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Text of the page (random words):
contents move to sidebar hide top 1 comparison table 2 example 3 definitions 4 comparison to copyleft 5 comparison to public domain 6 license compatibility 7 reception and adoption 8 other terms toggle other terms subsection 8 1 non copyleft 8 2 copycenter 8 3 pushover license 9 see also 10 references 11 external links toggle the table of contents permissive software license 14 languages العربية català deutsch español français 日本語 한국어 português русский simple english தமிழ் türkçe українська 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia license with minimal restrictions a permissive software license sometimes also called bsd like or bsd style license 1 is a free software license which instead of copyleft protections carries only minimal requirements on how the software can be used modified and redistributed usually including a warranty disclaimer examples include the gnu all permissive license mit license bsd licenses apple public source license and apache license as of 2016 update the most popular free software license is the permissive mit license 2 3 comparison table edit public domain equivalents permissive license copyleft protective license noncommercial license proprietary license trade secret description grants all rights grants use rights forbids almost nothing allows proprietization license compatibility grants use rights forbids proprietization grants rights for noncommercial use only may or may not be combined with copyleft traditional use of copyright no rights need be granted no information made public software pd cc0 bsd mit apache gpl agpl jrl afpl proprietary software no public license private internal software other creative works pd cc0 cc by cc by sa free art license cc by nc sa cc by nc cc by nc sa copyright no public license unpublished example edit the following is the full text of the simple gnu all permissive license copyright year authors copying and distribution of this file with or without modification are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright notice and this notice are preserved this file is offered as is without any warranty gnu all permissive license 4 5 definitions edit the open source initiative defines a permissive software license as a non copyleft license that guarantees the freedoms to use modify and redistribute 6 github s choosealicense website describes the permissive mit license as letting people do anything they want with your code as long as they provide attribution back to you and don t hold you liable 7 california western school of law s newmediarights com defined them as follows the bsd like licenses such as the bsd mit and apache licenses are extremely permissive requiring little more than attributing the original portions of the licensed code to the original developers in your own code and or documentation 1 comparison to copyleft edit further information copyleft copyleft licenses generally require the reciprocal publication of the source code of any modified versions under the original work s copyleft license 8 9 permissive licenses in contrast do not try to guarantee that modified versions of the software will remain free and publicly available generally requiring only that the original copyright notice be retained 1 as a result derivative works or future versions of permissively licensed software can be released as proprietary software 10 defining how liberal a license is however is not something easily quantifiable and often depends on the goals of the final users if the latter are developers for some it might be valuable to have the right to modify and exploit source code written by others and possibly incorporate it into proprietary code and make money with it and therefore these see permissive licenses as offering them a right 11 while for other developers it might be more valuable to know that nobody will ever capitalize what has mostly been their work and therefore these see copyleft licenses as offering them a right furthermore the final users might not be developers at all and in this case copyleft licenses offer them the everlasting right to access a software as free software ensuring that it will never become closed source while permissive licenses offer no rights at all to non developer final users and software released with a permissive license could theoretically become from one day to another a closed source malware without the user even knowing it permissive licenses offer more extensive license compatibility than copyleft licenses which cannot generally be freely combined and mixed because their reciprocity requirements conflict with each other 12 13 14 15 16 comparison to public domain edit further information public domain software and public domain equivalent license computer associates int l v altai used the term public domain to refer to works that have become widely shared and distributed under permission rather than work that was deliberately put into the public domain however permissive licenses are not actually equivalent to releasing a work into the public domain permissive licenses often do stipulate some limited requirements such as that the original authors must be credited attribution if a work is truly in the public domain this is usually not legally required but a united states copyright registration requires disclosing material that has been previously published 17 and attribution may still be considered an ethical requirement in academia advocates of permissive licenses often recommend against attempting to release software to the public domain on the grounds that this can be legally problematic in some jurisdictions 18 19 public domain equivalent licenses are an attempt to solve this problem providing a fallback permissive license for cases where renunciation of copyright is not legally possible and sometimes also including a disclaimer of warranties similar to most permissive licenses license compatibility edit main article license compatibility license compatibility between common free and open source software foss licenses according to david a wheeler 2007 the vector arrows denote a one directional compatibility therefore better compatibility on the left side permissive licenses than on the right side copyleft licenses 20 in general permissive licenses have good license compatibility with most other software licenses in most situations 12 13 due to their non restrictiveness most permissive software licenses are even compatible with copyleft licenses which are incompatible with most other licenses some older permissive licenses such as the 4 clause bsd license the php license and the openssl license have clauses requiring advertising materials to credit the copyright holder which made them incompatible with copyleft licenses popular modern permissive licenses however such as the mit license the 3 clause bsd license and the zlib license do not include advertising clauses and are generally compatible with copyleft licenses some licenses do not allow derived works to add a restriction that says a redistributor cannot add more restrictions examples include the cddl and mspl however such restrictions also make the license incompatible with permissive free software licenses citation needed reception and adoption edit while they have been in use since the mid 