Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
and, human, body, cannibalism, of, the, contents, etymology, reasons, types, parts, culinary, practices, medical, aspects, myths, legends, folklore, in, literature, popular, culture, tropes, discourses, scepticism, ethics, history, see, also, references, bibliography, further, reading, external, links, institutionalized, survival, pathological, exo, endo, autocannibalism, additional, motives, gastronomic, functionalist, explanations, nutritional, value, hearts, livers, breasts, palms, soles, modes, preparation, whole, roasting, baking, prejudices, taboo, gender, modern, views, cultivated, meat, americas, africa, europe, asia, oceania,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (888), and (453), #cannibalism (295), that (203), human (155), from (137), for (122), was (95), were (94), flesh (89), with (65), other (65), are (64), people (59), new (58), such (57), also (56), eating (53), this (52), some (52), have (51), been (51), their (48), #cannibal (48), during (47), 2022 (44), who (44), retrieved (43), they (43), cases (43), meat (42), body (40), not (38), siefkes (38), parts (38), but (36), original (36), archived (36), consumption (36), had (36), history (35), eaten (35), while (34), them (34), has (32), century (32), humans (31), considered (30), children (30), among (29), many (29), which (29), often (29), his (28), cannibals (28), isbn (28), press (28), practice (28), used (28), modern (27), there (27), doi (27), university (26), practised (26), others (25), food (25), evidence (25), women (25), than (25), when (24), all (22), man (22), after (22), being (22), one (22), men (22), its (22), enemies (22), europe (21), 2023 (21), reports (21), war (21), could (21), well (21), whole (21), may (20), killing (20), 978 (20), 2008 (20), congo (20), killed (20), various (20), especially (20), august (19), eat (19), world (19), early (19), found (19), bodies (19), july (18), murder (18), africa (18), famine (18), only (18), would (18), even (18), according (18), times (17), because (17), out (17), york (17), china (17), guinea (17), both (17), more (17), most (17), sometimes (17), about (16), culture (16), lindenbaum (16), into (16), april (16), science (16), like (16), roasted (16), ate (16), practices (16), acts (16), against (15), 2004 (15), notes (15), anthropologist (15), 2009 (15), pmid (15), chong (15), cultural (15), over (15), young (15), him (15), any (15), where (15), same (15), animal (14), animals (14), 2015 (14), dead (14), 2018 (14), later (14), islands (14), part (14), institutionalized (14), 2025 (13), popular (13), medical (13), record (13), good (13), these (13), victims (13), known (13), reported (13), non (12), june (12), taboo (12), arens (12), 2017 (12), nyamnjoh (12), zealand (12), 2013 (12), 1990 (12), still (12), central (12), including (12), several (12), since (12), roasting (12), livers (12), sources (11), americas (11), myth (11), case (11), william (11), march (11), issn (11), survival (11), society (11), european (11), breasts (11), peoples (11), very (11), particularly (11), those (11), wrong (11), captured (11), reasons (11), widely (11), cultivated (11), hearts (11), anthropology (10), whether (10), corpses (10), 1975 (10), american (10), 1958 (10), london (10), cultures (10), november (10), october (10), 2024 (10), 1999 (10), time (10), african (10), fiji (10), called (10), cooked (10), became (10), can (10), own (10), starvation (10), customs (10), basin (10), should (10), wikipedia (9), oxford (9), homicide (9), cannibalistic (9), child (9), better (9), argues (9), s2cid (9), hogg (9), september (9), 2012 (9), cambridge (9), 2010 (9), ethics (9), routley (9), form (9), accounts (9), generally (9), missionary (9), liver (9), another (9), said (9), earth (9), act (9), species (9), exocannibalism (9), occurred (9), accepted (9), authors (9), boiled (9), palms (9), nutritional (9), british (8), english (8), chinese (8), just (8), why (8), violent (8), jstor (8), oldest (8), tannahill (8), christian (8), shankman (8), aztec (8), sacrifice (8), harris (8), 2002 (8), 2006 (8), cole (8), pmc (8), richard (8), funerary (8), national (8), māori (8), 1982 (8), book (8), see (8), example (8), japanese (8), best (8), person (8), endocannibalism (8), documented (8), 21st (8), groups (8), soldiers (8), motivated (8), culinary (8), individuals (8), consumed (8), without (8), little (8), least (8), long (8), possible (8), death (8), forms (8), value (8), toggle (7), view (7), under (7), org (7), sexual (7), ancient (7), review (7), bibcode (7), further (7), zheng (7), paul (7), 1969 (7), 2014 (7), robert (7), heart (7), medicine (7), february (7), bones (7), vol (7), john (7), pdf (7), told (7), made (7), west (7), mass (7), delicious (7), dish (7), life (7), between (7), half (7), certain (7), throughout (7), western (7), consuming (7), melanesia (7), idea (7), persons (7), widespread (7), edit (7), centuries (7), means (7), though (7), off (7), due (7), tissue (7), instead (7), someone (7), suggests (7), way (7), similar (7), then (7), mongol (7), soles (7), articles (6), feeder (6), predation (6), autocannibalism (6), adult (6), literature (6), oceania (6), asia (6), taste (6), encyclopedia (6), might (6), 2016 (6), seem (6), columbus (6), natural (6), 137 (6), edible (6), historical (6), lévi (6), strauss (6), 1126 (6), 1991 (6), remains (6), members (6), hunger (6), corpse (6), neanderthals (6), claims (6), journal (6), earliest (6), australian (6), types (6), america (6), 2011 (6), princeton (6), australia (6), 2003 (6), island (6), south (6), years (6), first (6), two (6), albert (6), societies (6), liberia (6), account (6), within (6), moral (6), common (6), law (6), ritual (6), usually (6), community (6), around (6), archaeological (6), associated (6), hatred (6), 19th (6), 20th (6), served (6), saw (6), rejected (6), deceased (6), numerous (6), seems (6), justify (6), therefore (6), sale (6), include (6), fish (6), acceptable (6), morally (6), reason (6), accept (6), circumstances (6), process (6), relatives (6), however (6), europeans (6), anthropologists (6), thus (6), large (6), baked (6), cut (6), available (5), page (5), last (5), links (5), failed (5), predator (5), related (5), list (5), exo (5), shirley (5), 2021 (5), open (5), how (5), kuru (5), brain (5), occasionally (5), rare (5), books (5), 1979 (5), sahlins (5), 107 (5), travis (5), henikoff (5), north (5), reality (5), edgerton (5), episodes (5), 122 (5), met (5), tools (5), archaeologists (5), show (5), claude (5), essays (5), 2001 (5), jean (5), old (5), try (5), thomas (5), justification (5), views (5), eds (5), spanish (5), 130 (5), disease (5), beings (5), gene (5), protein (5), tribes (5), far (5), three (5), observes (5), vanuatu (5), archipelago (5), 105 (5), described (5), areas (5), will (5), afterwards (5), german (5), behaviour (5), egypt (5), pleistocene (5), diet (5), homo (5), once (5), solomon (5), region (5), few (5), section (5), excerpt (5), subsequent (5), 14th (5), mentioned (5), context (5), rather (5), records (5), treatment (5), curiosity (5), second (5), concerns (5), considering (5), sold (5), general (5), recorded (5), commonly (5), practiced (5), possibly (5), warfare (5), term (5), rarely (5), hand (5), whose (5), rational (5), relativism (5), must (5), strong (5), cooking (5), living (5), making (5), legends (5), folklore (5), boiling (5), hands (5), together (5), fire (5), subsection (5), contents (4), search (4), using (4), use (4), commons (4), pages (4), french (4), description (4), different (4), feeding (4), placentophagy (4), traditional (4), prion (4), diseases (4), article (4), understanding (4), crime (4), library (4), situations (4), 2005 (4), indeed (4), angry (4), mob (4), did (4), armin (4), meiwes (4), based (4), thing (4), christopher (4), infanticide (4), complex (4), slaves (4), routledge (4), rubinstein (4), montellano (4), 200 (4), necessity (4), thought (4), maori (4), moon (4), marvin (4), james (4), anthropophagy (4), 151 (4), system (4), 125 (4), news (4), gómez (4), van (4), johannes (4), neandertal (4), northern (4), 5326 (4), sciencemag (4), 277 (4), 635 (4), 5437 (4), 18b (4), 286 (4), january (4), geographic (4), december (4), find (4), aboriginal (4), state (4), donner (4), party (4), 139 (4), violence (4), philosophy (4), admissible (4), shand (4), 271 (4), natives (4), colonial (4), 171 (4), 109 (4), histories (4), 144 (4), prehistoric (4), crocombe (4), works (4), 215 (4), voyage (4), 115 (4), 157 (4), great (4), nigeria (4), talbot (4), amaury (4), southern (4), face (4), now (4), borneo (4), 1976 (4), late (4), home (4), tender (4), woman (4), girl (4), female (4), tasted (4), 17th (4), give (4), much (4), always (4), never (4), praised (4), superior (4), writer (4), committed (4), group (4), story (4), incidents (4), issei (4), sagawa (4), outside (4), cannibalization (4), sea (4), self (4), mostly (4), mortuary (4), rites (4), period (4), indicate (4), wars (4), pleasure (4), seen (4), voluntary (4), ill (4), family (4), today (4), took (4), place (4), purposes (4), roman (4), philosopher (4), repeatedly (4), latter (4), spread (4), appear (4), severe (4), republic (4), civil (4), meats (4), outsiders (4), exploitation (4), need (4), nevertheless (4), regions (4), universal (4), examples (4), suggested (4), rejects (4), claimed (4), actual (4), includes (4), engaged (4), caribs (4), become (4), individual (4), writes (4), donor (4), black (4), note (4), argue (4), hence (4), distinction (4), cannot (4), justified (4), considers (4), merely (4), organs (4), concludes (4), too (4), fighters (4), explain (4), followed (4), eaters (4), describes (4), explained (4), particular (4), what (4), medicinal (4), horror (4), main (4), mythology (4), number (4), local (4), having (4), alive (4), offered (4), modes (4), contrast (4), cure (4), explanations (4), gastronomic (4), pathological (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), table (3), contact (3), additional (3), terms (3), you (3), agree (3), wikimedia (3), category (3), link (3), wikidata (3), missing (3), cs1 (3), archival (3), service (3), verification (3), multiple (3), images (3), short (3), carnivorous (3), derived (3), film (3), filial (3), endo (3), type (3), matter (3), 2007 (3), ethical (3), partially (3), dutch (3), led (3), does (3), turn (3), listed (3), mental (3), dsm (3), largely (3), perfectly (3), marshall (3), francis (3), tales (3), day (3), blood (3), ortiz (3), bernard (3), constantine (3), stories (3), 2045 (3), 2322 (3), 1038 (3), scientific (3), key (3), ray (3), boulestin (3), coupey (3), smithsonian (3), magazine (3), davis (3), museum (3), 1997 (3), bry (3), 476 (3), 475 (3), 2020 (3), com (3), anasazi (3), lab (3), bbc (3), fijians (3), isles (3), read (3), prehistory (3), tom (3), year (3), bone (3), born (3), marco (3), owen (3), wisnewski (3), defence (3), savages (3), imperialism (3), japan (3), expedition (3), 1086 (3), williams (3), orokaiva (3), 221 (3), ekholm (3), friedman (3), martinez (3), control (3), 1984 (3), 178 (3), walter (3), evil (3), manner (3), genetic (3), study (3), 142 (3), unga (3), 214 (3), 164 (3), otherwise (3), medieval (3), 153 (3), raw (3), michael (3), end (3), pacific (3), speiser (3), post (3), killings (3), revolution (3), 1966 (3), 172 (3), philippines (3), four (3), 106 (3), 102 (3), tables (3), britain (3), 480 (3), small (3), fully (3), ways (3), 213 (3), clearly (3), pork (3), praise (3), missionaries (3), 1889 (3), 1868 (3), travels (3), east (3), days (3), 114 (3), 179 (3), whenever (3), fang (3), admitted (3), preferred (3), former (3), get (3), 126 (3), diamond (3), torday (3), sons (3), 190 (3), 192 (3), knauft (3), kingdom (3), order (3), age (3), near (3), 121 (3), charles (3), definition (3), primitive (3), lower (3), treat (3), prevent (3), papua (3), ranging (3), neighbouring (3), sumatra (3), continued (3), vengeance (3), humiliate (3), instances (3), involving (3), delicacy (3), famines (3), continent (3), serial (3), purpose (3), victim (3), driven (3), greek (3), beyond (3), provide (3), extent (3), anatomically (3), until (3), firm (3), forced (3), mention (3), occasional (3), custom (3), down (3), enslaved (3), kidnapped (3), before (3), reject (3), criticized (3), report (3), resort (3), suffering (3), survivors (3), jeffrey (3), dahmer (3), force (3), aztecs (3), every (3), conquest (3), criminal (3), name (3), explorers (3), scene (3), depicting (3), pre (3), published (3), forbidden (3), allowed (3), older (3), standpoint (3), humanity (3), specific (3), taking (3), utilitarian (3), negative (3), sees (3), risk (3), involve (3), consent (3), received (3), creature (3), chicken (3), relevant (3), impossible (3), fact (3), serious (3), difficult (3), likewise (3), special (3), alternative (3), carefully (3), donate (3), deadly (3), felt (3), enemy (3), kantian (3), basis (3), treated (3), respect (3), meaning (3), establish (3), arguments (3), comes (3), happiness (3), enjoy (3), seriously (3), caribbean (3), exaggerated (3), quite (3), chanca (3), accusations (3), boys (3), argued (3), commented (3), she (3), expressed (3), placed (3), ever (3), extreme (3), behavior (3), analysis (3), classic (3), ethnologist (3), data (3), delicacies (3), gender (3), condemned (3), recent (3), talk (3), regarded (3), tropes (3), discourses (3), films (3), series (3), modest (3), proposal (3), parents (3), country (3), features (3), close (3), prepared (3), myths (3), scholars (3), legs (3), oven (3), spit (3), back (3), appearance (3), ovens (3), baking (3), size (3), steam (3), trussed (3), live (3), drawing (3), preparation (3), feet (3), bismarck (3), breast (3), frequently (3), supposed (3), her (3), supposedly (3), functionalist (3), describe (3), refers (3), motives (3), aggression (3), occurs (3), dudley (3), killer (3), topic (2), languages (2), legal (2), privacy (2), policy (2), site (2), profit (2), 2026 (2), hidden (2), categories (2), maint (2), deprecated (2), wayback (2), auto (2), language (2), dates (2), written (2), spelling (2), behaviors (2), adaptation (2), egg (2), methods (2), oophagy (2), behaviours (2), vorarephilia (2), fiction (2), poultry (2), autovampirism (2), studies (2), lead (2), translated (2), columns (2), discusses (2), practical (2), answers (2), brother (2), lynched (2), johan (2), witt (2), presumably (2), disorders (2), fantasies (2), pathology (2), 1988 (2), nothing (2), really (2), straight (2), dope (2), media (2), external (2), consequences (2), 1146 (2), annurev (2), annual (2), reading (2), santa (2), monica (2), complete (2), mankind (2), trade (2), theory (2), genocide (2), 1978 (2), 4342 (2), 611 (2), 2307 (2), penguin (2), horrid (2), mathew (2), 5840 (2), 433 (2), quarterly (2), wrongness (2), vintage (2), kings (2), origins (2), jersey (2), herxheim (2), bibliography (2), raffaele (2), sleeping (2), 1170 (2), 0777 (2), herald (2), cult (2), arrested (2), png (2), 1986 (2), 521 (2), 31114 (2), divine (2), sanday (2), peggy (2), reeves (2), sugg (2), passim (2), mummies (2), vampires (2), renaissance (2), victorians (2), fate (2), devoured (2), josh (2), rougier (2), hélène (2), crevecoeur (2), isabelle (2), beauval (2), cédric (2), posth (2), cosimo (2), flas (2), damien (2), wißing (2), christoph (2), furtwängler (2), anja (2), germonpré (2), mietje (2), olivencia (2), asier (2), semal (2), patrick (2), der (2), plicht (2), bocherens (2), hervé (2), krause (2), 29005 (2), 27381450 (2), 4933918 (2), srep29005 (2), 2016natsr (2), 629005r (2), gibbons (2), rediscover (2), 637 (2), 38802004 (2), 9254427 (2), culotta (2), 5696570 (2), 10532879 (2), pigafetta (2), filippo (2), 111 (2), 491 (2), columbia (2), raids (2), indians (2), 2000 (2), 1998 (2), king (2), cite (2), 204 (2), hans (2), staden (2), million (2), ancestors (2), scientist (2), matthew (2), grown (2), locarno (2), 1007 (2), s41055 (2), craving (2), schaefer (2), savulescu (2), julian (2), 188 (2), 199 (2), 1111 (2), 197 (2), montefiore (2), goris (2), canberra (2), biography (2), dictionary (2), 526 (2), abhorrence (2), jeremy (2), public (2), eskildsen (2), 1874 (2), taiwan (2), 296 (2), delgado (2), 1993 (2), angel (2), lewis (2), 123 (2), 124 (2), experience (2), 294 (2), kajsa (2), 220 (2), katherine (2), gendered (2), patriarchal (2), avramescu (2), cǎtǎlin (2), 145 (2), simpson (2), hypocritical (2), 1985 (2), satire (2), twain (2), 482140 (2), mead (2), whitfield (2), 1510 (2), 1098 (2), rstb (2), 363 (2), philos (2), trans (2), soc (2), lond (2), biol (2), sci (2), escaped (2), convicts (2), initially (2), confessed (2), 239 (2), 231 (2), worldwide (2), normal (2), finds (2), pattern (2), 300 (2), consistent (2), 116 (2), polynesia (2), 185 (2), 1968 (2), 1983 (2), fison (2), lorimer (2), 237 (2), 1992 (2), brazil (2), léry (2), observers (2), alfred (2), 270 (2), 101 (2), 156 (2), 155 (2), 194 (2), brown (2), point (2), repast (2), krieger (2), 187 (2), 217 (2), 195 (2), gero (2), meek (2), percy (2), 1893 (2), jovinianus (2), nicene (2), wood (2), abu (2), sakkar (2), parry (2), lloyd (2), brill (2), nineteenth (2), going (2), 143 (2), illustrated (2), actions (2), france (2), religion (2), sixteenth (2), 133 (2), montaigne (2), michel (2), george (2), 169 (2), seabrook (2), slave (2), berkel (2), adriaan (2), nice (2), calls (2), remarkable (2), preferring (2), walker (2), traveler (2), noted (2), highest (2), say (2), assured (2), felix (2), speaking (2), feel (2), tasty (2), fellow (2), 183 (2), chief (2), favoured (2), 193 (2), lumholtz (2), murray (2), indian (2), 141 (2), pettersson (2), 128 (2), next (2), 138 (2), tastiest (2), saying (2), tastier (2), talked (2), says (2), kingsley (2), monkey (2), come (2), younger (2), observed (2), tenderness (2), 158 (2), finest (2), 189 (2), 236 (2), 243 (2), 244 (2), 149 (2), guns (2), germs (2), steel (2), jared (2), camp (2), experiences (2), round (2), emil (2), 216 (2), scribner (2), 176 (2), aborigines (2), 4008 (2), 1885 (2), offspring (2), 196 (2), druids (2), bronze (2), 180 (2), 167 (2), eastern (2), 202 (2), 120 (2), goldman (2), laurence (2), chicago (2), 226 (2), mignonette (2), cormac (2), 477 (2), 118 (2), bruce (2), 104 (2), 184 (2), 147 (2), cairo (2), present (2), 653807 (2), current (2), references (2), devouring (2), nervous (2), placenta (2), student (2), antecessor (2), rite (2), oneself (2), nicknamed (2), marquesas (2), primarily (2), minority (2), avoid (2), feast (2), periods (2), purchased (2), criminals (2), typical (2), campaigns (2), occur (2), recently (2), indonesian (2), beliefs (2), document (2), employed (2), officials (2), offering (2), era (2), feasts (2), suggest (2), twenty (2), indonesia (2), depiction (2), edition (2), killers (2), reporter (2), internet (2), siege (2), 1933 (2), russian (2), 1921 (2), 1922 (2), debate (2), reaching (2), height (2), burial (2), shipwrecked (2), sailors (2), lots (2), prevalent (2), uncovered (2), clear (2), interpretation (2), ago (2), exists (2), dictator (2), practise (2), shows (2), extending (2), started (2), prisoners (2), 1970s (2), indulged (2), ethnic (2), hunted (2), sacrificed (2), intended (2), authorities (2), 1950s (2), conflicts (2), free (2), express (2), ceased (2), describing (2), epoch (2), subjugation (2), critically (2), examined (2), implicitly (2), explicitly (2), takes (2), colonialist (2), archaic (2), engraving (2), theodor (2), fated (2), 1846 (2), 1847 (2), crash (2), 1972 (2), additionally (2), engaging (2), uruguayan (2), air (2), flight (2), 571 (2), author (2), proteins (2), harvest (2), socially (2), anywhere (2), irreconcilable (2), proven (2), doubt (2), undertaken (2), 12th (2), kalinago (2), empire (2), hundreds (2), thousands (2), australians (2), sapiens (2), green (2), survey (2), respondents (2), higher (2), questioned (2), treating (2), superiority (2), essentially (2), consented (2), harmful (2), market (2), consequentialist (2), neither (2), disrespectful (2), towards (2), problem (2), happens (2), normally (2), limits (2), ethically (2), game (2), either (2), tell (2), punishment (2), consider (2), poses (2), question (2), sufficiently (2), creatures (2), paper (2), viewpoint (2), leaves (2), options (2), allow (2), deliberately (2), respectful (2), advance (2), regarding (2), wasteful (2), through (2), cremation (2), perspective (2), already (2), evaluation (2), evaluates (2), murdering (2), agrees (2), genuine (2), mere (2), foods (2), longer (2), prohibition (2), able (2), decision (2), sentimental (2), passive (2), somebody (2), caused (2), regardless (2), died (2), unrelated (2), meal (2), beneficial (2), historian (2), hostile (2), reception (2), factual (2), military (2), earlier (2), enslaving (2), indigenous (2), wrote (2), positive (2), prejudice (2), ferocious (2), fit (2), accompanied (2), islanders (2), nor (2), hearsay (2), travellers (2), simple (2), contrary (2), appreciation (2), reactions (2), cruelty (2), detailed (2), superficial (2), scepticism (2), feminized (2), sought (2), resurrected (2), bodily (2), effectively (2), fairly (2), deeply (2), warns (2), statements (2), credible (2), myriad (2), resulted (2), condemning (2), almost (2), 173 (2), indicates (2), narrow (2), openly (2), diverse (2), prejudices (2), novel (2), consume (2), knowing (2), depicted (2), famous (2), satirical (2), poor (2), wine (2), jonathan (2), swift (2), across (2), prominent (2), seeks (2), appearing (2), monster (2), physically (2), giant (2), here (2), member (2), saturn (2), thyestes (2), witch (2), hansel (2), gretel (2), hypothesis (2), bias (2), came (2), although (2), fore (2), aspects (2), pots (2), intestines (2), teenagers (2), chiefs (2), bent (2), dog (2), caledonia (2), 1895 (2), arranged (2), dug (2), set (2), kindled (2), stones (2), lifted (2), upon (2), steamed (2), lack (2), eyes (2), burning (2), knew (2), dressed (2), raiders (2), skewered (2), lived (2), pieces (2), attack (2), tupinambá (2), 1271 (2), 1368 (2), added (2), pot (2), 117 (2), chronica (2), majora (2), invasion (2), yuan (2), dynasty (2), street (2), latif (2), ordinary (2), 140 (2), 13th (2), sheep (2), abd (2), variety (2), method (2), typically (2), daily (2), principal (2), nearly (2), 132 (2), 131 (2), equally (2), preferences (2), fat (2), favourite (2), ibn (2), rule (2), massacre (2), syrian (2), soldier (2), your (2), events (2), county (2), americans (2), belief (2), emperor (2), wuzong (2), tang (2), attempted (2), kilocalories (2), male (2), alone (2), weight (2), boy (2), understood (2), victory (2), populations (2), ceremony (2), learned (2), origin (2), hunting (2), inland (2), sacrificial (2), ingestion (2), affection (2), torture (2), internal (2), yali (2), major (2), psychopathology (2), disorder (2), stephens (2), conditions (2), word (2), etymology (2), foeticide (2), suicide (2), varies (2), jurisdiction (2), manslaughter (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), source (2), log (2), create (2), menu (2), add, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, safety, contacts, disclaimers, text, apply, registered, trademark, organization, foundation, inc, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, edited, utc, isbns, excerpts, webarchive, template, image, scaled, mdy, semi, protected, vandalism, necroviolence, crimes, https, index, php, title, human_cannibalism, oldid, 1369639929, protist, fungus, plant, antipredator, trophallaxis, surplus, necrophage, scavenger, kleptoparasitism, parasitism, mesocarnivore, hypocarnivore, hypercarnivore, forage, grazing, fodder, cattle, browsing, filter, frenzy, bottom, bait, balls, suction, ram, pivot, lunge, aquatic, pursuit, intraguild, apex, ambush, pica, plastivore, lithotroph, xenophagy, saprophagy, planktivore, omnivore, geophagia, detritivore, coprophagia, fungivore, bacterivore, microbivory, myzocytosis, phagocytosis, cellular, osteophagy, xylophagy, palynivore, mellivory, nectarivore, seed, graminivore, frugivore, florivore, folivore, herbivores, weaning, breastfeeding, paedophagy, reproductive, vermivore, spongivore, piscivore, ophiophagy, myrmecophagy, mucophagy, molluscivore, lepidophagy, insectivore, hematophagy, entomophagy, durophagy, corallivore, avivore, arachnophagy, carnivores, medicines, concepts, spider, vampirism, kleptopharmacophagy, terry, madenholm, haaretz, brief, alisa, woods, resistant, rachael, bell, víctor, montoya, elizabeth, gamble, miller, look, representations, art, tend, horrified, yea, nay, kill, prime, minister, turns, antron, singleton, phencyclidine, pcp, diagnostic, statistical, manual, routine, wikiquote, quotations, sturtevant, schutt, bill, chapel, hill, algonquin, exchange, dickeman, mildred, demographic, 2096827, 110175, 000543, 1975anres, 107d, ecology, systematics, taylor, 429, 97277, scarlet, memorial, carole, dinner, stein, 8128, 1756, reay, berghahn, 80073, 613, foreigners, rôti, bouilli, 671228, 0002, 7294, 1525, 02a00060, 582, 50601, 617, 35652641, 17812682, 1978sci, 611o, ecological, introduction
