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statistician the bureau was located in melbourne at that time the temporary seat of federal government attached to the department of home affairs in 1928 the bureau relocated to canberra where in 1932 it was subsumed within the department of the treasury 9 the first national census which deployed about 7300 collectors occurred in 1911 8 although coordination and data sharing were facilitated by cbcs each state in australia initially had its own statistical office and worked with the cbcs to produce national data some states faced challenges in providing a satisfactory statistical service through their own offices resulting in mergers with the cbcs the tasmanian statistical office was transferred to the cbcs in 1924 and the new south wales bureau of statistics amalgamated into it in 1957 10 the final unification of all state statistical offices with the cbcs occurred in the late 1950s under the guidance of sir stanley carver who was the new south wales statistician acting as the commonwealth statistician 9 in 1974 the cbcs was abolished and replaced by the australian bureau of statistics abs the australian bureau of statistics act 1975 established the abs as a statutory authority headed by the australian statistician who reported to the federal treasurer 9 in 2015 the australian government announced a 250 million five year investment in the abs to modernise its systems and processes 11 census of population and housing edit main article census in australia once every 5 years 12 the abs conducts the australian census 13 of population and housing as stipulated under federal law in the constitution of australia 14 the most recent was conducted on 10 august 2021 15 statistics from the census were published on the abs website in june 2022 16 the census aims to accurately measure the population number of dwellings in australia and a range of their key characteristics census data is used for defining electoral boundaries planning infrastructure establishing community services and formulating public policy 17 2016 census edit main article 2016 australian census in 2016 the abs conducted its census largely online through its website and logins rather than through paper forms 18 the bureau took the form offline for 43 hours from 8 09 pm on 9 august until 2 29 pm on 11 august 19 20 on 10 august the australian statistician david kalisch stated that the website was closed after denial of service attacks from an overseas source targeted the online form the first three were successfully repelled and the fourth one caused the difficulty that then led us to bring the system down as a precaution 21 a comprehensive review by alastair macgibbon special adviser to the prime minister on cyber security tabled in october concluded that five distributed denial of service attacks in which incoming traffic from many different sources floods the site had occurred they had been much smaller than attacks experienced by other australian government websites and the preventable outages had resulted from a failed geoblocking strategy compounded by a hardware failure when the contractor ibm attempted to reboot the system after the fourth attack there was no indication that the census data was insecure or was compromised many recommendations of the review included that the abs should strengthen its approach to managing the performance of outsourced ict suppliers and that the abs should draw upon the lessons it takes from the census experience to help to guide and to advocate for the cultural change path it is following 19 a senate inquiry was held into the 2016 census reporting in november and making 16 recommendations including externally conducted privacy impact assessments engagement with the non government sector reporting breaches of census related data open tendering and stability in funding the bureau 22 an independent panel was also established by the australian statistician to help to ensure the quality of the 2016 census 23 2021 census edit main article 2021 australian census the 2021 census was conducted during the height of the global covid 19 pandemic in obtaining data from 10 852 208 dwellings it exceeded the abs target the dwelling response rate was 96 1 an increase from 95 1 in 2016 24 publications edit the abs publishes monthly and quarterly economic information spanning interest rates property prices employment the value of the australian dollar and commodity prices publications include things such as the key economic indicators consumer price index australian national accounts average weekly earnings and labour force other major publications edit outside the main economic indicators the abs has several other major publications covering topics including health the 2011 12 australian health survey was a survey on health and wellbeing conducted in australia the survey included a biomedical component with respondents having the option of providing biomedical samples such as blood and urine for testing this allowed the survey to capture detailed health information about health conditions in the community a secondary component of the australian health survey asked respondents to keep a food diary which was used to obtain a view of the nutritional intake and dietary preferences of the nation 25 crime the abs publishes crime statistics such as individual releases covering offenders 26 victims of crime 27 the corrections system 28 and prisons 29 the australian crime rate statistic for 2021 was 0 74 a 13 51 decline from 2020 30 demography the abs publishes many demographic releases including data on population 31 population growth 32 and projections 33 interstate and overseas migration 34 births 35 deaths 36 and overseas arrivals and departures 37 aboriginal and torres strait islander statistics the national aboriginal and torres strait islander social survey natsiss collects information on the social situation of indigenous australians including data on health education culture and labour force participation the abs also collects data related to aboriginal and torres strait islanders through the australian health survey 38 as well as in many other regular publications in the areas of demography education employment and more education the major education publications are childhood education and care 39 schools 40 and education and work 41 they look at all aspects of education in australia from preschool up to undergraduate and postgraduate study environment the abs has publications on environmental topics covering energy and water use conservation activities undertaken by households land management farming and more research and innovation the abs has been undertaking surveys to collect estimates from australian organisations regarding expenditure on and human resources devoted to research and development r d in australia since 1978 the results allow the nature and distribution of australia s r d activity to be monitored by government policy analysts and advisers to government businesses and economists 42 in august 2017 the treasurer issued a directive to the abs to undertake a statistical collection into the views of australians on the electoral roll about same sex marriage 43 this is now referred to as the australian marriage law postal survey the abs previously published the yearbook australia from 1908 to 2012 under various issns and titles commonwealth yearbook official yearbook of the commonwealth of australia 44 the abs publishes an annual report with a detailed description of the