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bulgarian dialects wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 dialectal groups 2 see also 3 notes 4 references toggle the table of contents bulgarian dialects 7 languages български français italiano македонски polski русский українська edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia overview of dialects of the bulgarian language this article s images may require adjustments to formatting placement or size please see wikipedia s picture and image placement policies for further information december 2025 map of the big yus ǫ isoglosses in eastern south slavic and eastern torlakian according to the bulgarian academy of sciences atlas from 2001 1 pronunciation of man and tooth derived from proto slavic words mǫžь and zǫbъ on the map 1 mɤʃ zɤp see зъб 2 maʃ zap see заб 3 muʃ zup 4 mɒʃ zɒp 5 mɔʃ zɔp 6 mæʃ zæp 7 mɤnʃ zɤmp 8 manʃ zamp 9 mɒnʃ zɒmp map of the bulgarian dialects within bulgaria the yat ě split in the bulgarian language isogloss clockwise right or down left or up of the line 1 vat bachva bochva etc bąchva 2 yellow zhąlt zhląt zhąt etc zhelt 3 road pat put pot pąt 4 paw shąpa shapa shaka etc shepa isogloss clockwise 1 thirsty zhąden zhaden etc zheden 2 red tsraven tsąrven cherven chirven 3 me you me te mą tą etc 4 white bel byal yat border isogloss clockwise 1 meadows polani poleni 2 drunk piyani piyeni 3 cups chashi cheshi 4 caps shapki shepki isogloss clockwise 1 frogs zhabi zhebi 2 i wait chekam chakam 3 yat border isogloss clockwise 1 rings prąstene prąsteną prasteni 2 i read chetem chetą 3 we read cheteme chitami chetemo etc chetem chitem etc 4 yat border isogloss clockwise 1 leg noga krak 2 loom razboy stan 3 shirt koshula riza 4 hot zhezhko goreshto isogloss clockwise 1 don t nemoy nedey 2 i ya yaz ye az 3 he on toy 4 yat border isogloss clockwise 1 meat méso mesó 2 i read chéta chetem chetá 3 pick béri berí 4 yat border names of watermelon dinya lubenica karpuza boston names of melon papesh pipon kavun koravec bulgarian dialects are the regional varieties of the bulgarian language a south slavic language bulgarian dialectology dates to the 1830s and the pioneering work of neofit rilski bolgarska gramatika published 1835 in kragujevac principality of serbia other notable researchers in this field include marin drinov konstantin josef jireček lyubomir miletich aleksandar teodorov balan stoyko stoykov the dialects of macedonian are classified as part of bulgarian in the older literature 2 3 4 5 6 7 presently bulgarian linguistics continue to treat it as such 8 9 10 since the second half of the 20th century foreign authors have mostly adopted the convention of treating these in terms of a separate macedonian language following the codification of macedonian as the literary standard language of yugoslav macedonia 11 however some contemporary linguists still consider macedonian as a dialect of bulgarian 12 13 14 macedonian authors in turn tend to treat all dialects spoken in the geographical region of macedonia as macedonian including those spoken in bulgarian macedonia 15 together with their closest lexical and grammatical relative they comprise the eastern south slavic branch the present article treats all these dialects together because of their close structural similarity and the fact that many important dialect boundaries intersect both territories the bulgarian ethnos absorbed diverse slavic tribes and not a particular language the main isogloss separating the bulgarian dialects into eastern and western is the yat border marking the different mutations of the old church slavonic yat form ѣ ě pronounced as either ʲa or ɛ to the east byal but plural beli in balkan dialects white and strictly as ɛ to the west of it bel plural beli throughout former yugoslavia 8 16 isoglosses shape three groups besides the eastern and western dialects the rup group of dialects is distinct which comprises the rhodopes and everything southwards from thessaloniki to istanbul although it is an eastern dialect the official language derives most often from the northeastern group of dialects nominally based on veliko tarnovo dialect many western south slavic lexical morphological and phonological isoglosses are present in all western bulgarian dialects and rarer in rup dialects which peak in torlakian bulgarian macedonian and serbian dialects share characteristics far beyond the torlakian area and beyond the contested territories of the medieval bulgarian and serbian states which are west of sofia so these political entities are not responsible for the transitional features but they are basically rooted in other type of evolution likely in a makeup in the contact area of the two sources of eastern and western south slavic tribes the makeup of the transitional area shows a mix of eastern and western south slavic characteristics found in western bulgaria which contact happened in the balkans assuming the exact location of this area all isoglosses commonly share gradual borders deep inside the country but the northeast always do not which likely means that the contact zone mixed after the settling of the slavs in the balkans in one instance both a and ъ for nasal yus are part of elin pelin dialect probably one of the words that remain the same on one of the largest areas in bulgaria is that for night nosht which is at best rare in other slavic languages in which along with the torlaks in bulgaria noch means night in eastern bulgarian dialects in contrast with the other south slavic languages standard ukrainian and czech the unstressed vowel e by palatalization turns into i or ie citation needed the bulgarian pronouns in third person toy te are documented in some ukrainian dialects citation needed dialectal groups edit bulgarian dialects can be divided into the following dialectal groups and individual dialects 17 eastern bulgarian dialects moesian dialects shumen dialect balkan dialects central balkan dialect kotel elena dryanovo dialect panagyurishte dialect pirdop dialect teteven dialect erkech dialect subbalkan dialect transitional balkan dialects rup dialects strandzha dialect thracian dialect hvoyna