Text of the page (random words):
sumption happens in either case without requiring consent while cremation is another alternative he rejects it as wasteful compared to carefully compost ing a body through consumption 213 routley furthermore writes that in cases where killing someone is justified in warfare self defence or possibly as punishment the subsequent cannibalization of the dead body is admissible since it was not the reason for the killing 214 for him the fact that most people consider it unacceptable to raise other humans for food while accepting that animals are bred and raised for this purpose poses a serious and difficult question he argues that there are no sufficiently significant and relevant differences between humans and other creatures to justify such a difference in treatment 215 for him any nonchauvinistic solution to when raising or killing an individual for food is considered acceptable must not take the individual s species into account he considers it unjustifiable to treat humans differently from other animals merely because they are human 216 according to some versions of moral relativism it is impossible to summarily reject or accept cannibalism because any practice can only be judged within the context of the culture where it takes place hence if the members of a culture accept and practise the consumption of human flesh in certain circumstances or even the killing of certain persons to eat them outsiders from other cultures cannot tell them that they are wrong 217 cultivated human meat modern technology has made it possible to cultivate meat in the laboratory instead of butchering a creature to provide it this had triggered discussions about whether eating such meat from species that are normally considered off limits including humans is ethically acceptable since no suffering and death is involved philosophers thomas montefiore and john goris argue that though the usual distinction between fair game meats e g chicken and fish and off limits meats e g from humans or from threatened species such as rhinos and tigers remains intuitively relevant when eating cultivated meat there is no rational justification for upholding it logically one either has to reject the consumption of any cultivated meat or to accept that it might come from arbitrary species including humans 218 g owen schaefer and julian savulescu discuss the possible spectre of cannibalism as a potential objection against cultivated meat in general they note that most cases of cannibalism are morally objectionable because they involve the desecration of a corpse and often also the deliberate killing of a human being with neither factor applying to cultivated human meat eating such meat could be considered disrespectful towards the donor whose genetic or tissue samples are used but they argue that this is only a problem if it happens without the donor s consent hence they see no ethical reason for banning the cultivation of human meat for eating purposes as long as proper consent was received considering that most people feel revulsion at the prospect of cannibalism they doubt that such consumption could become widespread while granting that it might find a niche audience 219 marco locarno on the other hand argues that the consumption of cultivated human meat should be forbidden he writes that from a deontological standpoint treating human tissue as food would be degrading for both the donor and humanity as a whole since eating implies superiority over the object eaten and eating this tissue would deny its specific humanness treating it as not essentially different from other food he admits that when taking a consequentialist utilitarian standpoint instead eating cultivated human meat seems acceptable as long as the donor had consented to this but continues that even from this standpoint it should be forbidden because of possible negative consequences among these he sees the risk that if people discover they like the taste some might develop a curiosity or even a craving for natural human meat possibly causing some to engage in harmful acts such as stealing corpses or even killing others to eat them another risk he sees is the possible emergence of a black market in cultivated human meat from nonconsenting donors 220 in a 2024 british survey 88 of the respondents said that the commercial production of cultivated human meat should be forbidden a higher ratio than for any animal species included in the survey on the other hand when questioned whether they would try such meat it were legally allowed and commercially available 20 of the respondents said they would for reasons such as curiosity this constituted a considerable fraction of the 26 willing to try cultivated animal meat men and young people below 25 were more inclined to try human meat than women and older persons 221 history see also list of incidents of cannibalism a german map published in 1893 depicting the distribution of human cannibalism as seen by