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iana purchase mississippi river and missouri river state kansas louisiana purchase great plains and missouri river state michigan old northwest and great lakes state minnesota old northwest louisiana purchase mississippi river part of red river colony before 1818 great lakes state missouri louisiana purchase mississippi river ohio river joins near the state border missouri river and border state nebraska louisiana purchase great plains and missouri river state north dakota louisiana purchase part of red river colony before 1818 great plains and missouri river state ohio old northwest historic connecticut western reserve ohio river and great lakes state the southeastern part of the state is part of northern appalachia south dakota louisiana purchase great plains and missouri river state wisconsin old northwest mississippi river and great lakes state various organizations define the midwest with slightly different groups of states for example the council of state governments an organization for communication and coordination among state governments includes in its midwest regional office eleven states from the above list omitting missouri which is in the csg south region 132 the midwest region of the national park service consists of these twelve states plus the state of arkansas 133 the midwest archives conference a professional archives organization covers the above twelve states plus kentucky 134 a 2023 emerson college middle west review poll includes the above twelve states plus oklahoma and wyoming 135 136 state 2020 census 2010 census change area density iowa 3 190 369 3 046 355 4 73 55 857 09 sq mi 144 669 2 km 2 57 sq mi 22 km 2 kansas 2 937 880 2 853 118 2 97 81 758 65 sq mi 211 753 9 km 2 36 sq mi 14 km 2 missouri 6 154 913 5 988 927 2 77 68 741 47 sq mi 178 039 6 km 2 90 sq mi 35 km 2 nebraska 1 961 504 1 826 341 7 40 76 824 11 sq mi 198 973 5 km 2 26 sq mi 10 km 2 north dakota 779 094 672 591 15 83 69 000 74 sq mi 178 711 1 km 2 11 sq mi 4 km 2 south dakota 886 667 814 180 8 90 75 810 94 sq mi 196 349 4 km 2 12 sq mi 5 km 2 great plains 15 910 427 15 201 512 4 66 427 993 00 sq mi 1 108 496 8 km 2 37 sq mi 14 km 2 illinois 12 812 508 12 830 632 0 14 55 518 89 sq mi 143 793 3 km 2 231 sq mi 89 km 2 indiana 6 785 528 6 483 802 4 65 35 826 08 sq mi 92 789 1 km 2 189 sq mi 73 km 2 michigan 10 077 331 9 883 640 1 96 56 538 86 sq mi 146 435 0 km 2 178 sq mi 69 km 2 minnesota 5 706 494 5 303 925 7 59 79 626 68 sq mi 206 232 2 km 2 72 sq mi 28 km 2 ohio 11 799 448 11 536 504 2 28 40 860 66 sq mi 105 828 6 km 2 289 sq mi 111 km 2 wisconsin 5 893 718 5 686 986 3 64 54 157 76 sq mi 140 268 0 km 2 109 sq mi 42 km 2 great lakes 53 085 258 51 725 489 2 63 322 528 93 sq mi 835 346 1 km 2 165 sq mi 64 km 2 total 68 995 685 66 927 001 3 09 750 521 93 sq mi 1 943 842 9 km 2 92 sq mi 35 km 2 major metropolitan areas edit metropolitan statistical areas msa ranked by population size rank mid west rank usa msa state s population 137 1 3 chicago illinois indiana wisconsin 9 449 351 2 14 detroit michigan 4 392 041 3 16 twin cities minneapolis saint paul minnesota wisconsin 3 690 261 4 21 st louis missouri illinois 2 820 253 5 30 cincinnati ohio kentucky indiana 2 249 797 6 31 kansas city missouri kansas 2 192 035 7 32 cleveland ohio 2 185 825 8 33 columbus ohio 2 138 926 9 34 indianapolis indiana 2 089 653 10 40 milwaukee wisconsin 1 574 731 11 51 grand rapids michigan 1 150 015 12 57 omaha nebraska iowa 967 604 13 74 dayton ohio 814 049 14 81 des moines iowa 709 466 15 85 akron ohio 702 219 16 87 madison wisconsin 680 796 17 90 wichita kansas 647 610 18 96 toledo ohio 606 240 demographics edit cathedral of saint paul minnesota race 2022 138 population share of population white non hispanic 50 186 628 73 0 black non hispanic 6 797 609 9 9 asian non hispanic 2 383 156 3 5 native american non hispanic 268 845 0 4 pacific islander non hispanic 41 630 0 1 multiracial non hispanic 2 901 606 4 2 some other race non hispanic 293 288 0 4 hispanic or latino of any race 5 914 837 8 6 total 68 787 600 100 0 historical racial composition of the midwest 1890 1960 139 racial composition 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 white 97 8 97 9 98 0 97 5 96 5 96 3 94 7 93 0 black 1 9 1 9 1 8 2 3 3 3 3 5 5 0 6 7 asian 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 native american 0 3 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 historical ethnic racial composition of the midwest 1970 2020 racial ethnic composition 1970 140 141 1980 142 1990 143 2000 144 2010 145 2020 146 white non hispanic 89 6 87 5 85 8 81 4 77 8 72 6 black non hispanic 7 9 9 0 9 5 9 9 10 2 10 3 asian non hispanic 0 2 0 6 1 3 1 8 2 6 3 5 native american non hispanic 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 6 0 6 some other race non hispanic 0 2 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 two or more races non hispanic 1 4 1 7 4 0 hispanic or latino any race 1 9 2 2 2 9 4 8 7 0 8 7 according to the 2022 american community survey 22 6 of the midwest