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Text of the page (random words):
evices off o normalization formd o relatime on o xattr sa o mountpoint boot r mnt bpool dev sdc3 i haven t investigated all those settings and just trust the upstream guide on the above main pool creation this is a more typical pool creation zpool create o ashift 12 o encryption on o keylocation prompt o keyformat passphrase o acltype posixacl o xattr sa o dnodesize auto o compression zstd o relatime on o canmount off o mountpoint r mnt rpool dev sdc4 breaking this down o ashift 12 mentioned above 4k sector size o encryption on o keylocation prompt o keyformat passphrase encryption prompt for a password default algorithm is aes 256 gcm explicit in the guide made implicit here o acltype posixacl o xattr sa enable acls with better performance not enabled by default o dnodesize auto related to extended attributes less compatibility with other implementations o compression zstd enable zstd compression can be disabled enabled by dataset to with zfs set compression off rpool example o relatime on classic atime optimisation another that could be used on a busy server is atime off o canmount off do not make the pool mount automatically with mount a o mountpoint r mnt mount pool on in the future but mnt for now those settings are all available in zfsprops 8 other flags are defined in zpool create 8 the reasoning behind them is also explained in the upstream guide and some also in the debian wiki those flags were actually not used o normalization formd normalize file names on comparisons not storage implies utf8only on which is a bad idea and effectively meant my first sync failed to copy some files including this folder from a supysonic checkout and this cannot be changed after the filesystem is created bad bad bad the debian wiki https wiki debian org zfs advanced_topics side note about single disk pools also note that we re living dangerously here single disk zfs pools are rumoured to be more dangerous than not running zfs at all the choice quote from this article is any error can be detected but cannot be corrected this sounds like an acceptable compromise but its actually not the reason its not is that zfs metadata cannot be allowed to be corrupted if it is it is likely the zpool will be impossible to mount and will probably crash the system once the corruption is found so a couple of bad sectors in the right place will mean that all data on the zpool will be lost not some all also there s no zfs recovery tools so you cannot recover any data on the drives compared with say ext4 where a single disk error can recovered this is pretty bad but we are ready to live with this with the idea that we ll have hourly offline snapshots that we can easily recover from it s trade off also we re running this on a nvme m 2 drive which typically just blinks out of existence completely and doesn t bit rot the way a hdd would also the freebsd handbook quick start doesn t have any warnings about their first example which is with a single disk so i am reassured at least creating mount points next we create the actual filesystems known as datasets which are the things that get mounted on mountpoint and hold the actual files this creates two containers for root and boot zfs create o canmount off o mountpoint none rpool root zfs create o canmount off o mountpoint none bpool boot note that it s unclear to me why those datasets are necessary but they seem common practice also used in this freebsd example the openzfs guide mentions the solaris upgrades and ubuntu s zsys that use that container for upgrades and rollbacks this blog post seems to explain a bit the layout behind the installer this creates the actual boot and root filesystems zfs create o canmount noauto o mountpoint rpool root debian zfs mount rpool root debian zfs create o mountpoint boot bpool boot debian i guess the debian name here is because we could technically have multiple operating systems with the same underlying datasets then the main datasets zfs create rpool home zfs create o mountpoint root rpool home root chmod 700 mnt root zfs create rpool var exclude temporary files from snapshots zfs create o com sun auto snapshot false rpool var cache zfs create o com sun auto snapshot false rpool var tmp chmod 1777 mnt var tmp and skip automatic snapshots in docker zfs create o canmount off rpool var lib zfs create o com sun auto snapshot false rpool var lib docker notice here a peculiarity we must create rpool var lib to create rpool var lib docker otherwise we get this error cannot create rpool var lib docker parent does not exist and no just creating mnt var lib doesn t fix that problem in fact it makes things even more confusing because an existing directory shadows a mountpoint which is the opposite of how things normally work also note that you will probably need to change storage driver in docker see the zfs driver documentation for details but basically i did echo storage driver zfs etc docker daemon json note that podman has the