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uhf tv channels in the u s amateur radio operators providing essential communication needs in connection with the immediate safety of human life and immediate protection of property when normal communication systems are not available may use any frequency including those of other radio services such as police and fire and in cases of disaster in alaska may use the statewide emergency frequency of 5 1675 mhz with restrictions upon emissions 70 similarly amateurs in the united states may apply to be registered with the military auxiliary radio system mars once approved and trained these amateurs also operate on us government military frequencies to provide contingency communications and morale message traffic support to the military services v t e international amateur radio frequency allocations t1 range band itu region 1 itu region 2 itu region 3 lf 2200 m 135 7 137 8 khz mf 630 m 472 479 khz 160 m 1 810 1 850 mhz 1 800 2 000 mhz hf 80 75 m 3 500 3 800 mhz 3 500 4 000 mhz 3 500 3 900 mhz 60 m 5 3515 5 3665 mhz 40 m 7 000 7 200 mhz 7 000 7 300 mhz 7 000 7 200 mhz 30 m t2 10 100 10 150 mhz 20 m 14 000 14 350 mhz 17 m t2 18 068 18 168 mhz 15 m 21 000 21 450 mhz 12 m t2 24 890 24 990 mhz 10 m 28 000 29 700 mhz vhf 8 m t3 40 000 40 700 mhz n a 6 m 50 000 52 000 mhz 50 000 54 000 mhz t4 50 000 54 000 mhz 5 m t3 58 000 60 100 mhz n a 4 m t3 70 000 70 500 mhz n a 2 m 144 000 146 000 mhz 144 000 148 000 mhz 1 25 m n a 220 000 225 000 mhz n a uhf 70 cm 430 000 440 000 mhz 430 000 440 000 mhz 420 000 450 000 mhz t4 33 cm n a 902 000 928 000 mhz n a 23 cm 1 240 1 300 ghz 13 cm 2 300 2 450 ghz shf 9 cm 3 400 3 475 ghz t4 3 300 3 500 ghz 5 cm 5 650 5 850 ghz 5 650 5 925 ghz 5 650 5 850 ghz 3 cm 10 000 10 500 ghz 1 2 cm 24 000 24 250 ghz ehf 6 mm 47 000 47 200 ghz 4 mm t4 75 500 ghz t3 81 500 ghz 76 000 81 500 ghz 2 5 mm 122 250 123 000 ghz 2 mm 134 000 141 000 ghz 1 mm 241 000 250 000 ghz thf sub mm some administrations have authorized spectrum for amateur use in this region others have declined to regulate frequencies above 300 ghz t1 all allocations are subject to variation by country for simplicity only common allocations found internationally are listed see a band s article for specifics t2 hf allocation created at the 1979 world administrative radio conference these are commonly called the warc bands t3 this is not mentioned in the itu s table of frequency allocations but many individual administrations have commonly adopted this allocation under article 4 4 t4 this includes a currently active footnote allocation mentioned in the itu s table of frequency allocations these allocations may only apply to a group of countries see also radio spectrum electromagnetic spectrum modes of communication edit see also list of amateur radio modes amateurs use a variety of voice text image and data communication modes over radio generally new modes can be tested in the amateur radio service although national regulations may require disclosure of a new mode to permit radio licensing authorities to monitor the transmissions encryption for example is not generally permitted in the amateur radio service except for the special purpose of satellite vehicle control uplinks 71 the following is a partial list of the modes of communication used where the mode includes both modulation types and operating protocols voice edit amplitude modulation am amplitude modulation equivalent ame double sideband suppressed carrier dsb sc frequency modulation fm independent sideband isb single sideband ssb phase modulation pm image edit amateur television atv also known as fast scan television 72 radiofax slow scan television sstv 73 text and data edit in former times most amateur digital modes were transmitted by inserting audio into the microphone input of a radio and using an analog scheme such as amplitude modulation am frequency modulation fm or single sideband modulation ssb beginning in 2017 increased use of several digital modes particularly ft8 became popular within the amateur radio community 74 text modes continuous wave cw usually used for morse code automatic link establishment ale amateur teleprinting over radio amtor 75 pactor 76 77 radioteletype rtty hellschreiber a k a feld hell or hell digital modes clover 78 d star 79 digital mobile radio dmr 80 fusion yaesu proprietary mode 81 g tor 82 discrete multi tone modulation modes such as multi tone 63 mt63 83 multiple frequency shift keying mfsk 84 modes js8call olivia mfsk 85 86 wsjt 87 software modes fsk441 jt6m jt65 jt9 ft8 ft4 wspr nxdn open public safety standard used in amateur radio packet radio 88 ax 25 automatic packet reporting system aprs 89 phase shift keying 31 baud bpsk binary phase shift keying psk31 90 31 baud qpsk quadrature phase shift keying qpsk31 63 baud bpsk binary phase shift keying psk63 63 baud qpsk quadrature phase shift keying qpsk63 modes by activity edit the following modes use no one specific modulation scheme but rather are classified by the activity of the communication allstarlink allstar asl 91 earth moon earth eme echolink 92 internet radio linking project irlp 93 low transmit power qrp 94 satellite oscar orbiting satellite carrying amateur radio 95 footnotes edit hong kong ofta description of radio amateur privileges radio amateurs are free to choose any radio equipment designed for the amateur service radio amateurs may also design and build their own equipment provided that the requirements and limitations specified in the amateur station licence and schedules thereto are complied with 63 fcc expectations of radio amateurs they design construct modify and repair their own stations the fcc equipment authorization program does not generally apply to amateur station transmitters 64 see also edit amateur radio portal electronics portal telecommunications portal radio portal 4 meter band 70 mhz 70 5 mhz 2 meter band 144 mhz 148 mhz 70 centimeter band 430 mhz 450 mhz amateur radio operating award hamfest international amateur radio union isotron list of amateur radio magazines list of amateur radio organizations list of amateur radio software maritime mobile amateur radio nec 2 antenna modeling parks on the air piracy in amateur and two way radio prosigns for morse code summits on the air worked all continents worked all zones references edit notes edit the federal communications commission fcc officially ended the morse code proficiency test for all amateur radio license classes on february 23 2007 the transition occurred in several stages over the preceding decades 1991 the fcc first introduced a no code technician class license though code proficiency was still required to access frequencies below 30 mhz 2000 the requirement for higher level licenses general and amateur extra was standardized and reduced to a single speed of 5 words per minute wpm 2003 the international telecommunication union itu modified international regulations leaving it to individual countries to decide if morse code should remain a requirement december 15 2006 the fcc released the official report and order announcing the total elimination of the morse code exam february 23 2007 the new rules became effective allowing applicants to earn any class of license by passing only the written theory examinations citations edit 1 2 3 4 silver h ward 2021 ham radio for dummies 4th ed hoboken nj wiley isbn 978 1 119 69576 9 oclc 1245417767 general regulations annexed to the international radiotelegraph convention pdf international radiotelegraph convention of washington 1927 london uk his majesty s stationery office 1928 pp 29 172 archived from the original pdf on 28 july 2017 retrieved 4 june 2017 sumner david august 2011 how many hams qst american radio relay league p 9 gernsback h may 1909 first annual official wireless blue book of the wireless association of america pdf new york modern electrics publication archived pdf from the original on 6 july 2010 retrieved 19 june 2009 brown patrick r j 5 7 june 1996 the 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signals off the moon amateur radi...
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