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Text of the page (random words):
ditionally a primary school has begun teaching the modi script to the next generation 15 description edit overview edit the modi script derives from the nāgari family of scripts and is a modification of the balbodh style of the devanagari script intended for continuous writing although modi is based upon devanagari it differs considerably from it in terms of letter forms rendering behaviours and orthography the shapes of some consonants vowels and vowel signs are similar the differences are visible in the behaviours of these characters in certain circumstances such as consonant vowel combinations and consonant conjuncts which are standard features of modi orthography the modi script has 46 distinctive letters of which 36 are consonants and 10 vowels 2 cursive features edit the modi script has several characteristics that facilitate writing minimising having to lift the pen from the paper for dipping in ink while moving from one character to the next some characters are broken versions of their devanagari counterparts and many characters are more circular in shape these characteristics make modi a sort of cursive style of writing marathi the cursive nature of the script also allowed scribes to easily make multiple copies of a document if required 13 shown here is a picture showing all the modi script characters in the kotem1 clip font features of the letters edit numerous modifications are made to the modi script in writing as shortcuts reflecting its history as a quasi shorthand form of devanagari the consonants fall into three broad categories 1 those that always retain their isolated form and attach their dependent vowel forms in a way common to most indic scripts 2 those that take on a contextual form and change their form only in the presence of a dependent vowel immediately after in which case those vowel forms are attached to the contextual form of the consonant in a uniform way as done with the consonants in category 1 and with most other indic alphabets and 3 those that form ligatures in the presence of vowel following the consonants the ligatures are generally determined by the shape of the consonant and the presence of a loop on the right regarding conjuncts as in devanagari ksha and tra have special conjuncts while other consonants typically occupy half forms or contextual forms the letter ra is special as it can take different visual positions as the first consonant in a conjunct cluster depending on whether it is palatalized or not as the second consonant in a cluster however it functions almost identically as in devanagari alternative forms of the letter ra are also used to make multisyllabic clusters involving it this is seen in kara tara sara and a few others as a subjoined ra to the bottom right of a letter and in joining at the end of other syllables it is seen with a curved head following dependent vowel signs like aa and punctuation marks like dandas the ra also joins underneath and any additional vowel marks are written directly on top of the subjoined ra modi also has an empty circle that indicates abbreviations which also may have been borrowed by goykanadi used for writing konkani which is closely related to marathi head stroke edit the head stroke in modi is unlike devanagari in that it is typically written before the letters are in order to produce a ruled page for writing modi in lines thus there are no word boundaries that can be visibly seen since the head stroke does not break between words usage edit the modi script was frequently used as a shorthand script for swift writing in business and administration modi was used primarily by administrative people as well as businessmen in keeping their accounts and writing hundis