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description= Indulgent yet responsible fabrics;
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ted you will want an n95 mask or equivalent 1 and you want to pay attention to who directions on achieving a proper mask seal both negative breathing out and positive breathing in the 95 in n95 the us standard means that 95 of particles of size 3 microns are stopped by the mask in tests but we know that the coronavirus is 1 microns much smaller than the pores in even an n95 mask the reason masks do stop the coronavirus is that the virus particles are not buzzing around solo but are attached to water droplets water droplets are much larger than the holes in most masks from seetheair the transparent big blob in the illustration above is a droplet which humans produce when they sneeze cough sing even talk the tiny red bits are the coronavirus which hitch a ride in and on the droplet with the major way that the virus gets from an infected person to you being via droplets even a mask made out of not very tightly woven material that fits ok against your skin is a good bet to be good protection the water droplets are also much less likely to be breathed in via migration around a gap in the seal of the mask as a solo tiny lightweight virus particle so you can achieve a surprising degree of protection by using a mask any mask this is especially true because part of the severity of covid 19 should you be infected is the amount of the virus or the viral load that you receive so even filtering out 80 or 40 or 20 of the virus is better than filtering out nothing there are other reasons why fabric stops particles involving brownian motion electrostatic charge the hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature of the fabric and anti microbial characteristics what are these factors brownian motion you may remember if you took any high school physics it s the tendency of molecules not to stay still but to jiggle and constantly gyrate and move around the idea is that the virus particles do not take a direct route through fabric pores but bump into and get destroyed by the fibers around the pores as they gyrate through in a less than straight line route that is if they are aerosolized electrostatic charge think static electricity did you ever rub your slippers on the carpet and then touch your sibling to shock them some fabrics like silk and some synthetics do not use synthetics maintain a charge and the assumption is that the charge helps kill the virus hydrophilic and hydrophobic fabrics hydrophilic fabrics attract water hydrophobic repel them we ve seen both claimed as virus protectors now the real world just is not so simple and some of the coronavirus does appear to be aerosolized not all coronavirus stay on and in the droplets there appears to be some aerosolization so that means that although masks are a means of decreasing your risk of getting infected you still must wear masks in conjunction with social distancing and washing your hands frequently remember that the intended major reason for wearing masks is to protect everybody else near you from you in case you are an asymptomatic carrier this is still the major reason many organizations state to protect others from asymptomatic carriers the evidence is gathering that masks are good at protecting us all from infected mask wearers the statement that masks are good at stopping spread is supported by many recent events such as the tracing of all of the passengers and crew on a long airplane flight from china to canada on january 22 2020 there were two infected chinese people on the flight but none of the other passengers on the very full flight contracted the virus researchers attributed this good result primarily to the fact that the two chinese people were wearing masks the entire flight as the scientist wrote of this research the lack of secondary cases after prolonged air travel exposure supports droplet transmission not airborne as the likely route of spread of the covid 19 2 what fabric should i use there are many studies about good better best mask fabric and they are worth reviewing briefly a cambridge university press published study reports that most any mask using any fabric is better than nothing but some fabrics are better protection 3 they judged fabric using the direct shooting of 1mm sized particles at fabric but they also looked at fit factor a means of studying the leakage around the edges of the mask fit factor was their method of estimating the combined effects of filtration efficiency and goodness of fit the barometric pressure drop inside of the fabric and outside of the fabric are part of the equation but despite the fact that some fabrics stop particles better if those fabrics are not comfortable don t use them a mask does not work if you take it off and people take masks off if they are uncomfortable scratchy hot or difficult to breathe through a common complaint elastic rubbing sore spots around the ears again don t use plastic use fabric ties from the cambridge study comfort should be an important factor in the material used to make a homemade mask the pressure drop across a mask is a useful measure both of resistance to breathing and the potential for bypass of air around the filter seal if respiratory protection is not capable of accommodating the breathing demands of the wearer then the device will impose an extra breathing load on the wearer which may induce leakage owing to the increased negative pressure in the face mask a study in the netherlands 4 concluded that improvised masks using tea cloths the european term for kitchen towels although the european brands are often flax linen and more closely woven than american chunky cotton kitchen towels out performed surgical masks over a three hour period just because the volunteers were more likely to continue to wear them a wake forest baptist medical center study used the 1 micron projection method of determining effectiveness as well they found that that fabric whose weave is so tight that you have to breathe heavily was not a good choice the heavy breathing becomes uncomfortable and you won t wear the mask plus it can induce infiltration around the edges the wake forest doctors recommend relatively closely woven cotton fabric thread count 180 or higher others recommend up to 500 if breathable with an inner layer of flannel 5 and though that study does not address it we would encourage you to use gots or oeko tex 100 certified fabrics we ll address our notions of fabric safety at the end of this blog post the studies generally conclude that it s more important that the mask is comfortable enough so that you continue wearing it than its particulate stopping rating or its ability to maintain a seal but it is useful to look at a graphic of the fabrics they judged we borrow this graphic from paddy robertson of smart air smart air concludes that the following are the top five for face mask material smart air which has researched tested and thought about this issue a lot recommends the five fabrics above for a combination of breathability and filtration effectiveness it s probably best to use a fabric that stops much of the sunlight when held up to the light but do not go overboard a black out fabric would make an uncomfortable mask fabric that you most likely would not wear we like the wake forest baptist medical center fabric conclusions because we agree that masks made from those fabrics a cotton quilting fabric combined with cotton flannel will be comfortable and will fulfill the most important