dialect chepino dialect paulician dialect zlatograd dialect smolyan dialect pomak dialect greece babyak dialect razlog dialect serres nevrokop dialect solun dialect western bulgarian dialects northwestern bulgarian dialects byala slatina pleven dialect vidin lom dialect southwestern bulgarian dialects botevgrad dialect vratsa dialect ihtiman dialect elin pelin dialect sofia dialect samokov dialect dupnitsa dialect kyustendil dialect pirin malashevo dialects blagoevgrad dialect petrich dialect pianec kamenitsa kraishte dialect malashevo dialect transitional bulgarian dialects tran dialect breznik dialect belogradchik dialect bosilegrad dialect tsaribrod dialect dialects from north macedonia traditionally treated as part of bulgarian in bulgarian sources 18 northern dialects 18 tetovo dialect 19 veles dialect 20 prilep mariovo dialect 21 bitola dialect 22 debar dialect 23 ohrid struga dialect 24 prespa dialect 25 korca dialect 26 dialects from aegean macedonia traditionally treated as part of bulgarian in bulgarian sources 18 kostur dialect 27 doyran dialect 28 lerin dialect 29 kukush voden dialect 30 among the traditional diaspora banat bulgarian dialect wallachian bulgarian dialects transylvanian bulgarian dialects bulgarian dialects in the former soviet union anatolian dialect see also edit history of the bulgarian language bulgarian lexis bulgarian grammar torlakian dialect macedonian language slavic dialects of greece notes edit кочев kochev иван ivan 2001 български диалектен атлас bulgarian dialect atlas in bulgarian софия bulgarian academy of sciences isbn 954 90344 1 0 oclc 48368312 mazon andre contes slaves de la macédoine sud occidentale etude linguistique textes et traduction notes de folklore paris 1923 p 4 селищев афанасий избранные труды москва 1968 max vasmer die slaven in griechenland verlag der akademie der wissenschaften berlin 1941 kap vi allgemeines und sprachliche stellung der slaven griechenlands k sandfeld balkanfilologien københavn 1926 mcmxxvi konstantin josef jireček die balkanvölker und ihre kulturellen und politischen bestrebungen urania ii jg 13 27 märz 1909 p 195 stefan verković описание быта македонских болгар топографическо этнографический очерк македонии петербург 1889 1 2 стойков stoykov стойко 2002 1962 българска диалектология bulgarian dialectology in bulgarian софия акад изд проф марин дринов isbn 954 430 846 6 oclc 53429452 institute of bulgarian language 1978 единството на българския език в миналото и днес in bulgarian sofia bulgarian academy of sciences p 4 oclc 6430481 шклифов благой речник на костурския говор българска диалектология софия 1977 с кн viii с 201 205 friedman victor 2001 macedonian in garry jane rubino carl eds facts about the world s languages an encyclopedia of the world s major languages past and present new york holt pp 435 439 who are the macedonians hugh poulton c hurst co publishers 2000 isbn 1 85065 534 0 p 116 when languages collide perspectives on language conflict language competition and language coexistence brian d joseph ohio state university press 2003 p 281 isbn 0 8142 0913 0 language profile macedonian archived 2009 03 11 at the wayback machine ucla international institute isp большaя советская энциклопедия tom 37 moskva 1938 р 743 744 mazon a documents contes et chansons slaves de l albanie du sud paris 1936 462 p per stoykov 1 2 3 bulgarian dialectology p 170 bulgarian dialectology p 171 bulgarian dialectology p 172 bulgarian dialectology p 173 bulgarian dialectology p 174 bulgarian dialectology p 175 bulgarian dialectology p 176 bulgarian dialectology p 179 bulgarian dialectology p 180 bulgarian dialectology p 181 bulgarian dialectology p 182 bulgarian dialectology p 183 bulgarian dialectology p 184 references edit стойков stoykov стойко 2002 1962 българска диалектология bulgarian dialectology in bulgarian софия акад изд проф марин дринов isbn 954 430 846 6 oclc 53429452 иванов ivanov йордан yordan 1972 български диалектен атлас български говори от егейска македония bulgarian dialect atlas bulgarian dialects in aegean macedonia in bulgarian софия акад изд проф марин дринов oclc 7321826 кочев kochev иван ivan 2001 български диалектен атлас bulgarian dialect atlas in bulgarian софия ban kk trud isbn 954 90344 1 0 oclc 48368312 v t e dialects of the bulgarian language eastern ru moesian shumen balkan central balkan kotel elena dryanovo panagyurishte pirdop teteven erkech subbalkan rup strandzha thracian smolyan pomak hvoyna chepino paulician banat zlatograd babyak razlog serres nevrokop 1 western ru northwestern byala slatina pleven vidin lom sofia southwestern botevgrad vratsa ihtiman elin pelin samokov dupnitsa kyustendil maleshevo pirin 1 solun kukush 1 transitional tran breznik belogradchik 1 also considered a dialect of macedonian v t e bulgarian language history old bulgarian language church slavonic history of the bulgarian language alphabet bulgarian alphabet romanization transliteration reforms bulgarian braille major topics grammar nouns pronouns verbs conjugation phonology vocabulary dialects literature literature v t e varieties of languages albanian antiguan and barbudan creole arabic aragonese armenian aromanian azerbaijani basque bengali bulgarian catalan chinese danish dutch english french georgian german greek hindi japanese korean macedonian malay maltese norwegian pashto persian polish portuguese punjabi romani romanian russian serbo croatian slovene spanish swedish turkish ukrainian urdu yiddish authority control databases national latvia retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title bulgarian_dialects oldid 1370462222 categories bulgarian language bulgarian language dialects dialects by language hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata articles needing cleanup from december 2025 all pages needing cleanup pages with bulgarian ipa cs1 bulgarian language sources bg webarchive template wayback links all articles with unsourced statements articles with unsourced statements from may 2019 this page was last edited on 21 august 2026 at 06 20 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons 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