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rces to note conversation between friends family and individuals scattered across the former ussr allowing extended monologues to unfurl and discussions to bubble up from personal perspectives the volume intricately and expertly develops the emotional wrenching that took place the confusion anger and hope intertwined as events developed day by uncertain day in one such example elena y in conversation with her friend and the author remembers and describes the general confusion during the mikhail gorbachev years during protests and riots in the latter years of the ussr we were preparing for world war to break out our greatest fear was nuclear war we never saw our own nation s demise coming we didn t expect it not in the slightest we d gotten used to the may and october parades the posters lenin s work will live on for centuries the party is our helmsman then suddenly instead of a procession it was a primordial mob these weren t the soviet people any more they were some other people we didn t know their posters were totally different put the communist scum on trial we ll crush the communist scum i immediately thought of novocherkassk the information was classified but we all knew what happened there how during khrushchev s time hungry workers had protested and were shot those who didn t die were sent off to labour camps their relatives still don t know where they went and here it s perestroika elena s friend anna i recalls a slightly different viewpoint during the late 1980 s protests our faith was sincere naive we thought that any minute now there were buses idling outside waiting to take us away to democracy we d finally leave behind these run down khrushchyovkas and move into beautiful houses build autobahns to replace these broken down roads and we d all turn into respectable people no one searched for rational proof that any of this would really happen there was none the above quotations are taken from alexievich 2016 96 102 in another example n an individual who presents a rare kremlin insider view at the time spoke to the author after much persuasion and delivers his thoughts on the 1991 version of events he highlights the fickle nature of truth i ll tell you something else witnesses can be manipulated too they re not robots they are manipulated by television newspapers friends corporate interests who has the real truth as far as i understand the truth is something that s sought out by specially trained experts judges scholars priests everyone else is ruled by their ambition and their emotions a pause i ve read your books you shouldn t put so much stock in what people say in human truth history records the lives of ideas people don t write it time does human truth is just a nail that everybody hangs their hats on the above quotation is taken from alexievich 2016 190 191 in chronicling the demise of the soviet republics alexievich presents what it was like to live in the decade that came after the dissolution of the ussr in 1991 with both the rise of the oligarchs that dominated the economic and political scene following the rise of boris yeltsin taking on the role of the first president of the russian federation in the 1990 s and the associated rise of so called crony capitalism this is discussed alongside the profound impact that the stripping away of a social political identity had on the population at large and on a deeply personal level as indicated above i m currently only a part of the way through this 600 page tome but it has made for enlightening and fascinating reading on what it was like to live in the ussr to live through such historic periods as the late 1980 s and 1990 s and to watch your country completely change or to invest your time and energy into thinking that your country will completely change only for it to not appear as expected or as hoped the parallels with today could be made but well reader do i need to tell you this would be incredibly lazy of me however as the topic of second hand time is not comparable at least directly to the modern machinations of politics in the united states of america or of the united kingdom although the shock presidential election and its outcome has led to much soul searching within the united states of america the political process and social fabric has not changed currently it is still firmly a democratically ran country the outcome of the united kingdom s european union membership referendum mid way through 2016 was again another shock political result and although as with the result of the american election the political social and economic ties may be re assessed in the short term it remains the status quo it is instead distinctly russian and although the ideology that guides the country as it is known today is firmly different from the ideology that underpinned the ussr the history of russia and its people must be taken in the long view this blog entry started by my open enthusiasm of russian literature and history and the related bibliography that bookends this post represents some of the volumes i have read within the past few years you ll notice however that they are largely not russian or slavic authors bar the classic novels or accounts that i ve read by bulgakov 1 gogol platonov sholokhov solzhenitsyn teffi tolstoy etc that the research has largely been either primarily written in english or translated from the russian sources this is largely due to the availability of such volumes my inability to read in any other language and my knowledge of such volumes as such i d ask that if you have any recommendations of history books or collections of the testimonies of the populations that lived in the ussr translated into english then please do let me know in the comments below notes 1 bonus osteology points writer physician and playwright mikhail bulgakov 1891 1940 author of the sublime novel the master margarita finally published in 1966 described the pathological effect and characteristic morphology that the sexually transmitted disease syphilis had in its later stages on human bone particularly in the thinning of the anterior aspect of the tibia saber shin in congenital syphilis and in the general appearance of abnormal osteophytes in the soviet republics this was called bulgakov s sign which is also lovingly known as bandy legs sign in the west bibliography further reading alexievich s 2016 second hand time the last of the soviets translated from russian by bela shayevich london fitzcarraldo editions applebaum a 2004 gulag a history of the soviet camps london penguin books applebaum a 2013 iron curtain the crushing of eastern europe london penguin books chandler r ed 2012 russian magic tales from puskin to platonov london penguin classics merridale c 2013 red fortress the secret heart of russia s history london allen lane teffi 2016 memories from moscow to the black sea translated from russian by r chandler e chandler a m jackson i steinberg london pushkin press tags bioarchaeology book review literature russian literature second hand time svetlana alexievich world politics comments 6 comments categories bioarchaeology book review books russia russian literature second hand time svetlana alexievich syphilis teffi tibia travel writing updates ussr world heritage a personal anthropology of driving 12 mar as i shift the gear stick i can feel the muscles tensing and releasing in my left arm i can also imagine the tendons moving smoothly under the flesh like steel lift cables as the contracting