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aphy as well as adult stress and fetal echo accreditation is a two part process each facility will conduct a detailed self evaluation paying close attention to the iac standards and guidelines the facility will then complete the application and submit actual case studies to the board of directors for review once all requirements have been met the lab will receive certification iac certification is a continual process and must be maintained by the facility it may include audits or site visits by the iac there are several states in which medicare and or private insurance carriers require accreditation credentials of the laboratory and or sonographer for reimbursement of echocardiograms there are two credentialing bodies in the united states for sonographers the cardiovascular credentialing international cci established in 1968 and the american registry for diagnostic medical sonography ardms established in 1975 both cci and ardms have earned the prestigious ansi iso 17024 accreditation for certifying bodies from the international organization for standardization iso citation needed accreditation is granted through the american national standards institute ansi recognition of ardms programs in providing credentials has also earned the ardms accreditation with the national commission for certifying agencies ncca the ncca is the accrediting arm of the national organization for competency assurance noca under both credentialing bodies sonographers must first document completion of prerequisite requirements which contain both didactic and hands on experience in the field of ultrasound applicants must then take a comprehensive exam demonstrating knowledge in both the physics of ultrasound and the clinical competency related to their specialty credentialed sonographers are then required to maintain competency in their field by obtaining a certain number of continuing medical education credits or cme s in 2009 new mexico and oregon became the first two states to require licensure of sonographers citation needed the american society of echocardiography ase is a professional organization made up of physicians sonographers nurses and scientists involved in the field of echocardiography one of the most important roles that the ase plays is providing their recommendations through the ase guidelines and standards providing resource and educational opportunities for sonographers and physicians in the field there have been various institutes who are working on use of artificial intelligence in echo but they are at a very early stage and still needs full development 45 terminology edit the most commonly used terminology in echocardiography diagnostics are bsa body surface area dt deceleration time ivrt isovolumic relaxation time la left atrium ra right atrium lv left ventricle rv right ventricle lvot left ventricular outflow tract rvot right ventricular outflow tract pht pressure half time tapse tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion vc vena contracta edd end diastolic diameter esd end systolic diameter ivsd interventricular septal end diastole pwd posterior wall thickness lvmi left ventricular mass index ao asc ascending aorta st jxn sinotubular junction lavi left atrial volume index edv end diastolic volume esv end systolic volume ef ejection fraction fs fractional shortening ravi right atrial volume index rvot right ventricular outflow tract rvd basal rv diameter ivc inferior vena cava gls global longitudinal strain rvsp right ventricular systolic pressure e a ratio see also edit angiogram aortic valve area calculation electrocardiogram fetal echocardiography references edit cleve jayne mcculloch marti l 2018 conducting a cardiac ultrasound examination in nihoyannopoulos petros kisslo joseph eds echocardiography springer international publishing pp 33 42 doi 10 1007 978 3 319 71617 6_2 isbn 978 3319716176 a b oh j k 1 january 2007 echocardiography in heart failure beyond diagnosis european journal of echocardiography 8 1 4 14 doi 10 1016 j euje 2006 09 002 issn 1525 2167 pmid 17240313 modin daniel andersen ditte madsen biering sørensen tor june 2018 echo and heart failure when do people need an echo and when do they need natriuretic peptides echo research and practice 5 2 r65 r79 doi 10 1530 erp 18 0004 pmc 5958420 pmid 29691224 hanton g eder v rochefort g bonnet p hyvelin j m 2008 echocardiography a non invasive method for the assessment of cardiac function and morphology in preclinical drug toxicology and safety pharmacology expert opinion on drug metabolism toxicology 4 6 681 696 doi 10 1517 17425255 4 6 681 pmid 18611111 s2cid 72290828 batohi bhavna sidhu paul s 2014 the development of ultrasound for clinical use in thompson gilbert ed pioneers of medicine without a nobel prize world scientific pp 141 159 isbn 978 1783263868 retrieved 23 september 2016 singh siddharth goyal abha 2007 the origin of echocardiography a tribute to inge edler tex heart inst j 34 4 431 438 pmc 2170493 pmid 18172524 a b douglas p s 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pmc 2631252 pmid 18209772 bharucha tara roman kevin s anderson robert h vettukattil joseph j 2008 impact of multiplanar review of three dimensional echocardiographic data on management of congenital heart disease ann thorac surg 86 3 875 881 doi 10 1016 j athoracsur 2008 04 106 pmid 18721576 platts d brown m javorsky g west c kelly n burstow d 2010 comparison of fluoroscopic versus real time three dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic guidance of endomyocardial biopsies european journal of echocardiography 11 7 637 643 doi 10 1093 ejechocard jeq036 pmid 20335406 rodriguez gall innovations revolutionaize medical imaging nema electroindustry zhan junzhen zhong longhe wu juefei 20 june 2022 assessment and treatment for coronary microvascular dysfunction by contrast enhanced ultrasound frontiers in cardiovascular medicine 9 899099 doi 10 3389 fcvm 2022 899099 issn 2297 055x pmc 9251174 pmid 35795368 behera sarina k smith shea n tacy theresa a september 2017 impact of accreditation on 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