same problem and similar solution printf storage ndriver zfs n etc containers storage conf make a tmpfs for run mkdir mnt run mount t tmpfs tmpfs mnt run mkdir mnt run lock we don t create a srv as that s the hdd stuff also mount the efi partition mkfs fat f 32 dev sdc2 mount dev sdc2 mnt boot efi at this point everything should be mounted in mnt it should look like this root curie lang c df h t zfs t vfat filesystem size used avail use mounted on rpool root debian 899g 384k 899g 1 mnt bpool boot debian 832m 123m 709m 15 mnt boot rpool home 899g 256k 899g 1 mnt home rpool home root 899g 256k 899g 1 mnt root rpool var 899g 384k 899g 1 mnt var rpool var cache 899g 256k 899g 1 mnt var cache rpool var tmp 899g 256k 899g 1 mnt var tmp rpool var lib docker 899g 256k 899g 1 mnt var lib docker dev sdc2 511m 4 0k 511m 1 mnt boot efi now that we have everything setup and mounted let s copy all files over copying files this is a list of all the mounted filesystems for fs in boot boot efi home do echo syncing fs to mnt fs rsync ashaxx info progress2 delete fs mnt fs done you can check that the list is correct with mount l t ext4 btrfs vfat awk print 3 note that we skip srv as it s on a different disk on the first run we had root curie for fs in boot boot efi home do echo syncing fs to mnt fs rsync ashaxx info progress2 fs mnt fs done syncing boot to mnt boot 0 0 0 00kb s 0 00 00 xfr 0 to chk 0 299 syncing boot efi to mnt boot efi 16 831 437 100 184 14mb s 0 00 00 xfr 101 to chk 0 110 syncing to mnt 28 019 293 280 94 47 63mb s 0 09 21 xfr 703710 ir chk 6748 839220 rsync generator delete_file rmdir var lib docker failed device or resource busy 16 could not make way for new symlink var lib docker 34 081 267 990 98 50 71mb s 0 10 40 xfr 736577 to chk 0 867732 rsync error some files attrs were not transferred see previous errors code 23 at main c 1333 sender 3 2 3 syncing home to mnt home rsync sender readlink_stat home anarcat fuse failed permission denied 13 24 456 268 098 98 68 03mb s 0 05 42 xfr 159867 ir chk 6875 172377 file has vanished home anarcat cache mozilla firefox s2hwvqbu quantum cache2 entries b3ab0cda9c4454b3c1197e5a22669df8ee849d90 199 762 528 125 93 74 82mb s 0 42 26 xfr 1437846 ir chk 1018 1983979 rsync generator recv_generator mkdir mnt home anarcat dist supysonic tests assets 346 failed invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character 84 skipping any contents from this failed directory 315 384 723 978 96 76 82mb s 1 05 15 xfr 2256473 to chk 0 2993950 rsync error some files attrs were not transferred see previous errors code 23 at main c 1333 sender 3 2 3 note the failure to transfer that supysonic file it turns out they had a weird filename in their source tree since then removed but still it showed how the utf8only feature might not be such a bad idea at this point the procedure was restarted all the way back to creating pools after unmounting all zfs filesystems umount mnt run mnt boot efi umount t zfs a and destroying the pool which surprisingly doesn t require any confirmation zpool destroy rpool the second run was cleaner root curie for fs in boot boot efi home do echo syncing fs to mnt fs rsync ashaxx info progress2 delete fs mnt fs done syncing boot to mnt boot 0 0 0 00kb s 0 00 00 xfr 0 to chk 0 299 syncing boot efi to mnt boot efi 0 0 0 00kb s 0 00 00 xfr 0 to chk 0 110 syncing to mnt 28 019 033 070 97 42 03mb s 0 10 35 xfr 703671 ir chk 1093 833515 rsync generator delete_file rmdir var lib docker failed device or resource busy 16 could not make way for new symlink var lib docker 34 081 807 102 98 44 84mb s 0 12 04 xfr 736580 to chk 0 867723 rsync error some files attrs were not transferred see previous errors code 23 at main c 1333 sender 3 2 3 syncing home to mnt home rsync sender readlink_stat home anarcat fuse failed permission denied 13 io error encountered skipping file deletion 24 043 086 450 96 62 03mb s 0 06 09 xfr 151819 ir chk 15117 172571 file has vanished home anarcat cache mozilla firefox s2hwvqbu quantum cache2 entries 4c1fdbfea976ff924d062fb990b24b897a77b84b 315 423 626 507 96 67 09mb s 1 14 43 xfr 2256845 to chk 0 2994364 rsync error some files attrs were not transferred see previous errors code 23 at main c 1333 sender 3 2 3 also note the transfer speed we seem capped at 76mb s or 608mbit s this is not as fast as i was expecting the usb connection seems to be at around 5gbps anarcat curie lsusb tv head 4 bus 02 port 1 dev 1 class root_hub driver xhci_hcd 6p 5000m id 1d6b 0003 linux foundation 3 0 root hub __ port 1 dev 4 if 0 class mass storage driver uas 5000m id 0b05 1932 asustek computer inc so it shouldn t cap at that speed it s possible the usb adapter is failing to give me the full speed though it s not the m 2 ssd drive either as that has a 500mb s bandwidth acccording to its spec at this point we re about ready to do the final configuration we drop to single user mode and do the rest of the procedure that used to be shutdown now but it seems like the systemd switch broke that so now you can reboot into grub