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Text of the page (random words):
ion between and see ipa brackets and transcription delimiters the moon system of embossed reading commonly known as the moon writing moon alphabet moon script moon type or moon code is a writing system for the blind using embossed symbols mostly derived from the latin script but simplified it is claimed by its supporters to be easier to understand than braille though it is mainly used by people who have lost their sight as adults and thus already have knowledge of the shapes of letters history edit dr moon s alphabet for the blind from his light for the blind published in 1877 moon type was developed by william moon 1818 1894 a blind englishman living in brighton east sussex after a bout of scarlet fever moon lost his sight at age 21 and became a teacher of blind children he discovered that his pupils had great difficulty learning to read the existing styles of embossed reading codes and devised his own system that would be open and clear to the touch 1 moon would first formulate his ideas in 1843 and eventually published the scheme in 1845 rather than the dots of braille type moon type is made up of raised curves angles and lines as the characters are quite large and over half the letters bear a strong resemblance to the print equivalent moon has been found particularly suitable for those who lose their sight later in life or for people who may have a less keen sense of touch it has also proved successful as a mode of literacy for children with additional physical and or learning difficulties foreign languages edit specimens of dr moon s type for the blind our father which art in heaven applied to several languages from his light for the blind published in 1877 english christian missionaries in ningbo ningpo china during the qing dynasty used moon type to teach blind locals how to read in their local dialect missionaries who spoke the ningbo dialect ran the home for indigent old people where most of the inmates were blind in 1874 an english missionary taught a young blind man to read romanised ningbo written in moon type the gospel of luke was then transcribed into two large volumes of moon type a swiss missionary placed notices on placards throughout the city of ningbo stating that he would give food and money to the blind people who visited the gospel of mark was transcribed into moon type using romanized mandarin however without the tone marks missionary hudson taylor who had been involved with the transcription of the gospels did not find tone marks necessary as the romanised ningbo vernacular has never used tone marks however aspirated consonants were distinguished 2 characters edit letters edit the moon alphabet including some contractions as with braille there is a grade 1 using one moon character per one latin character and a grade 2 using contractions and shorthand that make texts more compact and faster to read though requiring more study 3 numbers edit similarly to braille the initial version of moon type used the first ten letters with a number start symbol as digits start 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 a later version used different symbols for each digit staffsmaths these symbols are more complex to print 4 punctuation edit the type also includes punctuation dotty moon edit besides the original type formed by lines there is the possibility of using certain braille embossers to produce dot patterns dotty moon or dotted moon in the shape of moon characters 5 the patterns are disposed as a 5x5 grid direction edit initially the text changed direction but not character orientation at the end of the lines special embossed lines connected the end of a line and the beginning of the next 6 however with the use of computers it changed to a left to right orientation 7 reception edit the royal national institute for the blind for wider universality prefers braille 8 references edit farrell p 102 j crossett april 6 1889 the chinese times vol iii tientsin tientsin printing co p 213 retrieved 17 july 2011 wayside notes this is written in the court of the home for indigent old people while my companions who speak the ningpo colloquial are talking to the inmates many are blind or have eyes little better than blind the diligence with which a large proportion of them recite prayers is quite noticeable the same men in charge of this home have also the trust of a fund to loan out without interest to poor men who can give good security many can thus do business who otherwise could not i found an english missionary who in 1874 taught a young blind man in a short time to read the colloquial of ningpo written with the letters of moon s system for the blind at that time ningpo had the gospel of luke in two large volumes of the moon s system embossed this blind man was boarded in the family of a teacher in the missionary s compound but for some reason he went off and the labour appeared to be lost this missionary returns to england in a little while when i hope he