to the sea 2010s edit santa monica downtown station on the la metro e line in 2017 third street promenade in 2017 on june 7 2013 a killing spree occurred in several locations at or near the campus of santa monica college the shooter identified as 23 year old john zawahri fired shots from an ar 15 type semiautomatic rifle killing six people including himself the shootings started at zawahri s father s house where he fatally shot his father and brother after a domestic dispute and afterwards he set the home on fire he then commandeered a passing vehicle and fired several shots at other vehicles including a city bus and a police cruiser killing two and wounding several others upon arriving at santa monica college zawahri shot and killed a woman outside and then fired 70 shots inside the college library hitting no one he was then shot by responding police officers after engaging them in a gunfight later dying after 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