credit notes modi was also used to encrypt the message since not all people were well versed in reading this script 13 letters edit consonants 𑘎 ka 𑘏 kha 𑘐 ga 𑘑 gha 𑘒 ṅa 𑘓 ca 𑘔 cha 𑘕 ja 𑘖 jha 𑘗 ña 𑘘 ṭa 𑘙 ṭha 𑘚 ḍa 𑘛 ḍha 𑘜 ṇa 𑘝 ta 𑘞 tha 𑘟 da 𑘠 dha 𑘡 na 𑘢 pa 𑘣 pha 𑘤 ba 𑘥 bha 𑘦 ma 𑘧 ya 𑘨 ra 𑘩 la 𑘪 va 𑘫 śa 𑘬 ṣa 𑘭 sa 𑘮 ha 𑘯 ḷa vowels vowel a ā i ī u ū r̥ r̥̄ l̥ l̥̄ independent 𑘀 𑘁 𑘂 𑘃 𑘄 𑘅 𑘆 𑘇 𑘈 𑘉 dependent 𑘰 𑘱 𑘲 𑘳 𑘴 𑘵 𑘶 𑘷 𑘸 vowel e ai o au independent 𑘊 𑘋 𑘌 𑘍 dependent 𑘹 𑘺 𑘻 𑘼 signs 𑘽 ṁ 𑘾 ḥ 𑘿 virama 𑙀 ardhacandra punctuations danda double danda abbr sign 𑙄 huva invocation numerals edit digits 𑙐 0 𑙑 1 𑙒 2 𑙓 3 𑙔 4 𑙕 5 𑙖 6 𑙗 7 𑙘 8 𑙙 9 printing and typing edit printing edit before printing in marathi was possible the modi script was used for writing prose and balbodh was used for writing poetry when printing in marathi became possible choosing between modi and balbodh was a problem william carey published the first book on marathi grammar in 1805 using balbodh since printing in the modi script was not available to him in serampore bengal at the time marathi books were generally written in balbodh however subsequent editions of william carey s book on marathi grammar starting in 1810 were written in the modi script 16 17 using offset printing machines previously lithography printing was in vogue typing edit the word modi in modern modi script the modi script was included in unicode for the first time in version 7 0 2 18 this inclusion has recently led to the development of unicode fonts for modi such as marathicursive and noto sans modi also a unicode keyboard layout for modi named modi kagapa phonetic has been recently added in the xkb keyboard stack 19 which is mainly used in linux based operating systems the character mapping of this keyboard layout is similar to the existing marathi kagapa phonetic layout but uses modi s dedicated unicode block for typing documents in the modi script edit most documents in modi are handwritten the oldest document in the modi script is from 1389 and is preserved at the bhārat itihās sanshodhan mandal bism in pune 6 the majority of documents and correspondence from before shivaji raje bhonsle s times are written in the modi script 13 unicode edit see also modi unicode block the modi alphabet u 11600 u 1165f was added to the unicode standard in june 2014 with the release of version 7 0 modi 1 2 official unicode consortium code chart pdf 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f u 1160x 𑘀 𑘁 𑘂 𑘃 𑘄 𑘅 𑘆 𑘇 𑘈 𑘉 𑘊 𑘋 𑘌 𑘍 𑘎 𑘏 u 1161x 𑘐 𑘑 𑘒 𑘓 𑘔 𑘕 𑘖 𑘗 𑘘 𑘙 𑘚 𑘛 𑘜 𑘝 𑘞 𑘟 u 1162x 𑘠 𑘡 𑘢 𑘣 𑘤 𑘥 𑘦 𑘧 𑘨 𑘩 𑘪 𑘫 𑘬 𑘭 𑘮 𑘯 u 1163x 𑘰 𑘱 𑘲 𑘳 𑘴 𑘵 𑘶 𑘷 𑘸 𑘹 𑘺 𑘻 𑘼 𑘽 𑘾 𑘿 u 1164x 𑙀 𑙄 u 1165x 𑙐 𑙑 𑙒 𑙓 𑙔 𑙕 𑙖 𑙗 𑙘 𑙙 notes 1 as of unicode version 17 0 2 grey areas indicate non assigned code points sample text edit modi 𑘦𑘰𑘖𑘰 𑘦𑘨𑘰𑘙𑘲𑘓𑘲 𑘤𑘻𑘩𑘳 𑘎𑘼𑘝𑘳𑘎𑘹 𑘢𑘨𑘲 𑘀𑘦𑘵𑘝𑘰𑘝𑘹𑘮𑘱 𑘢𑘺𑘕𑘰𑘭𑘲 𑘕𑘲𑘽𑘎𑘹 𑘋𑘭𑘲 𑘀𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘨𑘹 𑘨𑘭𑘲𑘎𑘹 𑘦𑘹𑘯𑘪𑘲𑘡 dnyaneshwar devanagari balbodh माझा मराठीची बोलू कौतुके परि अमृतातेहि पैजासी जिंके ऐसी अक्षरे रसिके मेळवीन संत ज्ञानेश्वर roman iast mājhā marāṭhīcī bolū kautuke pari amṛtātehi paijāsī jiṃke aisī akṣare rasike mel̤avīna saṃta jñāneśvara see also edit balbodh cursive notes edit the letters 𑘂 i and 𑘅 ū and their diacritics have been attested and therefore are included in this chart however modi generally uses 𑘃 for both i and ī and 𑘄 for both u and ū sanskrit origin vocalics 𑘆 𑘇 𑘈 𑘉 have modi equivalents even though their usage is extremely limited only 𑘆 has been included due to indic script traditions modi is a cursive handwritten script with a unique practice of having one long headstroke śirorekhā connecting all the words in a line this is distinct from devanagari and other nagari scripts where the headstroke is only limited to full letters or words references edit 1 2 3 bhimraoji rajendra 28 february 2014 