s population report german ancestry 10 6 report irish ancestry 9 4 report english ancestry 5 9 report mexican ancestry 4 8 identify their ancestry as american 4 3 report polish ancestry and 2 6 report norwegian ancestry 147 148 the midwest is home to the largest concentration of german americans within the us with this group making up over 30 of the population in north dakota south dakota wisconsin iowa and nebraska in addition to german americans the upper midwest is home to a large population of scandinavian americans in minnesota 11 8 of the population identifies with norwegian ancestry while 6 4 report swedish ancestry 149 in north dakota 22 of the population reports norwegian ancestry the highest rate in the country 150 while the midwest historically had a very small black population 151 this changed in the early 20th century as numerous african americans left the south for major urban areas in the north and west fleeing racial persecution and seeking new economic opportunities in a population movement known as the great migration 152 this drastically changed the demographics of many midwestern cities that had previously been almost entirely populated by white americans leading to segregation and discrimination against the growing black population racial violence and white flight to suburban areas from 1910 to 1970 black americans increased from 2 of chicago s population to 33 and became almost half of the population in detroit 153 154 as a result of the great migration black americans currently make up 10 of the midwest s population with over 96 being concentrated in urban areas including major cities like chicago detroit cleveland and milwaukee as well as medium sized cities like gary and flint 155 at the same time most of the rural midwest has remained overwhelmingly white with almost two thirds of the 1 055 counties in the midwest being over 95 white illinois is the most populous and racially diverse state in the midwest 156 and out of all 50 states it is also ranked as the most representative of the overall demographics of the united states on several metrics including religion race ethnicity and urban rural divide 157 almost half of the hispanic population in the midwest resides in illinois mostly in the chicago metro area as of 2022 the median household income in the midwest is 70 283 slightly lower than the national average of 74 755 12 2 of the region s population lives below the poverty line including roughly 16 of children under 18 and 10 of seniors over 65 the average household size in the midwest is 2 4 people 158 as of 2022 the median age in the midwest is 39 2 years with 22 of the population being under 18 and 18 being over 65 the age distribution in the midwest broadly matches the us as a whole in terms of sex 50 3 of the region s population are female and 49 7 are male half of the population over the age of 15 are married while half are unmarried 158 religion edit like the rest of the united states the midwest is predominantly christian 159 the majority of midwesterners are protestants with rates from 48 percent in illinois to 63 percent in iowa 160 however the catholic church is the single largest denomination varying between 18 percent and 34 percent of the state populations 161 162 lutherans are prevalent in the upper midwest especially in michigan minnesota the dakotas and wisconsin with their large german and scandinavian populations 163 southern baptists compose about 15 percent of missouri s population 164 but much smaller percentages in other midwestern states judaism and islam are collectively practiced by 2 percent of the population with higher concentrations in major urban areas 35 percent of midwesterners attend religious services every week and 69 percent attend at least a few times a year people with no religious affiliation make up 22 percent of the midwest s population 165 economy edit farming and agriculture edit further information corn belt wheat production in the united states and history of agriculture in the united states a pastoral farm scene near traverse city michigan with a classic american red barn agriculture is one of the biggest drivers of local economies in the midwest accounting for billions of dollars worth of exports and thousands of jobs the area consists of some of the richest farming land in the world 166 the region s fertile soil combined with the steel plow has made it possible for farmers to produce abundant harvests of grain and cereal crops including corn wheat soybeans oats and barley to become known today as the nation s breadbasket 167 henry a wallace a pioneer of hybrid seeds declared in 1956 that the corn belt developed the most productive agricultural civilization the world has ever seen 168 today the u s produces 40 percent of the world crop 169 the very dense soil of the midwest plagued the first settlers who were using wooden plows which were more suitable for loose forest soil on the prairie the plows bounced around and the soil stuck to them this problem was solved in 1837 by an illinois blacksmith named john