the publishers pink areas thought to still be fully cannibalistic at that time light green areas considered formerly or rarely cannibalistic there is archaeological evidence that cannibalism has been practised for at least hundreds of thousands of years by early homo sapiens and archaic hominins 222 including homo erectus 223 among modern humans cannibalism has been practised by various groups 164 an incomplete list of cases where it is documented to have occurred in institutionalized form includes prehistoric 224 225 and early modern europe 179 south america 226 mesoamerica 227 iroquoian peoples in north america 228 parts of western and central africa 24 china 229 230 and sumatra 24 among pre contact aboriginal australians 231 among māori in new zealand 232 on some other polynesian islands 24 as well as in new guinea 21 the solomon islands 233 and fiji 234 evidence of cannibalism has also been found in ruins associated with the ancestral puebloans at cowboy wash in the southwestern united states 235 236 237 after world war i institutionalized cannibalism has become very rare but cases were still reported during times of famine occasional cannibal acts committed by individual criminals also are documented throughout the 20th and 21st centuries the americas this section is an excerpt from cannibalism in the americas edit a scene depicting ritualistic aztec cannibalism being practiced in the codex magliabechiano folio 73r the history and scope of cannibalism in the americas is complex involving ritual or cultural practices connected with human sacrifice and warfare as well as instances motivated by famine and criminal cases the modern term cannibal is derived from the name of the island caribs kalinago who were encountered by christopher columbus in the bahamas while numerous cultures in the americas were reported by european explorers and colonizers to have engaged in cannibalism some of these claims may be unreliable since the spanish empire used them to justify conquest 238 at least some cultures have been archeologically proven beyond any doubt to have undertaken institutionalized cannibalism this includes human bones uncovered in a cave hamlet confirming accounts of the xiximes undertaking ritualized raids as part of their agricultural cycle after every harvest also proven are the aztec ritual ceremonies during the spanish conquest at tecoaque the anasazi in the 12th century have also been demonstrated to have undertaken cannibalism possibly due to drought as shown by proteins from human flesh found in recovered feces there is near universal agreement that some mesoamericans practiced human sacrifice and cannibalism but there is no scholarly consensus as to its extent anthropologist marvin harris author of cannibals and kings has suggested that the flesh of the victims was a part of an aristocratic diet as a reward since the aztec diet was lacking in proteins according to harris the aztec economy would not support feeding enslaved people the captured in war and the columns of prisoners were marching meat 239 conversely bernard r ortiz de montellano has proposed that aztec cannibalism coincided with harvest times and should be considered more of a thanksgiving montellano rejects the theories of harner and harris saying that with evidence of so many tributes and intensive chinampa agriculture the aztecs did not need any other food sources 240 william arens 1979 book the man eating myth claimed that there is no firm substantiable evidence for the socially accepted practice of cannibalism anywhere in the world at any time in history but his views have been largely rejected as irreconcilable with the actual evidence 241 242 in later times cannibalism has occasionally been practiced as a last resort by people suffering from famine well known examples include the ill fated donner party 1846 1847 and the crash of uruguayan air force flight 571 1972 after which the survivors ate the bodies of the dead additionally there are cases of people engaging in cannibalism for sexual pleasure such as albert fish and jeffrey dahmer africa this section is an excerpt from cannibalism in africa edit sale of human flesh in the late 16th century engraving by theodor de bry illustrating filippo pigafetta s report of the kingdom of congo which contains the oldest known account of cannibalism in central africa 243 acts of cannibalism in africa have been reported from various parts of the continent ranging from prehistory until the 21st century the oldest firm evidence of archaic humans consuming each other dates to 1 45 million years ago in kenya archaeological evidence for human cannibalism exists later among anatomically modern humans but its frequency remains unknown later in east africa the ugandan dictator idi amin was reputed to practise cannibalism and acts of voluntary and forced cannibalism have been reported from the south sudanese civil war while the oldest known written mention of cannibalism is from the tomb of the egyptian king unas later