will gather information and interest others about the blind in china a swiss missionary here used to give out notices by placards over the city that at such a time he would give a feast and money to the blind people who came he thus tried to gather statistics about them and do them a favour he was here too short a time to accomplish so much in teaching them as he hoped to do he used a point system the moon s system employed was like the recently brought out mark in moon s raised letter romanized mandarin without tone marks mr hudson taylor who had to do with getting the embossed luke in ningpo fifteen years ago and the embossed mark in mandarin does not think that tone marks are necessary the well known and long used ningpo romanized vernacular has not now nor never has had any tone marks aspirates however are distinguished when people sing hymns it is not likely that they pay attention to tones in their enunciation they read the romanized books however correctly because of the well understood connection of sense we did not use tone marks in the tangible point system used at hankow at a mosque to day the interesting information was given me of the sect who pluck out the sinew at cliang sha fu in hunan province we must find out what it means my informant professed to be the ah hung of the ningpo mosque whose home originally was chi nan fu but who for twenty years had been here and at hangchow he had forgotten that to day was juh ma i e friday the moslem s worship day this little colony and mosque are spoken of in the middle kingdom the ah hung brought out an arabic new testament in his possession he says that at hangchow are some families of the kwan ch uan kiao i e the patriarchal sect a missionary here as long ago as 1852 found men in ningpo from the west of china who were worshippers of one only god but denied being moslems or christians j crossett learning moon rnib org uk royal national institute for the blind cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link moon maths moonliteracy org uk archived from the original on june 15 2009 retrieved august 14 2020 writing and producing moon rnib org uk royal national institute for the blind moon type for the blind ramseyer bible collection kathryn a martin library university of minnesota duluth in regard to moon www unicode org retrieved 2025 12 03 moon at the rnib site bibliography edit this article incorporates text from the chinese times a publication from 1889 now in the public domain in the united states farrell gabriel 1956 the story of blindness cambridge harvard university press oclc 263655 external links edit media related to moon alphabet at wikimedia commons moon alphabet william moon the moon system of embossed reading online moon type generator clearvision project books page moon page at the rnib learning moon link removed preliminary proposal for encoding the moon script in the smp of the ucs at unicode org see also edit graffiti graffiti 2 writing systems used on palm os devices v t e types of writing systems overview history of writing grapheme lists writing systems undeciphered inventors constructed languages by writing system by first written accounts types abjads numerals aramaic hatran arabic elifba egyptian hieroglyphs elymaic hebrew ashuri cursive rashi solitreo tifinagh mandaic manichaean nabataean ancient north arabian paleo hebrew pahlavi book inscriptional inscriptional parthian psalter pegon phoenician pitman shorthand proto sinaitic punic samaritan south arabian zabur musnad sogdian syriac ʾesṭrangēlā serṭā maḏnḥāyā teeline shorthand ugaritic abugidas brahmic northern bengali assamese bhaiksuki brahmi script devanagari dogri gujarati gupta gurmukhi kaithi kalinga khema khojki khudabadi laṇḍā lepcha mahajani marchen meitei modi multani nagari nandinagari nepalese scripts bhujimol golmol himmol kummol kvemmol kurukh pachumol newar ranjana tamyig tirhuta limbu litumol odia karani ʼphags pa sharada siddhaṃ soyombo sylheti nagri takri tibetan uchen umê tocharian zanabazar square southern ahom balinese batak baybayin bhattiprolu buda buhid chakma cham fakkham grantha goykanadi hanunoo javanese kadamba kannada karen kawi khmer khom thai kulitan lanna langdi lao leke lontara bilang bilang makasar malayalam old maldivian dhives akuru eveyla akuru mon burmese pallava pyu saurashtra shan sinhala sukhothai sundanese old sundanese tagbanwa tai le new tai lue tai noi tai tham tai viet lai tay tamil tamil brahmi tanchangya telugu thai tigalari ulu scripts incung lampung lembak ogan pasemah rejang serawai vatteluttu kolezhuthu malayanma others bharati boyd s syllabic shorthand canadian syllabics blackfoot déné syllabics dham fox i geʽez gunjala gondi japanese braille sarati jenticha kharosthi mandombe masaram gondi meroitic miao mwangwego pahawh hmong sorang sompeng tengwar thaana thomas natural shorthand warang citi rma alphabets linear adlam ariyaka armenian avestan pazend avoiuli bassa vah carian caucasian albanian cirth coelbren coorgi cox alphabet coptic cyrillic serbian early deseret duployan