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while the coen river forms part of its western boundary the peninsula developmental road runs roughly north to south through the locality 6 though the town falls within the boundaries of the shire of cook the town is about 400 kilometres 250 mi from the shire s headquarters in cooktown about a 6 5 hour drive 5 moojeeba is a town in the south east of the locality on the northern bank of the stewart river 14 04 45 s 143 38 55 e 14 0791 s 143 6486 e 14 0791 143 6486 moojeeba town 7 port stewart is a town also on the northern bank of the stewart river but closer to the river mouth into the coral sea 14 04 01 s 143 41 10 e 14 0669 s 143 6861 e 14 0669 143 6861 port stewart town 8 history edit the coen area is the traditional homeland of the kaanju people 5 kaanju also known as kaanju and kandju is a language of the cape york peninsula the kaanju language now known as southern kaantju language the local language of the region is spoken in the area within the local government boundaries of the shire of cook 9 in 1623 jan carstensz the navigator of the ship pera of the dutch east india company named a river on cape york peninsula after jan pieterszoon coen the governor general of the dutch east indies today that river is known as the archer river and the name coen river is given to one of its tributaries 3 4 the coen district was first settled by europeans following the exploration of cape york peninsula by william hann in 1872 hann s party discovered gold on the palmer river southwest of cooktown after hearing of the discovery james mulligan led an expedition to the palmer river in 1873 a government surveyor a c macmillan with a group of engineers protected by a consignment of native police blazed a track from cooktown to the palmer river goldfields in october 1873 5 in 1876 robert sefton found gold at the coen river after leading a prospecting party into the interior of the cape york peninsula he built a log fort there for protection from any hostility from local aboriginal groups and prospected for gold in the surrounding country in 1878 there was a gold rush to coen following sefton s return to cooktown with 140 ounces of gold about 500 miners flocked to the coen field but exploration further afield was not possible due to the danger of being attacked by local aboriginal people the alluvial gold was soon extracted and the miners began leaving after the discovery of gold at lukinville on the lower palmer river 5 in 1879 geologist robert logan jack led a government sponsored exploration of cape york peninsula jack left cooktown and travelled up the coen track previously marked out by sefton where they encountered aboriginal people in great numbers 5 most of them were frightened of the white men having no doubt learnt a few lessons at the muzzles of snider rifles in the hands of the diggers travelling the coen track in 1880 it was reported that about 350 chinese miners had returned to the coen goldfield 5 due to the fierce resistance of local aboriginal people european settlement on the mcivor and coen rivers only took a tentative hold during the early 1880s in 1881 the first settlers on those rivers had to retreat to cooktown a cooktown newspaper correspondent reported that 5 the mcivor country is now completely abandoned i fear it will be some time before there is any attempt to stock the country again as the blacks are likely to be very troublesome to the next party which goes out i am informed that there are still two europeans and ten chinese prospecting about the coen but all the teams and cattle have come in sergeant whiteford and the aboriginal trackers 1898 the overland telegraph to the cape york peninsula was built between 1883 and 1887 and european expansion and settlement accelerated european settlement progressed into the peninsula with the help of native police protection after a native police camp was established at mcivor in 1886 and at coen in 1888 the aboriginal people in the coen district adapted to european settlement by moving onto the newly established cattle stations where they became stockmen and domestic labour some worked in the mines and a few were employed in coen several men were attached to the coen police station as trackers others continued to live as they always had in 1947 an extended family group was found by the police near the archer river and brought into coen the police reported that the group were living a traditional lifestyle and had had very little contact with western civilisation 5 around 1890 reef gold was found at coen and mining recommenced in 1892 coen had a population of approximately 125 people including a small population of 25 chinese immigrants who prospected for gold and worked their market gardens the buildings at coen comprised a hotel store butcher s shop blacksmith s shop and a row of 6 cottages occupied by miners and their families the police camp was situated 2 miles from town on the coen river and the telegraph station was 1 mile from