factor in choosing mask fabric and mask construction comfort if it is comfortable you will wear it quilting fabric is usually 4 to 5 oz cotton sateen one of the most popular fabrics used for bedlinens sheeting fabric or very similar and you won t be tempted to keep adjusting it best not to touch your face here we think that the wake forest recommendation is a good one since the flannel is very soft and will not abrade and become uncomfortable like denim and canvas may the smart air fabric recommendation but hey if you have soft denim or canvas you re good flannel is more hot so an alternative mask using two layers of a closely woven cotton sateen would be a good alternative to have for hot days sateen is the fabric that many bed sheets and pillowcases are made of they are also made of percale jersey types of fabric construction those are a little less tightly woven but here again if it is what you have anything is better than nothing sheeting fabric made of linen very finely woven linen using thin yarns size n21 or thereabouts works well linen is a really lovely fabric next to skin cool in summer and warm in winter how about doubling or tripling the fabric in the mask smart air concluded from their experiments that doubling fabrics was not very effective in increasing filtration effectiveness but many others such as wake forest disagree with this conclusion studies which recommend doubling fabric include a university of chicago study which concluded that a combination of a cotton fabric and either silk or synthetic chiffon don t use synthetic chiffon see below on plastics or another fabric with an electrostatic charge 6 stops a lot of droplets they emphasize that fit is important and note that large gaps between the face and the mask decrease the efficacy of the mask by as much as half still better than no protection fabric safety considerations and please consider fabric safety safety meaning free from residual chemicals of concern in the fabric third party certifications are tools to help in our decision making when buying facemasks or fabric for sewing your own be sure to use fabrics and masks that are either gots certified global organic textile standard or oeko tex 100 certified oeko tex 100 certification is your assurance that the mask and or fabric is free from residual chemicals of concern and of note the oeko tex organization is offering to test face masks for no licensing charge please ask face mask sellers to get their masks tested gots certification global organic textile standard provides assurances throughout the supply chain solids are a safer bet than prints in america we aren t used to insisting on these certifications three sources below so if you cannot find them then a solid fabric is better than any prints because phthalates are in the vast majority of textile printing inks phthalates are extremely disturbing endocrine disruptors that are potent in a minuscule quantity one in a billion phthalates are the class of 29 chemicals that have recently been banned in children s toys and other children s articles in the states of vermont washington and california check for certifications when you re breathing through a face mask you ll want to be assured the fabric is safe meaning that you are not breathing in chemicals of concern on plastic fabrics due to the severity of the pandemic and the speed at which we need to respond masks for medical workers is one of the few uses of synthetic fiber fabric woven or non woven that we would not complain about for a short time we recommend you use natural fiber fabrics for your mask and insist that mask producers produce masks using natural fiber fabrics plastic is forever it is not just single use plastic that is the problem we need to stop using plastic we have in this blog meaning all of our postings since 2007 tried to point out the very unfortunate characteristics about synthetic fabric polyester nylon acrylic polyurethane etc etc etc and recycled synthetic fiber or fabric such as recycled polyester more and equally important reasons for stopping the use of this plastic fabric have recently arisen just search microplastic here on our blog or on the web for a start we ll blog about this issue more shortly cooper infused fabric masks if you have not already seen copper infused or silver infused fabric for masks you soon will they are anti microbial anti little buggies please do not buy them it is not clear if they are better protection in protecting you from coronavirus but even if they are even extremely tiny bits of copper are extremely toxic to fish crustaceans and algae which are 10 to 100 times more sensitive to the toxic effect of copper than are mammals excess copper in the soil creates a toxic environment for most micro organisms such as bacteria although copper does have documented antimicrobial properties it is a broad spectrum antimicrobial meaning that it kills the good guys as well as the bad many studies show that this is not necessarily the best approach to infection control kaiser permanente issued a december 2006 memo with this bottom line review of current scientific literature reveals no evidence that environmental surface finishes or fabrics containing antimicrobials assist in preventing infections in fact their policy now is to prohibit any fabrics with antimicrobial finishes in their hospitals a few other random items about face masks on respirators respirators are the full face masks used in many industries like spray painting to protect wearers from toxic vapors almost all respirators have one way valves this means that the do a good job of protecting the wearer but that the one way valve expels everything they do not accomplish one of the two major reasons for mask wearing protecting others from the wearer the other advantage of mask wearing is to protect the wearer the protection of others from asymptomatic carriers is a major reason for mask wearing in controlling the pandemic these valves are now being banned in many cities 7 mask re use and cleaning even non woven masks such as n95s that cannot be washed can be used many times they do not lose their effectiveness easily with use non woven masks actually get more effective at particle stopping over time they should not be used once they are too hard to breathe through not just after one use just because they are single use and may be contaminated they can be soaked with hydrogen peroxide or if not completely soiled just left alone for a day and the virus will die smart air addresses this issue of lifespan sources where to buy safe and appropriate facemask material and or already made masks using same first a note there are a lot of safe and or green living blogs that list sources of sustainable or green face masks very few understand fabric safety issues you are going to breathe through it for hours get a safe one certified natural fiber fabric certified to gots or oeko tex 100 there are actually quite a few sources of gots certified quilting fabric which is often sateen or equally finely woven that are prints be sure the final fabric is certified gots not just if organic cotton is used you can start with organic cotton but if the fabric is produced conventionally that is not according to the strict guidelines of gots then that final fabric is most likely full of chemicals of concern as my sister says fabric is like applesauce you can start with organic apples but if you add red dye 2 preservatives emulsifiers etc you don t get organic applesauce facemask fabric two sisters ecotextil...
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