muscles react to the electric jolts shooting down the nervous pathways spread across the body both of my legs work in tandem with my left arm to leverage the accelerator and clutch pedals in a fluid series of movements to change the engines gear whilst the right arm keeps the steering wheel stable my eyes keep a steady lookout at the road ahead alert to the changes around me and the weather before me as the grey clouds break and heavy raindrops start to splatter the windscreen a quick flick of my index finger switches the front wipers on my ears are primed to the sounds of passing engines or the screaming sirens of emergency vehicles perceptibly but just i can feel my heart beat that much faster as my right foot presses down on the accelerator at a stretch i d say it was beating in time to the song playing but that may be poetic licence and an exaggeration broken bones convoluted as a medical history it has been just over a year since i first started driving in a daily capacity after passing my driving test a few years ago it has been a long and somewhat patient journey to get to this stage i had passed the theory and practical tests almost two years beforehand but a well timed pathological fracture to the right tibia and fibula bones of the lower leg as when a tibia breaks the fibula acting as a supporting lateral strut to the larger and more robust tibia bone and connected to it by a tough fibrous tissue also often fractures kept me off the road for a good while after having just ordered a car for the first time after healing from this fracture the third such transverse fracture for these two bones i was again ready to hop in the car and onto the road but this time as a fully legitimate legal driver no longer in a training vehicle my body however had different ideas as i went on instead to fracture the right humerus bone of the upper arm in an accident shortly before receiving the said car delaying once again my time to drive and the time on the tarmac as a direct result of these two separate fracture incidents i gained two new titanium plates as permanent and palpable bodily additions and welcomed though somewhat initially delayed doses of entinox and morphine to subdue the immediate pain from the fractures themselves after the initial throbbing pain of a fractured bone which is enhanced by the muscle spasms and contractions that often accompany a break of a major limb bone the pain starts to wear off to a gentle ache once the limb has been stabilized protected and padded from any further movement or injury where necessary the bone is reduced to the correct alignment the reduction of the bone can without anesthetic be as painful as initially fracturing the bone itself as indicated above my fractures were treated surgically to correct long standing problems using metallic alloys fashioned into a sturdy plate screwed onto the bone which help prevent stress shielding and allow the natural responsive dynamics of bone modelling to continue it should be stated here that fractures can also be treated conservatively with limb immobilization and pain relief given whilst the bone heals itself if a good enough reduction and union can be carried out without the need for surgical intervention humerous triptych pre surgical and post surgical fixation with the use of a permanent titanium plate on the right humerus upper arm following the pathological fracture i sustained in an accident in july 2014 as a result of having mccune albright syndrome and the associated polyostotic fibrous dysplasia pfd disorder where bone tissue is replaced with a fibrous tissues my skeletal system is weaker than normal with a higher bone cell turnover rate pathological lesions in the bone which can already be naturally deformed in size and shape can lead to fractures so called ground glass visual which can be found on x rays of pfd bone if reproduced elsewhere please credit as appropriate and inform the author of this blog i said it was a long and patient journey because the majority of the time spent waiting to drive was spent silently healing my head often buried in an article or a book whilst devouring coffee it took a long time for the two pieces of the bone shafts to become one again as the callus formed and bridged the fracture site the woven bone that is initially laid down changing over time to lamellar or mature bone so much so that in some cases bone fracture sites can be completely remodeled with little noticeable sign of a historic break ever having taken place during this time i was shuttled from appointment to appointment as a passenger in my assigned vehicle wondering what it was like to dictate the journey and the destination what it was like to take control on starting you may think that i would be wary of driving due to the above described frailties that my body imposed on my life but i was ready to go and ready to face the roads of my country i was and remain eager to explore the freedom of the road alongside the exploration of the idea that that freedom represents in itself many of my friends had started driving at 17 or 18 years old had passed their tests and then drove aimlessly to gain experience on the roads around the regional towns only to abandon their cars as they themselves started undergraduate courses at universities in other towns and other cities across the country running a car and having the money to fund the fuel bill insurance road tax and other associated costs was an expense that many didn t have and didn t need at that time in their lives i too had started to learn to drive at that age but i soon gave it up frustrated at the confusing methods used by the teacher and wary of the upcoming femoral fixation surgeries that i faced at that time to limit what appeared to be regular interruptions of forced stillness in my life i was happy to ignore the need to drive for another decade or so not needing to do it for my undergraduate and postgraduate university courses and happy to use the trains and other methods of public transport for work and pleasure indeed i came to love the numerous hours spent commuting to volunteer placements work and journeys to see friends and old companions it was time to relax to speak to other passengers to sit and to read or simply to sit and to stare at the countyside unfolding before me as every driver informs every non driver the convenience of the car is the epitome of freedom over the strict timetable of public transport as an ardent user and lover of the train the misery of the delay is trumped by the friends made in the carriage and by the regulars who recognize you in turn i remained somewhat skeptical of this claim what i had not counted on however was how it actually felt to have that freedom when i drove myself both for my own pleasure and as a matter of commuting to and from my workplace there have been times when i am driving down an empty flyover at 1am with the twinkle of the industrial north to my right and the disappearance of the work office behind me and as the song i m listening to reaches its crescendo i feel somewhat at peace with the world around me this is of course the thrill of riding an empty road listening to your favorite music and soaking in every last note sounded and vocal moaned but driving with a crowd is different but it is different for me in particular to drive to think the car for me and the act of driving the car means that i can merge in with the public body at large in a seemingly innocuous...
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