bureau s activities during the preceding year accounting for its use of public resources and performance against planned outcomes 45 the australian statistical geography standard edit the abs maintains the australian statistical geography standard asgs a system of geographic statistical areas in australia the asgs includes geographic structures created and maintained by the abs as well as structures defined by other bodies but which the abs uses for reporting statistical information the abs structures within the asgs include a main structure which is a nested hierarchy of geographic areas ranging from very small units to the whole of australia there are other abs structures that are schemes with specific uses they are built from units of the main structure or smaller units in the same structure examples include the indigenous structure a structure for urban areas and the remoteness structure for all the abs structures all geographic units at a given level of the structure cover the whole of australia without gaps or overlaps though this sometimes involves defining units such as remainder of state territory state in the urban centres and localities level of the urban areas structure to ensure complete geographic coverage the non abs structures within the asgs have geographical units whose boundaries are defined by bodies such as state governments and that may or may not cover the whole of australia without gaps or overlaps examples include electoral divisions postal areas and suburbs and localities the boundaries of these units are approximated in the asgs so they match boundaries in the abs main structure the current version of the asgs is version 4 of 2026 abs structures edit these structures within the asgs are defined by the abs abbreviation description built from geographically complete main structure mesh block mb mesh blocks are the smallest defined areas in the asgs and reflect a single dominant land use where possible all other asgs areas are built up from mesh blocks residential and similar mesh blocks where possible contain between 30 and 60 dwellings non residential mesh blocks e g commercial parkland transport agriculture generally have a zero or close to zero population count the only statistics the abs provides for mesh blocks are the total population and the total dwelling count 46 yes statistical area 1 sa1 populated sa1s generally have a population of 200 to 800 people and are designed to maximise the spatial detail of census data without compromising confidentiality urban sa1s have a population density of more than 200 inhabitants per square kilometre 520 sq mi or built infrastructure and other land uses surrounded by urban area rural sa1s have less than 200 inhabitants per square kilometre 520 sq mi or contain other rural or natural areas and are generally internally connected by road transport 47 mb yes statistical area 2 sa2 sa2s are designed to represent a single community they generally have a population of between 3 000 and 25 000 though populations may be smaller in sparse geographically diverse areas or larger in order to contain all of a large suburb or regional town they are the smallest units for which the abs reports non census data and are also the smallest areas in the main structure that are named 48 sa1 yes statistical area 3 sa3 sa3s are designed to represent meaningful regional areas either the functional area note 1 around a city or town or related suburbs clustered around urban commercial or transport hubs they generally have populations between 30 000 and 130 000 50 sa2 yes statistical area 4 sa4 sa4s represent labour markets including areas around employment hubs within or sub divisions of the larger capital cities and the travel to work patterns around larger regional towns outer regional and remote sa4s represent aggregations of smaller labour markets sa4s are the largest sub state regions in the main structure and are intended to be stable over time to allow accurate time series in labour force data they generally have populations of about 100 000 to 300 000 in regional areas and between 300 000 and 500 000 in cities 51 sa3 yes states and territories s t the states and territories represent the legal entities with the other territories jervis bay territory and the territories of christmas island cocos keeling islands and norfolk island included as a single area 52 sa4 yes australia aus statistics for the whole of the geographic definition of australia are reported at this level 52 s t yes greater capital city statistical area gccsa gccsas represent the functional areas of each of the capital cities as well as regions for the rest of each state or territory except the act which is a single gccsa and a region for the other territories 53 sa4 yes indigenous structure indigenous location iloc ilocs represent small indigenous communities who share location language traditional borders or native title with a minimum of about 90 people they are designed to allow analysis of small areas without losing individual confidentiality ilocs may also represent larger areas with a more dispersed indigenous population 54 sa1 yes indigenous area iare iares are medium sized geographic areas that represent larger indigenous populations than ilocs and therefore allow the release of more detailed economic and population statistics 55 iloc yes indigenous region ireg iregs combine one or more iares with boundaries based originally on the former aboriginal and torres strait islander commission boundaries no longer maintained jervis bay and norfolk island are each represented by individual indigenous regions while christmas island and cocos keeling islands are combined into a single ireg 56 iare yes urban areas structure referred to in the asgs as significant urban areas urban centres and localities section of state urban centres and localities ucl ucls are areas of concentrated urban development consisting of adjoining mesh blocks that meet population density criteria or contain urban infrastructure urban centres have a core population of 1 000 or more while urban localities note 2 generally have a population between 200 and 999 there is also a single ucl in each state or territory called remainder of state territory s t name which combines all rural areas 57 mb yes section of state range sosr sosr categorises ucls based on their population size there are 11 categories ranging from ucls with a population of 1 million or more down to ucls with 499 or less and a category containing the remainder of state territory ucls 58 ucl yes section of state sos sos categorises ucls based on their ucl class urban centre or locality and population size there are only 4 categories major urban urban centres with population 100 000 or more other urban urban centres with population 99 999 or less bounded locality all ucl localities note 2 rural balance the remainder of state territory ucls 59 ucl yes significant urban areas sua suas are urban centres or combinations of urban centres that contain a population of 10 000 or more suas may cross state and territory boundaries and those that are combinations of urban centres are named after either those centres or have a region name all sa2s are either included in an sua or combined into a not in any significant urban area region for each state and territory 60 sa2 yes remoteness structure remoteness structure ra the remoteness structure defines remoteness areas with various classes of remoteness for the whole of ...
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