and pick the recovery option alternatively you might try systemctl rescue as i found out i also wanted to copy the drive over to another new nvme drive but that failed it looks like the usb controller i have doesn t work with older non nvme drives boot configuration now we need to enter the new system to rebuild the boot loader and initrd and so on first we bind mounts and chroot into the zfs disk mount rbind dev mnt dev mount rbind proc mnt proc mount rbind sys mnt sys chroot mnt bin bash next we add an extra service that imports the bpool on boot to make sure it survives a zpool cache destruction cat etc systemd system zfs import bpool service eof unit defaultdependencies no before zfs import scan service before zfs import cache service service type oneshot remainafterexit yes execstart sbin zpool import n o cachefile none bpool work around to preserve zpool cache execstartpre bin mv etc zfs zpool cache etc zfs preboot_zpool cache execstartpost bin mv etc zfs preboot_zpool cache etc zfs zpool cache install wantedby zfs import target eof enable the service systemctl enable zfs import bpool service i had to trim down etc fstab and etc crypttab to only contain references to the legacy filesystems srv is still btrfs if we don t already have a tmpfs defined in etc fstab ln s usr share systemd tmp mount etc systemd system systemctl enable tmp mount rebuild boot loader with support for zfs but also to workaround grub s missing zpool features support grub probe boot grep q zfs update initramfs c k all sed i s grub_cmdline_linux grub_cmdline_linux root zfs rpool root debian etc default grub update grub for good measure make sure the right disk is configured here for example you might want to tag both drives in a raid array dpkg reconfigure grub pc install grub to efi while you re there grub install target x86_64 efi efi directory boot efi bootloader id debian recheck no floppy filesystem mount ordering the rationale here in the openzfs guide is a little strange but i don t dare ignore that mkdir etc zfs zfs list cache touch etc zfs zfs list cache bpool touch etc zfs zfs list cache rpool zed f verify that zed updated the cache by making sure these are not empty cat etc zfs zfs list cache bpool cat etc zfs zfs list cache rpool once the files have data stop zed fg press ctrl c fix the paths to eliminate mnt sed ei s mnt etc zfs zfs list cache snapshot initial install zfs snapshot bpool boot debian install zfs snapshot rpool root debian install exit chroot exit finalizing one last sync was done in rescue mode for fs in boot boot efi home do echo syncing fs to mnt fs rsync ashaxx info progress2 delete fs mnt fs done then we unmount all filesystems mount grep v zfs tac awk mnt print 3 xargs i umount lf zpool export a reboot swap the drives and boot in zfs hurray benchmarks this is a test that was ran in single user mode using fio and the ars technica recommended tests which are single 4kib random write process fio name randwrite4k1x ioengine posixaio rw randwrite bs 4k size 4g numjobs 1 iodepth 1 runtime 60 time_based end_fsync 1 16 parallel 64kib random write processes fio name randwrite64k16x ioengine posixaio rw randwrite bs 64k size 256m numjobs 16 iodepth 16 runtime 60 time_based end_fsync 1 single 1mib random write process fio name randwrite1m1x ioengine posixaio rw randwrite bs 1m size 16g numjobs 1 iodepth 1 runtime 60 time_based end_fsync 1 strangely that s not exactly what the author jim salter did in his actual test bench used in the zfs benchmarking article the first thing is there s no read test at all which is already pretty strange but also it doesn t include stuff like dropping caches or repeating results so here s my variation which i called fio ars bench sh for now it just batches a bunch of fio tests one by one 60 seconds each it should take about 12 minutes to run as there are 3 pair of tests read write with and without async my bias before building running and analysing those results is that zfs should outperform the traditional stack on writes but possibly not on reads it s also possible it outperforms it on both because it s a newer drive a new test might be possible with a new external usb drive as well although i doubt i will find the time to do this results all tests were done on wd blue sn550 drives which claims to be able to push 2400mb s read and 1750mb s write an extra drive was bought to move the lvm setup from a wdc wds500g1b0b 00as40 ssd a wd blue m 2 2280 ssd that was at least 5 years old spec d at 560mb s read 530mb s write benchmarks were done on the m 2 ssd drive but discarded so that the drive difference is not a factor in the test in practice i m going to assume we ll never reach those numbers because we re not actually nvme this is an old workstation so the bottleneck isn t the disk itself for our purposes it might still give us useful results rescue test luks lvm ext4 those tests were performed with everything shutdown after either entering the system in rescue mode or by r...
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