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ound a beautiful library that implements a simple framework allowing the easy implementation of a golang based lsp serverö https github com tliron glsp using that i quickly hacked up a server that can provide overview of all standard library functions on hover completion of all standard library functions i ve tested this in both gnu emacs and neovim so that means i m happy i support all editors more seriously if it works in two then that probably means that the lsp stuff should work elsewhere too here s what the help on hover looks like within emacs vim looks similar but you have to press k to see the wee popup still kinda cute and was a good experiment 28 november 2022 04 45pm john goerzen flying joy wisdom from my 5 year old when flying in a small plane it is important to give your dolls a headset and let them see out the window too moments like this make me smile at being a pilot dad a week ago i also got to give 8 children and one adult their first ever ride in any kind of airplane through eaa s young eagles program i got to hear several say oh wow it s so beautiful look at all the little houses and my favorite how can i be a pilot 28 november 2022 04 04pm by john goerzen november 26 2022 benjamin mako hill the financial times has been printing an obvious error on its market data page for 18 months and nobody else seems to have noticed market data section of the financial times us edition print edition from may 5 2021 if you ve flipped through printed broadsheet newspapers you ve probably seen pages full of tiny text listing prices and other market information for stocks and commodities and you ve almost certainly just turned the page anybody interested in this market prices today will turn to the internet where these numbers are available in real time and where you don t need to squint to find what you need this is presumably why many newspapers have stopped printing these types of pages or dramatically reduced the space devoted to them major financial newspapers however like the financial times ft still print multiple pages of market data daily but does anybody read them the answer appears to be no how do i know i noticed an error in the ft s market data page that anybody looking in the relevant section of the page would have seen and i have watched it been reproduced every single day for the last 18 months in early may last year i noticed that the the japanese telecom giant nippon telegraph and telephon ntt was listed twice on the ft s list of the 500 largest global companies once as nippon t t and also as nippon tt one right above the other all the numbers are identical clearly a mistake reproduction of the ft market data section showing a subset of japanese companies from the ft 500 list of global companies the duplicate lines are highlighted in yellow this page is from today s paper november 26 2022 wondering if it was a one off error i looked at a copy of the paper from about a week before and saw that the error did not exist then i looked a copy from one day before and saw that it did since the issue was apparently recurring but new at the time i figured someone at the paper would notice and fix it quickly i was wrong it has been 18 months now and the error has been reproduced every single day looking through the archives it seems that the first day the error showed up was may 5 2021 i ve included a screenshot from the electronic paper version from that day and from the fifth of every month since then or the sixth if the paper was not printed on the fifth that shows that the error is reproduced every day a quick look in the archives suggests it not only appears in the us edition but also in the uk european asian and middle east editions all of them why does this matter the ft prints over 112 000 copies of its paper six days a week this duplicate line takes up almost no space of course so it s not a big deal on its own but devoting two full broadsheet pages to market data that is out date as soon as it is printed much of which nobody appears to be reading doesn t seem like a great use of resources there s an argument to made that papers like the ft print these these pages not because they are useful but because doing so is a signal of the publications identities as serious financial papers but that hardly seems like a good enough reason on its own if nobody is looking at them it seems well past time for newspapers to stop wasting paper and ink on these pages i respect that some people think that printing paper newspapers at all is wasteful when one can just read the material online plenty of people disagree of course but who will disagree with a call to stop printing material that evidence suggests is not being seen by anybody if an error this obvious can exist for so long it seems clear that nobody not even anybody at the ft itself is reading it 26 november 2022 08 37pm by benjamin mako hill matthew garrett poking a mobile hotspot i ve been playing with an orbic speed a relatively outdated device that only speaks lte cat 4 but the towers i can see from here are uh not well provisioned so throughput really isn t a concern and refurbs are 18 so as usual i m pretty terrible at just buying devices and using them for their intended purpose and in this case it has the irritating behaviour that if there s a power cut and the battery runs out it doesn t boot again when power returns so here s what i ve learned so far first it s clearly running linux nmap indicates that as do the headers from the built in webserver the login page for the web interface has some text reading open source notice that highlights when you move the mouse over it but that s it there s code to make the text light up but it s not actually a link there s no exposed license notices at all although there is a copy on the filesystem that doesn t seem to be reachable from anywhere the notice tells you to email them to receive source code but doesn t actually provide an email address still let s see what else we can figure out there s no open ports other than the web server but there is an update utility that includes some interesting components first there s a copy of adb the android debug bridge that doesn t mean the device is running android it s common for embedded devices from various vendors to use a bunch of android infrastructure including the bootloader while having a non android userland on top but this is still slightly surprising because the device isn t exposing an adb interface over usb there s also drivers for various qualcomm endpoints that are again not exposed running the utility under windows while the modem is connected results in the modem rebooting and windows talking about new hardware being detected and watching the device manager shows a bunch of com ports being detected and bound by qualcomm drivers so what s it doing sticking the utility into ghidra and looking for strings that correspond to the output that the tool conveniently leaves in the logs subdirectory shows that after finding a device it calls vendor_device_send_cmd this is implemented in a copy of libusb win32 that again has no offer for source code but it s also easy to drop that into ghidra and discover thatn vendor_device_send_cmd is just a wrapper for usb_control_msg dev 0xc0 0xa0 0 0 null 0 1000 sending that from linux results in the device rebooting and suddenly exposing some more usb endpoints including a functional adb interface although annoyingly the rndis interface that enables usb tethering via the modem