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methodology for studying the variety of systems were actually addressed and integrally described in tektology ludwig von bertalanffy in pursuing his negative critique plenge was also joining the term general systems science theory doctrine for the first time suggesting that it should be a replacement for the term tektology the term system s is used 23 times in the article and several times to redescribe tektology as a general science of systems of reality plenge 1927 thus it was plenge who coined the term general systems to refer to tektology in 1927 however the term later comes to be solely associated with von bertalanffy s work boulding 1956 2004 hofkrichner 2005 and 2010 this fact alone requires historians of science and ideas to reconsider the legacy of the general system theory and its position besides this and more importantly the issue of bogdanov s influence on von bertalalnffy s gst needs clarification since it is a fact that both tektology and plenge s review of it got published in von bertalanffy s own native german and this happened at the time bertalanffy was concentrating on the topic namely he was working on his initial ideas of the general system theory from 1926 on that is the year part i of tektology was published in german bogdanov 1926 between 1924 and 1926 von bertalanffy was studying at the university of vienna and writing his phd dissertation titled translation fechner and the problem of integration of the higher order bcsss archive under the supervision of moritz schlick according to pouvreau when von bertlanffy was studying biology there five hours a week he went to the lectures of moritz schlick 1882 1936 on logic and epistemology and took part in a seminar organized by this neo positivist philosopher and founder of the famous vienna circle in 1929 pouvreau 2009 milan zelený claims that by referring to finnish systems scientist ilmari susiluoto s work 1982 moritz schlick the author of general theory of knowledge allgemeine erkenntnislehre in 1918 was backing bogdanov in his lectures 1988 p 332 in this article zelený refers to susiluoto yet susiluoto himself clarifies in his article that he could not find any proof for schlick passing information to von bertalanffy about bogdanov and his tektology what susiluoto indeed claimed was that schlick did back bogdanov when he stood up against the criticism of einstien s relativity theory in russia after the 1917 revolution and he backs this with a reference to the 1923 symposium edited by bogdanov and his friends bazarov and yushkevich on einstein s theory titled e instien s theory of relativity and its philosophical interpretation and published in moscow in this book the principle article was that of bogdanov entitled the principle of relativity from the organizational point of view bogdanov 1923 and the second article after bogdanov s was by schlick the fact that one of von bertalanffy s favourite teachers on the topic of epistemology who was his thesis supervisor and with whom he would stay connected until his death after an attack by a nazi supporter student in 1936 knew about bogdanov and his work which was highly relevant to the dissertation von bertalanffy wrote makes things very curious von bertalanffy published his first book two years after completing his doctoral dissertation the year second part of tektology came out in german and soon after that bogdanov passed away von bertalanffy was so fresh in his studies on the idea and so closely following the debates related to the unity of science movement which was popular in vienna and berlin circles both bogdanov and plenge were well known figures to both these circles which makes things even more interesting moreover hayek to which von bertalanffy refers in his an outline for the general systems theory 1950 devoted an entire chapter on plenge in his road to serfdom hayek and von bertalanffy were both present at the 1960 symposium on principles of self organization organized by heinz von foerster well known cybernetician and relative of hayek and wittgenstein these connections do increase the chance that von bertalanffy knew plenge and they decrease the chance that von bertalanffy did independently develop his ideas from those presented by bogdanov yet still he never referred to or credit his precursor even after the rediscovery of tektology in the 1960s in russia pouvreau 2009 von bertalanffy was explicitly and consciously anti ideological especially in terms of marxism in addition marxism was seen as a threat in academic circles in general in germany and the us therefore reference to the work of a known bolshevik leader would have meant the end of von bertalanffy s career as well as his gst thus he might have remained silent on the issue after von bertalanffy died in 1972 bogdanov and tektology gained wider international recognition as the forerunner and precursor of systems thinking and cybernetics we will never know how would have von bertalanffy reviewed tektology