reviving the modi script pdf typoday archived from the original pdf on 7 december 2014 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 pandey anshuman 5 november 2011 n4034 proposal to encode the modi script in iso iec 10646 pdf iso iec jtc1 sc2 wg2 sahitya akademi 1992 encyclopaedia of indian literature volume v sahitya akademi new delhi p 3898 isbn 81 260 1221 8 krishnaji mhatre a life dedicated to modi mumbai mirror 24 october 2017 archived from the original on 10 august 2020 retrieved 10 august 2020 sohoni pushkar may 2017 marathi of a single type the demise of the modi script modern asian studies 51 3 662 685 doi 10 1017 s0026749x15000542 issn 0026 749x s2cid 148081127 1 2 3 kulkarni sadanand a borde prashant l manza ramesh r yannawar pravin l 2014 offline handwritten modi character recognition using hu zernike moments and zoning arxiv 1406 6140 cs cv eternal garden mysticism history and politics at a south asian sufi center by carl w ernst p 107 mokashi digambar balkrishna 1 july 1987 palkhi an indian pilgrimage suny press p 37 isbn 0 88706 461 2 1 2 mann gurinder singh 1 march 2001 the making of sikh scripture oxford university press us p 1 isbn 0 19 513024 3 1 2 modi lipi alphabets september 2008 archived from the original on 25 october 2013 chhatrapati shahu sangave vilas adinath khane b d 1997 rajarshi shahu chhatrapati papers vol 7 shahu research institute archived from the original on 7 december 2014 history of modi lipi modi lipi archived from the original on 25 october 2013 1 2 3 4 band of researchers enthusiasts strive to keep modi script alive the times of india 21 february 2014 archived from the original on 10 december 2014 bengrut dheeraj 11 september 2025 modi lipi sees revival due to maratha reservation issue msn cite web cs1 maint url status link smart pallavi 16 march 2024 school in maharashtra village seeks to revive ancient modi script three four letters at a time indian express archived from the original on 23 october 2025 rao goparaju sambasiva 1994 language change lexical diffusion and literacy academic foundation pp 48 and 49 isbn 9788171880577 archived from the original on 7 december 2014 carey william 1805 a grammar of the marathi language serampore serampore mission press isbn 9781108056311 cite book isbn date incompatibility help babelstone what s new in unicode 7 0 permanent dead link added in modi kagapa 93ea944c commits xkbdesc xkeyboard config gitlab 12 may 2020 retrieved 6 july 2020 external links edit modi at omniglot website about the modi script read latest news in modi script v t e marathi grammar phonology literature poetry samyukta maharashtra movement maharashtra state marathi wikipedia marathi dialects and marathic languages maharastri prakrit andh deccani east indian mumbai dialect judeo marathi katkari maharashtrian konkani malvani konkani phudagi samvedi thanjavur marathi varhadi varhadi nagpuri varli marathi scripts balbodh style of devanagari braille modi other marathi cinema marathi theatre literature marathi people list arts awards sahitya akademi award jnanpith award writers poets national film award maharashtra v t e types of writing systems overview history of writing grapheme lists writing systems undeciphered inventors constructed languages by writing system by first written accounts types abjads numerals aramaic hatran arabic elifba egyptian hieroglyphs elymaic hebrew ashuri cursive rashi solitreo tifinagh mandaic manichaean nabataean ancient north arabian paleo hebrew pahlavi book inscriptional inscriptional parthian psalter pegon phoenician pitman shorthand proto sinaitic punic samaritan south arabian zabur musnad sogdian syriac ʾesṭrangēlā serṭā maḏnḥāyā teeline shorthand ugaritic abugidas brahmic northern bengali assamese bhaiksuki brahmi script devanagari dogri gujarati