town on lankelly creek supplies to coen were transported from cooktown to the port stewart store and from there bullock teams transported goods the 40 miles to coen 5 coen post office opened on 20 june 1893 a receiving office had been open from 1888 10 coen provisional school opened on 6 may 1895 on 1 january 1909 it became coen state school it closed in 1929 but reopened circa 1948 11 in january 2010 it became a campus of the western cape college in january 2012 it became a campus of the cape york aboriginal australian academy 12 13 in 1897 the queensland parliament passed the aboriginal protection and restriction of the sale of opium act 1897 which granted the home secretar the power to cause every aboriginal within any district not being an aboriginal exempted from the provisions of this section to be removed to and kept within the limits of any reserve situated within such district in such manner and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed over 300 aboriginal people were removed from the coen district to aboriginal reserves almost half of those removed were sent to palm island included in this number were the lama lama people of the stewart river area who had been dispossessed of their lands by european pastoral expansion into their country in the late 19th century they formed a community at the stewart river on what is now silver plains station near the site of the moojeeba township in the 1930s they were removed to lockhart river mission but later returned to port stewart 5 great northern mine s crushing statistics 1905 the great northern mine continued operations until 1916 and produced some 52 000 troy ounces 1 600 kg of gold before it closed citation needed as gold mining declined from around the 1930s coen still remained an important administrative and social centre for the surrounding cape york peninsula communities citation needed in the 1930s mainly older aboriginal people from the munkan kaanju and lama lama lived scattered around coen living in bark and stick huts in 1939 there was an influx of aboriginal people who had earlier been removed from coen to lockhart river and others from ebagoola and the archer river a more permanent camp was then established as the camp increased in size the director of native affairs was in favour of removing everyone to lockhart river mission to avoid the expense associated with providing services to the camp however the local protector opposed the proposal saying that 5 your suggestion to send these old people to lockhart river is unthinkable if you send them there they will only walk back to their own native country coen is their home their native land and at least they might be happy in the knowledge that they might die in the place where they first saw the light of day the local coen protector arranged for the aboriginal people who were working to contribute to the cost of camp improvements and under those terms they were allowed to stay at coen 5 during world war ii coen was an important part of the forward defence network in october 1942 detachments of 16 australian field company royal australian engineers travelled to cooktown mount surprise and coen to build repeater huts 14 in may 1944 14 acres were gazetted near coen as an aboriginal reserve the reserve was located south of the town on the coen river between oscar and spring creeks over time more buildings were erected on the reserve and a market garden established in 1961 the reserve between oscar and spring creeks was closed and a new aboriginal reserve established the new reserve was located closer to the town on the coen river opposite the cemetery 5 isolation was a challenge in coen in particular in regard to communication with one of the last pack horse runs in queensland operating out of coen as late as the 1950s as well until the 1960s when the weipa bamaga area was developed coen was the most northerly town on cape york peninsula 15 in 1961 the owner of the silver plains station falsely accused the lama lama people of harassing stock the accusations came as a response to the lama lama people refusing to work on the station at under award rates of pay the lama lama were removed to cowal creek after being tricked into believing they were going to thursday island for a medical check up some families walked back to coen eventually the majority resettled themselves at coen 5 reserve huts coen in the late 1970s the introduction of equal wages for aboriginal pastoral workers saw the disappearance of work on pastoral stations for many aboriginal people and the permanent population of coen grew to its present size the queensland government funded the construction of houses at coen during the 1970s 5 in 1987 the lama lama people at coen started petitioning the queensland government for a grant of land on their traditional country at port stewart in 1989 the department of aboriginal and islander affairs gave the lama lama people a vehicle so that they could maintain an outstation at port stewart 5 by 1990 the department of