if he had lived through the 70s and 80s yet to a large extent because of von bertalanffy s silence this recognition remained rather limited in the end von bertalanffy and his gst still get the most credit even today as the founder of the systems paradigm enjoying this recognition against the historical facts the new generation of systems thinkers takes von bertalanffy s foundership status for granted when suggesting to see tektology as an attempt to build a general system science allgemeine systemtlehre plenge was also offering another shorter term general systematology to use instead it is very ironic that a similar term systemology is being suggested 80 years later by new generation systems scholars pouvreau and drack 2007 to replace the term with von bertalanffy s gst celebrating it as a full fledged science of systems alexander bogdanov all in all taking together the fact that the terms general system theory allgemeine systemslehre and general science of systems were already coined in the 1920s by johann plenge to describe bogdanov s tektology and the fact that tektology was inclusive many of the terms and principles suggested by von bertallanfy and presented more dudley 1996 we need to finally conclude that it was not von bertalanffy and his gst but bogdanov and his tektology was the moment of emergence of the new worldview that called later in the 20th century systems and later complexity science thinking what emerged with tektology in its original form however was a critical and historical unifying science to serve as a tool for building new systems and eventually a new world to be replaced with capitalist one instead of being a tool box for solving its problems or managing the complexities it encountered from the point of view of the ruling classes in bogdanov the new worldview as picked up by von bertalanffy is meant to be developed from the point of view of the ruled and oppressed the part left out by von bertalanffy this latter aspect gave the main characteristic to bogdanov s work and it meant taking social power relations and inequalities at the core it also meant taking social classes as part of the societal whole ontologically these main aspects of bogdanov s tektology were shaved off or missed in von bertalanffy s version since the early 2000s there emerged a discussion on the nature of the development of the systems paradigm and calls were made to understand the reasons behind its relative failure in becoming a genuinely general universal science with a clear and unifying methodology and principles as it was promised yet not delivered by von bertalanffy and his colleagues like boulding 1956 2004 thus prominent figures in the systems science thinking community have been debating on the issue and inviting their colleagues to return to the origins for a re evaluation rousseau et al 2016 rousseau and at al even developed a proposal for such a model for a really general general systemology 2018 yet although they do themselves make the call the sources where they return at best is again the work of von bertalanffy and those who work with him the emergence is one of the key concepts for the scholars and experts of system and complexity science thinking thus it is a serious contradiction that systems and complexity scientists thinkers insist on referring to von bertalanffy as the founder and the inventor of the gst and not seriously engaging with the general and unifying methodology proposed by bogdanov in tektology decades earlier even if there was no case of plagiarism whatsoever to talk about for von bertalanffy s work there is an urgent need for broader recognition of and engagement with bogdanov s work and his tektology not only as the precursor of the gst as well as cybernetics or etc but as a value in itself the current situation is misleading and promoting a wrong conception of the emergence of systems complexity thinking itself and as a result new researchers are missing an important source of inspiration and knowledge even more ironically marxian and post marxian scholars and theorists who were inspired and influenced by systems and complexity science thinking do not know about and recognize bogdanov and tektology amongst them worldwide recognized scholars and philosophers such as immanuel wallerstein jurgen habermas gilles deleuze jaques derrida michael foucault ernesto laclau and chantal mouffe bob jessop antonio negri so on so forth this must change and it is high time to turn from a historical mistake and make the correction references bertalanffy center for the study of systems science page his life bertalanffy s origins and his first education retrieved 2019 02 04 archived july 25 2011 at the wayback machine bogdanov a 1923 printsip otnositel nosti s organizatsionnoi tochki zreniya the principle of relativity from the organizational point of view in teoriya otnositel nosti i ee filosofskoe istolkovanie moscow izd t vo mir 156 pp pp 101 122 articles also by m schlick v a bazarov p s yushkevich rgaspi f 259 op 1 d 36 