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carp (215), the (177), and (113), fish (98), #species (43), common (36), retrieved (36), for (35), are (34), from (33), with (30), koi (27), christmas (25), cyprinus (25), may (24), meat (21), aquaculture (21), edit (21), chinese (20), carpio (20), 2012 (20), food (19), list (18), have (18), seafood (17), 2023 (16), iucn (15), doi (14), carassius (14), been (14), japanese (13), china (13), such (13), states (12), that (12), this (11), culture (11), fishing (11), japan (11), eds (11), version (11), information (11), has (11), articles (10), asia (10), united (10), santa (10), other (10), salmon (10), goldfish (10), more (10), bighead (10), fishbase (10), pauly (10), daniel (10), froese (10), rainer (10), hypophthalmichthys (10), red (9), black (9), history (9), water (9), fried (9), sea (9), crucian (9), catla (9), 2008 (9), threatened (9), cirrhinus (9), integrated (9), taxonomic (9), system (9), many (9), they (9), europe (8), family (8), production (8), dishes (8), fisheries (8), 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variations in temperature 54 55 from these experiments ropsha hybrid carp were developed for traits such as tolerance to cold 56 an increase in growth rate was observed in the second generation in vietnam 57 moav and wohlfarth 1976 showed positive results when selecting for slower growth for three generations compared to selecting for faster growth 58 schaperclaus 1962 showed resistance to the dropsy disease wherein selected lines suffered low mortality 11 5 compared to unselected 57 59 the major carp species used traditionally in chinese aquaculture are the black grass silver and bighead carp in the 1950s the pearl river fishery research institute in china made a technological breakthrough in the induced breeding of these carps which resulted in a rapid expansion of freshwater aquaculture in china 60 in the late 1990s scientists at the chinese academy of fishery sciences developed a new variant of the common carp called the jian carp cyprinus carpio var jian this fish grows rapidly and has a high feed conversion rate over 50 of the total aquaculture production of carp in china has now converted to jian carp 60 61 the major traditional aquaculture carp of china black carp grass carp silver carp bighead carp as ornamental fish edit main articles goldfish koi and koi pond goldfish and other carp from fish swimming amid falling flowers a song dynasty painting by liu cai c 1080 1120 man feeding a shoal of koi at atago shrine in minato tokyo japan an oranda type variegated pearlscale carp along with many of their cyprinid relatives are popular ornamental aquarium and pond fish ornamental goldfish were originally domesticated from their wild form a dark greyish brown carp native to asia but may have been influenced by carassius carassius and carassius gibelio they were first bred for color in china over a thousand years ago due to selective breeding goldfish have been developed into many distinct breeds and are found in various colors color patterns forms and sizes far different from those of the original carp goldfish were kept as ornamental fish in china for thousands of years before being introduced to japan in 1603 and to europe in 1611 62 nishikigoi better known simply as koi are a domesticated varieties of common carp and amur carp cyprinus rubrofuscus that have been selectively bred for color the common carp was introduced from china to japan where selective breeding in the 1820s in the niigata region resulted in koi 63 in japanese culture koi are treated with affection and seen as good luck 64 they are popular in other parts of the world as outdoor pond fish 65 as food edit wikibooks cookbook has a recipe module on carp slices of grass carp fillets for sale at a supermarket in hong kong bighead carp is enjoyed in many parts of the world but it has not become a popular food fish in north america acceptance has been hindered in part by the name carp and its association with the common carp which is not a generally favored fish to be eaten in north america the flesh of the bighead carp is white and firm different from that of the common carp which is darker and richer bighead carp flesh shares one similarity with common carp flesh both have intramuscular bones within the filet however bighead carp captured from the wild in the united states tend to be much larger than common carp so the intramuscular bones are also larger and thus less problematic common carp breaded and fried is part of traditional christmas eve dinners in slovakia poland the eastern part of croatia and in the czech republic in pond based water agriculture it is treated as the most prominent food fish some recipes are specifically for carp such as sweet and sour carp chinese 糖醋鯉魚 pinyin tángcù lǐyú and thick miso soup with carp japanese 鯉こく romanized koikoku crucian carp is considered the best tasting pan fish in poland it is known as karaś and is served traditionally with sour cream karasie w śmietanie 66 in russia this particular species is called золотой карась meaning golden crucian it is one of the fish used in a borscht recipe called borshch s karasej 67 mud carp due to the low cost of production is mainly consumed by the poor locally it is mostly sold alive but can be dried and salted carp aquaculture has become an important industry worldwide particularly in asia where carp farming provides a significant source of protein for both human consumption and aquaculture feed production 68 an important food fish in guangdong province it is also cultured in this area and taiwan mud carp is sometimes canned or processed as fish cakes fish balls 69 or dumplings 68 as used in cantonese and shunde cuisines it can be combined with douchi or chinese fermented black beans in a dish called fried dace with salted black beans it can be served cooked with vegetables such as chinese cabbage fisherman s soup kuai taramosalata masgouf a popular iraqi dish consisting of seasoned grilled carp gefilte fish an ashkenazi jewish dish made from a poached mixture of ground deboned fish primarily carp whitefish and pike gallery edit carp based dishes catla kalia a popular fish curry preparation from west bengal india carp curry india fried carp from franconia germany pan fried crucian carp russia traditional christmas dinner fried carp with potato salad czech republic stir fried crucian carp with rice japan carp fish in spices and herbs cooked in a banana leaf sundanese deep fried chunk of pickled pla som silver barb pla taphian barbecued carp northern croatia koikoku thick miso soup with carp japan common carp in culture edit common carp the original chinese character for carp in seal script top traditional middle and simplified bottom characters chinese name traditional chinese 鯉魚 simplified chinese 鲤鱼 literal meaning carp fish transcriptions standard mandarin hanyu pinyin lǐyú wade giles li 3 yü 2 ipa li ̀ y ̌ yue cantonese yale romanization léih yùh jyutping lei 5 jyu 4 ipa lej jy japanese name kanji 鯉 transcriptions romanization koi in chinese literature edit a long tradition of common carp exists in chinese culture and literature one story includes an anecdote which relates to how a man far away from home sent his wife a pair of carp chinese 鲤鱼 pinyin liyu and that when the wife opened the fish to cook them she found silk strips that said eat well to keep fit and missing you and forget me not 70 the dragon gate myth edit mirror carp jumping up into the air these paragraphs are an excerpt from dragon gate mythology edit in chinese mythology the dragon gate simplified chinese 龙门 traditional chinese 龍門 pinyin lóngmén jyutping lung4 mun4 is located at the top of a waterfall cascading from a legendary mountain the legend states that while many carp swim upstream against the river s strong current few are capable or brave enough for the final leap over the waterfall if a carp successfully makes the jump it is transformed into a powerful dragon 71 in japanese culture edit the modern japanese koi fish are a brightly colored species of the amur carp that have been bred by rice farmers in japan since the early 19th century 72 this subspecies of carp plays a significant role in japanese art often being depicted as symbols of luck strength and tenacity 73 for this reason koi fish are also presented as gifts in japanese culture as symbols of love gratitude and peace their bright colors and unique patterns present a high degree of eloquence to the japanese people thus creating a level of respect and appreciation for the koi with koi fish being at the forefront of a lot of japanese art it is common to find modern depictions of koi in paintings home art murals and even tattoos to many people koi fish strongly represent samurai warriors as they are able to be seen swimming upwards against a rivers current symbolizing a samurai s bravery one typical saying is the phrase koi no taki nobori translating to carp climbing the waterfalls a phrase that is used to describe a persons strength and 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