family services and aboriginal and islander affairs owned 12 houses in the town of coen and 12 at the aboriginal reserve opposite the cemetery in the 1990s the aboriginal population of coen had split into two different family groups one group continued to live at the aboriginal reserve opposite the cemetery and the other had taken up residence down the river at the council camping reserve these two groups continue to live separately today 5 in 1993 the coen regional aboriginal corporation was established with its administration centre located in coen this was a non statutory corporation incorporated under the commonwealth aboriginal councils and association act 1976 and provides services to the coen aboriginal community and outstations in the region the corporation helped facilitate the increase in the outstation or homelands movement in the region many more people were now able to use the semi permanent camps they have established on their traditional lands outstations belonging to the different groups in the coen district include stoney creek langi port stewart wenlock puntimu and glen garland as at 2017 there were up to 12 outstations in the district 5 on 3 july 2014 barry port retired from the queensland police he was australia s last aboriginal police tracker in his 36 years working for the police he has tracked criminals missing people and stowaways 16 17 demographics edit in the 2011 census the locality of coen had a population of 416 people of whom 286 68 6 identify as indigenous 18 in the 2016 census the locality of coen had a population of 364 people of whom 297 79 8 identify as indigenous 19 in the 2021 census the locality of coen had a population of 320 people of whom 236 73 8 identify as indigenous 2 education edit coen campus is a primary prep 6 campus of the cape york aboriginal australian academy it is on the peninsula developmental road 13 56 44 s 143 12 00 e 13 9455 s 143 1999 e 13 9455 143 1999 coen campus of cyaaa 20 21 22 there are no secondary schools in coen nor nearby distance education and boarding schools are the alternatives 6 facilities edit today coen provides services to the region and is an important supply point on the long unpaved road leading to weipa and other northern communities it is a popular stopping point for tourists driving to the tip of cape york the northernmost part of the australian mainland it has an airstrip at coen airport 24 kilometres 15 mi north of the town public library hotel motel guest house general store with a fuel outlet mechanic medical clinic post office police station camping grounds primary school kindergarten ranger base and more there is a scheduled air service to lockhart and cairns four times a week our lady of the way catholic church is at 1 armbrust street corner of taylor street 13 56 43 s 143 12 03 e 13 94527 s 143 20074 e 13 94527 143 20074 our lady of the way catholic church it is within the cooktown parish of the roman catholic diocese of cairns 23 24 25 there is a boat ramp at port stewart into the stewart river 14 03 55 s 143 41 15 e 14 0652 s 143 6876 e 14 0652 143 6876 port stewart boat ramp it is managed by the cook shire council 26 attractions edit small gold mine near coen 1990 coen is an ideal destination for birdwatchers there are good accommodations and a large and varied bird fauna with representatives from rain forest monsoon forest and coastal forests heritage listings edit coen has a number of heritage listed sites including coen carrier station coleman close 13 56 24 s 143 11 56 e 13 9399 s 143 1989 e 13 9399 143 1989 coen carrier station 27 climate edit coen has a tropical savanna climate aw with distinct wet and dry seasons daytime temperatures are usually over 30 c 86 f most of the year the dry season runs from may to october the temperatures in this season can drop below 10 c 50 f in the coolest months between may and august and it can peak further above 35 c 95 f in the build up months between september and november the wet season occurs from december to march and is characterized by frequent torrential downpours and high humidity this season is also generally associated with the arrival of the monsoon trough and tropical cyclones climate data for coen month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high c f 38 4 101 1 38 0 100 4 36 0 96 8 34 5 94 1 34 7 94 5 34 3 93 7 33 6 92 5 35 2 95 4 37 6 99 7 39 5 103 1 40 6 105 1 40 0 104 0 40 6 105 1 mean daily maximum c f 32 1 89 8 31 2 88 2 31 1 88 0 30 6 87 1 29 9 85 8 28 8 83 8 28 5 83 3 29 5 85 1 31 1 88 0 32 8 91 0 34 1 93 4 33 7 92 7 31 1 88 0 mean daily minimum c f 23 4 74 1 23 4 74 1 23 1 73 6 21 9 71 4 20 1 68 2 17 8 64 0 17 1 62 8 17 4 63 3 18 7 65 7 20 7 69 3 22 4 72 3 23 3 73 9 20 8 69 4 record low c f 19 2 66 6 20 0 68 0 17 9 64 2 12 2 54 0 11 5 52 7 9 5 49 1 7 5 45 5 7 8 46 0 11 0 51 8 10 0 50 0 16 3 61 3 18 5 65 3 7 5 45 5 average rainfall mm inches 306 1 12 05 303 5 11 95 256 2 10 09 74 5 2 93 11 4 0 45 3 4 0 13 1 4 0 06 1 5 ...
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