gupta gurmukhi kaithi kalinga khema khojki khudabadi laṇḍā lepcha mahajani marchen meitei modi multani nagari nandinagari nepalese scripts bhujimol golmol himmol kummol kvemmol kurukh pachumol newar ranjana tamyig tirhuta limbu litumol odia karani ʼphags pa sharada siddhaṃ soyombo sylheti nagri takri tibetan uchen umê tocharian zanabazar square southern ahom balinese batak baybayin bhattiprolu buda buhid chakma cham fakkham grantha goykanadi hanunoo javanese kadamba kannada karen kawi khmer khom thai kulitan lanna langdi lao leke lontara bilang bilang makasar malayalam old maldivian dhives akuru eveyla akuru mon burmese pallava pyu saurashtra shan sinhala sukhothai sundanese old sundanese tagbanwa tai le new tai lue tai noi tai tham tai viet lai tay tamil tamil brahmi tanchangya telugu thai tigalari ulu scripts incung lampung lembak ogan pasemah rejang serawai vatteluttu kolezhuthu malayanma others bharati boyd s syllabic shorthand canadian syllabics blackfoot déné syllabics dham fox i geʽez gunjala gondi japanese braille sarati jenticha kharosthi mandombe masaram gondi meroitic miao mwangwego pahawh hmong sorang sompeng tengwar thaana thomas natural shorthand warang citi rma alphabets linear adlam ariyaka armenian avestan pazend avoiuli bassa vah carian caucasian albanian cirth coelbren coorgi cox alphabet coptic cyrillic serbian early deseret duployan shorthand chinook eclectic shorthand elbasan enochian etruscan formosan fox ii franklin s phonetic fraser gabelsberger shorthand gadabuursi garay alphabet georgian asomtavruli nuskhuri mkhedruli veso bey glagolitic gothic gregg shorthand greek archaic greco iberian alphabet hangul hanifi hurûf ı munfasıla sunuwar kaddare kayah li klingon latin beneventan blackletter carolingian minuscule fraktur gaelic insular ipa kurrent merovingian sigla sütterlin tironian notes visigothic luo lycian lydian manchu medefaidrin mru mundari bani n ko ogham ol chiki old italic old permic orkhon yenisei old hungarian old uyghur mongolian evenki galik alphabet manchu oirat vagindra ol onal osage osmanya pau cin hau phrygian pisidian runic anglo saxon cipher dalecarlian elder futhark younger futhark gothic marcomannic medieval staveless shavian sidetic sorang sompeng sunuwar tifinagh todhri tolong siki vellara visible speech vithkuqi wancho warang citi yezidi zaghawa non linear braille flag semaphore maritime flags moon type new york point fingerspelling telegraph code ideograms adinkra aztec blissymbols dongba ersu shaba emoji isotype kaidā miꞌkmaw mixtec new epoch notation painting nsibidi anishinaabewibii iganan olmec siglas poveiras testerian yerkish zapotec logograms chinese family of scripts chinese characters simplified traditional oracle bone script bronze scripts seal script large small bird worm hanja kanji chữ nôm sawndip bowen chinese influenced jurchen khitan large script sui tangut cuneiform akkadian assyrian elamite hittite luwian sumerian other logosyllabic anatolian bagam cretan isthmian maya proto elamite tenevil wiigwaasabak yi classical logoconsonantal demotic hieratic hieroglyphs numerals hindu arabic abjad attic greek muisca roman other sitelen pona semi syllabaries full linear elamite celtiberian iberian northeastern southeastern khom dunging redundant espanca script pahawh hmong khitan small script southwest paleohispanic bopomofo quốc âm tân tự sign languages aslwrite signwriting si5s stokoe notation syllabaries afaka bamum bété byblos canadian aboriginal cherokee cypriot cypro minoan ditema tsa dinoko eskayan geba great lakes algonquian iban idu kana hiragana katakana man yōgana hentaigana sōgana jindai moji kikakui kpelle linear b linear elamite lisu loma nüshu nwagu aneke script old persian cuneiform sumerian vai woleai yi yugtun 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