printed text kremlin library rgb russian state library bogdanov a a 1926 allgemeine organisationlehre tektologie book i hirzel berlin bogdanov a a 1928 allgemeine organisationlehre tektologie book ii hirzel berlin boulding k 1956 2004 general systems theory the skeleton of science in management science vol 2 3 april 1956 197 208 reprinted in e co vol 6 nos 1 2 fall 2004 127 139 dudley p 1996 back to basics tektology and general system theory gst systems practice vol 9 3 273 284 hayek f a 1944 road to serfdom georgeroutledge sons hofkirchner w 2010 general systems theory the origins of general systems theory online at www hofkirchner uti at wp content uploads 2010 10 gstcombined pdf hofkirchner w 2005 ludwig von bertalanffy forerunner of evolutionary systems theory in gu j chroust g eds the new role of systems sciences for a knowledge based society proceedings of the first world congress of the international federation for systems research kobe japan cd rom isbn 4 903092 02 x 6 plenge j 1927 um die allgemeine organisationslehre weltwirtschaftliches archiv 25 bd 1927 pp 18 29 online at https ia802808 us archive org 1 items plengereviewoftektology plenge 20review 20of 20tektology pdf google translated version of plenge s review is online at https docs google com document d 125b9etoorugxj1hl4sv5sscupz0xx sjg4dklunfqzy edit fbclid iwar18hpckwgaqvlwz_kbrqd0nhyyklzrrbi0pu7f15idgitzl07uhhlxayze 5d prouveau d 2009 the dialectical tragedy of the concept of wholeness ludwig von bertalanffy s biography revisited isce publishing pouvreau d and drack m 2007 on the history of ludwig von bertalanffy s general systemology and on its relationship to cybernetics international journal of general systems vol 36 3 june 2007 pp 281 337 rousseau d et al 2018 general systemology transdisciplinarity for discovery insight and innovation spingler rousseau d bellingham j wilby j blachfellner s 2016 in search of general systems theory systema pp 76 99 susiluoto i 1982 the origins and development of systems thinking in the soviet union dissertationes humanarum litteratum no 30 academia scientarium fennica helsinki 1982 white j 2019 red hamlet the life and ideas of alexander bogdanov historical materialism book series brill zelený m 1988 tectology international journal of general systems vol 14 4 331 342 posted in movements 1 reply bogdanov was the founder of critical cultural western marxism as opposed to catholic orthodox and protestant versions of religious and scholastic marxism s posted on january 29 2019 by örsan şenalp reply the below is the list of alexander bogdanov s main works in book format and here is the russian language list compiled by one of the editors of the alexander bogdanov library evgeni v pavlov https bogdanovlibrary org main works 1 bogdanov s books in russian bogdanov a short course of economic science moscow 1897 st petersburg 1899 1905 moscow 1920 1922 1923 1924 petrograd 1922 1923 kharkov 1922 1923 kursk 1922 novgorod 1922 15 editions bogdanov a key elements of natural studies st petersburg 1899 bogdanov a cognition from historical point of view st petersburg 1901 bogdanov a on psychology of society articles of 1901 1904 st petersburg 1904 1906 bogdanov a as ryadovoy olminsky m our misunderstandings geneva 1904 bogdanov a empiriomonısm articles on philosophy vol 1 moscow 1904 vol 2 moscow 1905 vol 3 moscow 1906 bogdanov a red star novel utopia st petersburg 1908 moscow leningrad 1924 1929 6 editions bogdanov a destruction of a great fetishism faith and science st petersburg 1910 bogdanov a stepanov n course of political economy vol 1 st petersburg 1910 vol 2 moscow prague 1919 1920 1925 3 editions bogdanov a cultural task of the present st petersburg 1911 bogdanov a engineer menni fantastic novel st petersburg 1912 moscow 1918 bogdanov a general science of organisation tektology vol 1 2 st petersburg 1913 berlin petrograd 1922 1927 vol 3 berlin petrograd 1922 1925 1929 3 editions bogdanov a philosophy of alive experience essays st petersburg 1913 moscow 1920 1923 bogdanov a introduction in political economy in questions and answers st petersburg 1914 moscow 1917 bogdanov a science about common consciousness moscow 1914 1918 1923 bogdanov a question of socialism moscow 1918 bogdanov a as werner n for what does society develop vyatka 1918 bogdanov a introductory course of political economy moscow 1918 1920 1924 kazan 1918 tashkent 1918 tyumen 1920 kharkov 1921 yekaterinoslav 1921 ryazan 1923 saratov 1923 11 editions bogdanov a the elements of proletarian culture in development of working class moscow 1920 bogdanov a essays on general science tektology samara 1921 bogdanov a on proletarian culture 1904 1924 leningrad moscow 1924 bogdanov s books in english bogdanov a a short course of economic science ed by s m dvolaitsky london communist party of gr britain 1923 1927 bogdanov a essays in tektology the general science of organization transl by george gorelik seaside california 1980 bogdanov ...
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