1980s 21 several authors noted an increase in the popularity of permissive licenses during the 2010s 22 23 24 25 as of 2015 update the mit license a permissive license is the most popular free software license followed by gplv2 2 3 other terms edit non copyleft edit a permissive license is simply a non copyleft open source license open source initiative 26 sometimes the word permissive is considered too ambiguous because all free software licenses are permissive in the sense that they all allow to modify and redistribute the source code in most cases the real opposition is between copyleft licenses and non copyleft ones thus some authors prefer to use the term non copyleft instead of permissive 27 28 26 copycenter edit berkeley had what we called copycenter which is take it down to the copy center and make as many copies as you want marshall kirk mckusick 29 copycenter is a term originally used to explain the modified bsd license a permissive free software license the term was presented by computer scientist and berkeley software distribution bsd contributor marshall kirk mckusick at a bsd conference in 1999 it is a word play on copyright copyleft and copy center 29 30 pushover license edit we call them pushover licenses because they can t say no when one user tries to deny freedom to others richard stallman founder of the gnu operating system 31 in the free software foundation s guide to license compatibility and relicensing richard stallman defines permissive licenses as pushover licenses comparing them to those people who can t say no because they are seen as granting a right to deny freedom to others 31 the foundation recommends pushover licenses only for small programs below 300 lines of code where the benefits provided by copyleft are usually too small to justify the inconvenience of making sure a copy of the license always accompanies the software 32 see also edit free and open source software portal list of permissive software licenses license free software public domain equivalent license free software license comparison of free and open source software licenses free software foundation references edit 1 2 3 new media rights 2008 09 12 open source licensing guide california western school of law 1 2 top 20 licenses black duck software 19 november 2015 archived from the original on 19 july 2016 retrieved 19 november 2015 1 mit license 24 2 gnu general public license gpl 2 0 23 3 apache license 16 4 gnu general public license gpl 3 0 9 5 bsd license 2 0 3 clause new or revised license 6 6 gnu lesser general public license lgpl 2 1 5 7 artistic license perl 4 8 gnu lesser general public license lgpl 3 0 2 9 microsoft public license 2 10 eclipse public license epl 2 1 2 balter ben 2015 03 09 open source license usage on github com github com retrieved 2015 11 21 1 mit 44 69 2 other 15 68 3 gplv2 12 96 4 apache 11 19 5 gplv3 8 88 6 bsd 3 clause 4 53 7 unlicense 1 87 8 bsd 2 clause 1 70 9 lgplv3 1 30 10 agplv3 1 05 free software foundation various licenses and comments about them gnu all permissive license information for maintainers of gnu software license notices for other files permissive on opensource org a permissive license is simply a non copyleft open source license one that guarantees the freedoms to use modify and redistribute but that permits proprietary derivatives choosing an open source license doesn t need to be scary on choosealicense com which of the following best describes your situation i want it simple and permissive what is copyleft gnu retrieved 21 april 2011 categories of free and nonfree software gnu org amadeo ron 21 july 2018 google s iron grip on android controlling open source by any means necessary ars technica with this in mind the freebsd project advocates permissive licenses for companies and commercial use cases they say that they place only minimal restrictions on future behavior and argue that copyleft licenses are legal time bombs see montague bruce 2013 11 13 why you should use a bsd style license for your open source project freebsd retrieved 2015 11 28 9 gpl advantages and disadvantages 12 conclusion in contrast to the gpl which is designed to prevent the proprietary commercialization of open source code the bsd license places minimal restrictions on future behavior this allows bsd code to remain open source or become integrated into commercial solutions as a project s or company s needs change in other words the bsd license does not become a legal time bomb at any point in the development process in addition since the bsd license does not come with the legal complexity of the gpl or lgpl licenses it allows developers and companies to spend their time creating and promoting good code rather than worrying if that code violates licensing 1 2 licence compatibility european union public licence joinup ec europa eu archived from the original on 2015 06 17 retrieved 2015 05 30 the licenses for distributing free or open source software foss are divided in two families permissive and copyleft permissive licenses bsd mit x11 apache zope are generally compatible and interoperable with most other licenses tolerating to merge combine or improve the covered code and to re distribute it under many licenses including non free or proprietary 1 2 hanwell marcus d 2014 01 28 should i use a permissive license copyleft or something in the middle opensource com retrieved 2015 05 30 permissive licensing simplifies things one reason the business world and more and more developers favor permissive licenses is in the simplicity of reuse the license usually only pertains to the source code that is licensed and makes no attempt to infer any conditions upon any other component and because of this there is no need to define what constitutes a derived work i have also never seen a license compatibility chart for permissive licenses it seems that they are all compatible frequently asked questions about the gnu licenses is gplv3 compatible with gplv2 gnu org retrieved 2014 06 03 no some of the requirements in gplv3 such as the requirement to provide installation information do not exist in gplv2 as a result the licenses are not compatible if you tried to combine code released under both these licenses you would violate section 6 of gplv2 however if code is released under gpl version 2 or later that is compatible with gplv3 because gplv3 is one of the options it permits landley rob celf 2013 toybox talk landley net retrieved 2013 08 21 gplv3 broke the gpl into incompatible forks that can t share code interpreting enforcing and changing the gnu gpl as applied to combining linux and zfs fsf org retrieved 2020 06 08 us copyright office form co see also ashton tate v fox openbsd copyright policy the openbsd project retrieved 2020 06 09 in some jurisdictions it is doubtful whether voluntarily placing one s own work into the public domain is legally possible for that reason to make any substantial body of code free it is preferable to state the copyright and put it under an isc or bsd license instead of attempting to release it into the public domain hipp d richard why sqlite succeeded as a database the changelog also at the time i did not realize having lived my whole life in the united states which is you know under british common law where the public domain is something that s recognized...
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