is now missing unfortunately the adb user is unprivileged but most files on the system are world readable data logs atfwd log is especially interesting this modem has an application processor built into the modem chipset itself and while the modem implements the hayes command set there s also a mechanism for userland to register that certain at commands should be pushed up to userland these are handled by the atfwd_daemon that runs as root and conveniently logs everything it s up to this includes having logged all the communications executed when the update tool was run earlier so let s dig into that the system sends a bunch of at syscmd commands each of which is in the form of echo stuff usrdata sec chipid once that s all done it sends at chipid receives a response of chipid pass and then at ser 3 1 at which point the modem reboots back into the normal mode adb is gone but rndis is back but the logs also reveal that between the chipid request and the response is a security check that involves rsa the logs on the client side show that the text being written to the chipid file is a single block of base64 encoded data decoding it just gives apparently random binary heading back to ghidra shows that atfwd_daemon is reading the chipid file and then decrypting it with an rsa key the key is obtained by calling a series of functions each of which returns a long base64 encoded string decoding each of these gives 1028 bytes of high entropy data which is then passed to another function that decrypts it using aes cbc using a key of 000102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f and an initialization vector of all 0s this is somewhat weird since there s 1028 bytes of data and 128 bit aes works on blocks of 16 bytes the behaviour of openssl is apparently to just pad the data out to a multiple of 16 bytes but that implies that we re going to end up with a block of garbage at the end it turns out not to matter despite the fact that we decrypt 1028 bytes of input only the first 200 bytes mean anything with the rest just being garbage concatenating all of that together gives us a pkcs 8 private key blob in pem format which means we have not only the private key but also the public key so what s in the encrypted data and where did it come from in the first place it turns out to be a json blob that contains the imei and the serial number of the modem this is information that can be read from the modem in the first place so it s not secret the modem decrypts it compares the values in the blob to its own values and if they match sets a flag indicating that validation has succeeeded but what encrypted it in the first place it turns out that the json blob is just posted to http pro w ifelman com api encrypt and an encrypted blob returned of course the fact that it s being encrypted on the server with the public key and sent to the modem that decrypted with the private key means that having access to the modem gives us the public key as well which means we can just encrypt our own blobs what does that buy us digging through the code shows the only case that it seems to matter is when parsing the at ser command the first argument to this is the serial mode to transition to and the second is whether this should be a temporary transition or a permanent one once parsed these arguments are passed to sbin usb compositions switch_usb which just writes the mode out to usrdata mode cfg if permanent or usrdata mode_tmp cfg if temporary on boot data usb boot_hsusb_composition reads the number from this file and chooses which usb profile to apply this requires no special permissions except if the number is 3 if so the rsa verification has to be performed first this is somewhat strange since mode 9 gives the same rndis functionality as mode 3 but also still leaves the debug and diagnostic interfaces enabled so what s the point of all of this i m honestly not sure it doesn t seem like any sort of effective enforcement mechanism even ignoring the fact that you can just create your own blobs if you change the imei on the device somehow you can just post the new values to the server and get back a new blob so the best i ve been able to come up with is to ensure that there s some mapping between imei and serial number before the device can be transitioned into production mode during manufacturing but uh we can just ignore all of this anyway remember that at syscmd stuff that was writing the data to usrdata sec chipid in the first place anything that s passed to at syscmd is just executed as root which means we can just write a new value including 3 to usrdata mode cfg in the first place without needing to jump through any of these hoops which also means we can just adb push a shell onto there and then use the at interface to make it suid root which avoids needing to figure out how to exploit any of the bugs that are just sitting there given it s running a 3 18 48 kernel anyway i ve now got a modem that s got working usb tethering and also exposes a working adb interface and i ve got root on it which let me dump the bootloader and discover that it implements fastboot and has an oem off mode charge command which solves the problem i wanted to solve of having the device boot when it gets power again unfortunately i still need to get into fastboot mode i haven t found a way to do it through software adb reboot bootloader doesn t do anything but this post suggests it s just a matter of grounding a test pad at which point i should just be able to run fastboot oem off mode charge and it ll be all set but that s a job for tomorrow edit got into fastboot mode and ran fastboot oem off mode charge 0 but sadly it doesn t actually do anything so i guess next is going to involve patching the bootloader binary since it s signed with a cert titled general use test key for testing only it apparently doesn t have secure boot enabled so this should be easy enough comments 26 november 2022 07 09am november 25 2022 russ allbery podlators 5 00 podlators is my collection of pod formatting modules which generate roff or text possibly with escape sequence markup from the documentation format used by perl and some other packages this is a major release the biggest since the pod simple rewrite in 2005 the headline news is that after some fairly extensive investigation this release of pod man finally changes the default output format to unicode no more replacement of characters in people s names or text in non english languages with ugly x characters there is a new encoding option to set the output encoding and new options groff which uses the groff extension for unicode code points and is the default on ebcdic systmes and roff which does the old broken x substitution since this was a major backward incompatible change i also finally removed most of the formatting touch ups that pod man tried to do for troff output but which would be invisible for the by far more commonly used nroff output these have been an endless source of bugs and are very difficult to maintain most of them were of marginal utility and i am dubious many people are using troff to print perl manual pages these days instead of say printing the rendered output from one of the many excellent pod to html modules there is some remaining somewhat perl specific guesswork applied to the formatting which is much simpler but even that can now be turned off with the new guesswork option this will allow people using pod to generate manual pages for things other than p...
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