shorthand chinook eclectic shorthand elbasan enochian etruscan formosan fox ii franklin s phonetic fraser gabelsberger shorthand gadabuursi garay alphabet georgian asomtavruli nuskhuri mkhedruli veso bey glagolitic gothic gregg shorthand greek archaic greco iberian alphabet hangul hanifi hurûf ı munfasıla sunuwar kaddare kayah li klingon latin beneventan blackletter carolingian minuscule fraktur gaelic insular ipa kurrent merovingian sigla sütterlin tironian notes visigothic luo lycian lydian manchu medefaidrin mru mundari bani n ko ogham ol chiki old italic old permic orkhon yenisei old hungarian old uyghur mongolian evenki galik alphabet manchu oirat vagindra ol onal osage osmanya pau cin hau phrygian pisidian runic anglo saxon cipher dalecarlian elder futhark younger futhark gothic marcomannic medieval staveless shavian sidetic sorang sompeng sunuwar tifinagh todhri tolong siki vellara visible speech vithkuqi wancho warang citi yezidi zaghawa non linear braille flag semaphore maritime flags moon type new york point fingerspelling telegraph code ideograms adinkra aztec blissymbols dongba ersu shaba emoji isotype kaidā miꞌkmaw mixtec new epoch notation painting nsibidi anishinaabewibii iganan olmec siglas poveiras testerian yerkish zapotec logograms chinese family of scripts chinese characters simplified traditional oracle bone script bronze scripts seal script large small bird worm hanja kanji chữ nôm sawndip bowen chinese influenced jurchen khitan large script sui tangut cuneiform akkadian assyrian elamite hittite luwian sumerian other logosyllabic anatolian bagam cretan isthmian maya proto elamite tenevil wiigwaasabak yi classical logoconsonantal demotic hieratic hieroglyphs numerals hindu arabic abjad attic greek muisca roman other sitelen pona semi syllabaries full linear elamite celtiberian iberian northeastern southeastern khom dunging redundant espanca script pahawh hmong khitan small script southwest paleohispanic bopomofo quốc âm tân tự sign languages aslwrite signwriting si5s stokoe notation syllabaries afaka bamum bété byblos canadian aboriginal cherokee cypriot cypro minoan ditema tsa dinoko eskayan geba great lakes algonquian iban idu kana hiragana katakana man yōgana hentaigana sōgana jindai moji kikakui kpelle linear b linear elamite lisu loma nüshu nwagu aneke script old persian cuneiform sumerian vai woleai yi yugtun v t e braille braille cell 1829 braille international uniformity ascii braille unicode braille patterns braille scripts french ordered albanian cantonese catalan chinese mainland mandarin largely reassigned czech dutch 6 dot 8 dot english unified english esperanto french german ghanaian guarani hawaiian hungarian iñupiaq ipa irish italian latvian lithuanian luxembourgish extended to 8 dot maltese māori navajo nigerian philippine polish portuguese romanian samoan slovak south african spanish taiwanese mandarin largely reassigned turkish azerbaijani vietnamese welsh yugoslav zambian nordic family estonian faroese icelandic scandinavian danish finnish greenlandic northern sámi norwegian swedish russian lineage family i e cyrillic mediated scripts belarusian bulgarian kazakh kyrgyz mongolian russian tatar ukrainian egyptian lineage family i e arabic mediated scripts arabic persian urdu pakistan indian lineage family i e bharati braille devanagari hindi marathi nepali bengali bangla assamese gujarati kannada malayalam odia punjabi sinhala tamil telugu urdu india other scripts amharic armenian burmese dzongkha bhutanese georgian greek hebrew inuktitut reassigned vowels khmer thai and lao japanese vowels tibetan reordered algerian braille obsolete frequency based american braille obsolete independent chinese semi syllabaries cantonese mainland chinese mandarin taiwanese mandarin two cell chinese shuangpin japanese korean eight dot dutch luxembourgish kanji gardner salinas braille codes gs8 symbols in braille braille music canadian currency marks computer braille code gardner salinas braille codes science gs8 gs6 international phonetic alphabet ipa nemeth braille code braille technology braille e book braille embosser braille translator braille watch mountbatten brailler optical braille recognition perforation perkins brailler refreshable braille display slate and stylus braigo people louis braille charles barbier róża czacka valentin haüy harris mowbray thakur vishva narain singh maría del carmen ortiz de arce sabriye tenberken william bell wait organisations braille institute of america braille without borders japan braille library national braille association blindness organizations schools for the blind american printing house for the blind other tactile alphabets decapoint moon type new york point night writing vibratese related topics accessible publishing braille literacy robobraille authority control databases international gnd national united states israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title moon_type oldid 1372947366 categories tactile alphabets latin ...
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