deere who developed a steel moldboard plow that was stronger and cut the roots making the fertile soils of the prairie ready for farming citation needed farms spread from the colonies westward along with the settlers in cooler regions wheat was often the crop of choice when lands were newly settled leading to a wheat frontier that moved westward over the course of years also very common in the antebellum midwest was farming corn while raising hogs complementing each other especially since it was difficult to get grain to market before the canals and railroads after the wheat frontier had passed through an area more diversified farms including dairy and beef cattle generally took its place citation needed the introduction and broad adoption of scientific agriculture since the mid 19th century contributed to economic growth in the united states central iowa cornfield part of the corn belt this development was facilitated by the morrill act and the hatch act of 1887 which established in each state a land grant university with a mission to teach and study agriculture and a federally funded system of agricultural experiment stations and cooperative extension networks which place extension agents in each state iowa state university became the nation s first designated land grant institution when the iowa legislature accepted the provisions of the 1862 morrill act on september 11 1862 making iowa the first state in the nation to do so 170 soybeans were not widely cultivated in the united states until the early 1930s and by 1942 the u s became the world s largest soybean producer partially because of world war ii and the need for domestic sources of fats oils and meal between 1930 and 1942 the united states share of world soybean production skyrocketed from 3 percent to 46 5 percent largely as a result of increase in the midwest and by 1969 it had risen to 76 percent 171 iowa and illinois rank first and second in the nation in soybean production in 2012 iowa produced 14 5 percent and illinois produced 13 3 percent of the nation s soybeans 172 the tallgrass prairie has been converted into one of the most intensive crop producing areas in north america less than one tenth of one percent 0 09 of the original landcover of the tallgrass prairie biome remains 173 states formerly with landcover in native tallgrass prairie such as iowa illinois minnesota wisconsin nebraska and missouri have become valued for their highly productive soils the corn belt is a region of the midwest where corn has since the 1850s been the predominant crop replacing the native tall grasses the corn belt region is defined typically to include iowa illinois indiana southern michigan western ohio eastern nebraska eastern kansas southern minnesota and parts of missouri 174 as of 2008 update the top four corn producing states were iowa illinois nebraska and minnesota together accounting for more than half of the corn grown in the united states 175 the corn belt also sometimes is defined to include parts of south dakota north dakota wisconsin and kentucky 176 the region is characterized by relatively level land and deep fertile soils high in organic matter 177 iowa produces the largest corn crop of any state in 2012 iowa farmers produced 18 3 percent of the nation s corn while illinois produced 15 3 percent 172 in 2011 there were 13 7 million harvested acres of corn for grain producing 2 36 billion bushels which yielded 172 0 bu acre with us 14 5 billion of corn value of production 178 wheat production in kansas wheat is produced throughout the midwest and is the principal cereal grain in the country the u s is ranked third in production volume of wheat with almost 58 million tons produced in the 2012 2013 growing season behind only china and india the combined production of all european union nations is larger than china 179 the u s ranks first in crop export volume almost 50 percent of total wheat produced is exported citation needed the u s department of agriculture defines eight official classes of wheat durum wheat hard red spring wheat hard red winter wheat soft red winter wheat hard white wheat soft white wheat unclassed wheat and mixed wheat 180 winter wheat accounts for 70 to 80 percent of total production in the u s with the largest amounts produced in kansas 10 8 million tons and north dakota 9 8 million tons of the total wheat produced in the country 50 percent is exported valued at us 9 billion 181 midwestern states also lead the nation in other agricultural commodities including pork iowa beef and veal nebraska dairy wisconsin and chicken eggs iowa 172 finance edit the chicago board of trade floor in 1993 it is one of the world s oldest futures and options exchanges 182 chicago is the largest economic and financial center of the midwest and has the third largest gross metropolitan product in north america approximately 689 billion after the regions of new york city and los angeles chicago was named the fourth most important business center in the world in the ma...

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