evidence from egypt shows it to only re appear during occasional episodes of severe famine reports describing cannibal practices were most often recorded by outsiders and were especially during the colonialist epoch commonly used to justify the subjugation and exploitation of non european peoples in africa and elsewhere therefore such sources need to be particularly critically examined before being accepted there is nevertheless good evidence of cannibal customs once existing in certain contexts in some african regions as well as in other parts of the world including europe the idea of a universal taboo against cannibalism implicitly or explicitly used by some authors to reject any such evidence has been criticized as ethnocentric by others since it takes a notion from the modern western world and declares it to be universal the oldest records of cannibalism in west africa are from muslim authors who visited the region in the 14th century later accounts often ascribe it to secret societies such as the leopard society cannibal practices were also reported among various nigerian peoples the victims were usually killed or captured enemies kidnapped strangers and purchased slaves cannibalism was practised to express hatred and to humiliate one s enemies as well as to avoid waste and because meat in general was rare human flesh was also considered tastier than that of animals while its consumption during peacetime seems to have ceased cannibal acts are on record for civil wars in liberia and sierra leone around the turn from the 20th to the 21st century in the late 19th century cannibalism seems to have been especially prevalent in parts of the congo basin while some groups rejected the custom others indulged in human flesh often considering it superior to other meats killed or captured enemies could be consumed and individuals from different ethnic groups were sometimes hunted down for the same purpose enslaved people were also sacrificed for the table especially young children who were otherwise in little demand but praised as particularly delicious in some areas human flesh and slaves intended for eating were sold at marketplaces while cannibalism became rarer under the colonial congo free state and its belgium run successor colonial authorities seem to have done little to suppress the practice human flesh still appeared on the tables up to the 1950s and was eaten and sold during the congo crisis in the 1960s occasional reports of cannibalism during violent conflicts continue into the 21st century cannibalism was also reported from north of the congo basin extending up to the central african republic civil war which started in 2012 jean bédel bokassa dictator of the central african republic seems to have eaten the flesh of opponents and prisoners in the 1970s in the 19th century cannibalism was also practised in the southern african zulu kingdom and adjacent areas during times of famine and social disruption particularly during a violent period that became known as mfecane europe this section is an excerpt from cannibalism in europe edit cannibalism in lithuania during the livonian war in 1571 german plate acts of cannibalism in europe seem to have been relatively prevalent in prehistory but also occurred repeatedly in later times often motivated by hunger hatred or medical concerns both anatomically modern humans and neanderthals practised cannibalism to some extent in the pleistocene 244 245 246 247 and neanderthals may have been eaten by modern humans as the latter spread into europe 248 amongst humans in prehistoric europe archaeologists have uncovered many clear and indisputable sites of cannibalism as well as numerous other finds of which cannibalism is a plausible interpretation in antiquity several greek and roman authors mentioned cannibal customs in remote parts of the continent such as beyond the dnieper river and in britain the stoic philosopher chrysippus noted that burial customs varied widely with funerary cannibalism being practised by many peoples though rejected by the greeks several cases of survival cannibalism during sieges are on record cannibalism to stave off starvation was also practised in later times such as during the great famine of 1315 1317 in the early modern and colonial era shipwrecked sailors ate the bodies of the deceased or drew lots to decide who would have to die to provide food for the others in cases of cannibalism at sea during the first crusade some crusaders ate the bodies of killed enemies with the reasons for these acts hunger or intimidation being a matter of debate various cases of undoubtedly revenge driven cannibalism took place in early modern italy in 1672 the dutch statesman johan de witt and his brother were lynched and partially eaten by an angry mob in early modern europe the consumption of body parts and blood for medical purposes became popular reaching its height during the 17th century this practice continued in some cases into the second half of the 19th century 249 ...
|
