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appears however that he was never consecrated during his years as bishop of limoges 9 if he had been consecrated as zacour points out he would have had to resign his other benefices which might have proved financially disadvantageous 10 then on 4 january 1328 his translation to the diocese of auxerre was approved it is said that he was consecrated bishop by pope john xxii himself 11 in 1330 bishop de talleyrand founded the chartreuse de vauclaire 12 this was allegedly at the command of the king of france in reparation for outrages committed against a franciscan convent on the outskirts of périgueux by talleyrand s eldest brother archambeau count of périgord at the time of their mother s funeral in october 1324 13 talleyrand held the diocese of auxerre until he became a cardinal in 1331 his successor was approved on 24 january 1332 14 cardinal edit cardinal talleyrand s arms in a consistory held for the promotion of cardinals on 25 may 1331 pope john xxii appointed one and only one cardinal hélie de talleyrand as a cardinal priest this was at the request of king philip vi of france on the recommendation of étienne de mornay maître des comptes and former chancellor 15 the appointment caused a good deal of friction between the king and the pope philip had asked for two cardinals which the pope was quite unwilling to grant though he did elevate talleyrand pope john sent off a tart letter to the king on 25 may the day after he had approved the promotion he pointed out that the college of cardinals was already well supplied with the talents required by the church moreover the papacy had not been deaf to the requests of the french kings of the twenty current cardinals thirteen were subjects of the king of france nonetheless with the consent of those cardinals or perhaps one should say pressure from he had agreed to promote bishop talleyrand 16 the pope s complaints seem to have fallen on deaf ears for the royal family were again begging for more cardinals in september this time on 26 september the pope wrote to queen joanna he reminded the queen of the rules observed in the roman curia appointments were never made in private only in open consistory with votes of the current cardinals heard appointments were made only for good reason when the number of cardinals had fallen too low or when there was an insufficiency in talent in theology or canon law neither of which was the case at the present moment in fact the number of cardinals was excessively high and there was talent aplenty she should also consider that there were now sixteen cardinals of french extraction and only six italians he therefore refused the royal request 17 the pressure continued however and on 20 december 1331 yet another french cardinal pierre bertrand was appointed 18 of the two names put forward talleyrand was the less undesirable choice he was smart he had studied the law and he was a relative by marriage of the pope this may also explain the pope s indulgence in allowing talleyrand to keep the diocese of auxerre until 22 july 1332 to finance his move to avignon he signed at least two papal bulls on 25 may and 22 june but not with the name of a titular church indicating that one had not yet been assigned 19 when one was assigned he became the cardinal priest of s pietro in vincoli 20 he made his official appearance in avignon in the third week of july 1331 at which time there was a banquet with the pope and cardinals in his honor 21 death of john xxii and conclave of 1334 edit palace of the popes avignon pope john xxii died on sunday 4 december 1334 the day before the pope had a bedside meeting with the cardinals in avignon his successor provides a list of the twenty cardinals including talleyrand de périgord who were present 22 four cardinals were not present napoleone orsini and giovanni gaetano orsini among them it was at this meeting that the pope recanted his notions about the beatific vision which had so unsettled christendom 23 the conclave opened on 13 december 1334 the early discussions were not about a particular candidate but about the need to extract a promise from all the candidates that the new pope would move the roman curia back to rome john xxii had made promises in that direction and his failure with one excuse after another seriously angered the senior italian cardinal napoleone orsini 24 cardinal napoleone therefore led a group of cardinals who were demanding a return to rome cardinal hélie de talleyrand led a group of french cardinals who were just as determined to keep the curia in avignon according to giovanni villani 25 the cardinals led by talleyrand thought that they had found a pope in cardinal jean raymond de comminges but when he was approached and asked to take the oath that was being demanded he refused finally on 20 december 1334 a sufficient number of votes was accumulated by the cistercian cardinal jacques fournier who became pope benedict xii 26 in 1336 king philip vi of france was in avignon and a crusade was agreed on four cardinals took the cross on that occasion annibaldo di ceccano hélie de talleyrand gauscelin de jean duèse and bertrand du pouget 27 none of them ever made the trip in the summer of 1340 the king authorized the two parties in a dispute between the count of foix and the monastery of lézat to choose their own arbitrators one of those chosen was cardinal de talleyrand 28 talleyrand had been assigned by pope benedict xii probably in 1341 as auditor to hear the case of lampredius bishop of trau who refused to cooperate with the proceedings talleyrand declared him contumacious and suspended him from office but then pope benedict died the new pope clement vi supported talleyrand however and renewed the suspension authorizing the subdeacon of trau desa andreae to assume the spiritual and temporal direction of the diocese 29 in 1346 cardinal de talleyrand negotiated the purchase of the castle of albarupe auberoche in périgord from the duke and duchess of brittany which had belonged to their nephew the count of limoges but which had been occupied by enemies of the king by stealth and betrayal the duke and duchess were eager to see the castle in responsible hands and so they sold it to the brother of the count of périgord 30 in 1347 cardinal de talleyrand founded the chapel of s antoine in the cathedral of saint front de périgueux it was to be served by twelve chaplains appointed by the cathedral chapter on the recommendation of the counts of périgord 31 the action was approved by pope clement vi in a bull of 26 june 1347 in his testament he left the chaplains 150 gold florins 32 on 4 november 1348 pope clement vi promoted cardinal de talleyrand to be cardinal bishop of albano 1348 1364 and in 1361 seniority made him dean of the college of cardinals 1361 1364 following the death of cardinal pierre de pratis des près 33 conclave of 1352 edit pope clement died in avignon on 6 december 1352 the conclave to elect his successor opened on sunday 16 december 1352 in the apostolic palace in avignon with twenty six cardinals in attendance including hélie de talleyrand and his enemy guy de boulogne at mid morning on 18 december they elected cardinal étienne aubert who took the name innocent vi he was crowned on 30 december 1352 34 benefices edit a list of talleyrand s benefices has been worked out through the scholarly efforts of norman zacour which includes a large number of canonries and prebends 35 in addition to what zacour has listed it may be stated that talleyrand was canon of gerona 36 from 1320 to 1323 hélie de talleyrand served as archdeacon of london from 1322 to 1328 he was archdeacon of richmond from 1342 to 1345 dean of york 37 and from 1357 to 1359 archdeacon of suffolk 38 he is also known to have held whitchurch in the diocese of canterbury as persona parson and was prebend of thame in the church of lincoln in 1345 39 peacemaker edit battle of poitiers 1356 cardinal talleyrand and cardinal nicola capocci were sent to france to attempt to negotiate a peace between france and england they were in paris just before the battle of poitiers on 19 september 1356 in the first week of october 1356 pope innocent vi wrote to edward prince of wales the black prince commending his generous conduct to king john ii of france who had been captured in the battle in a separate letter the pope asked the prince to confer with cardinal de talleyrand and cardinal nicola capocci in the interests of peace 40 despite the need for a peace the pope sent cardinal talleyrand as part of the delegation which travelled to metz at christmas time for the imperial diet to witness the promulgation of the famous golden bull of the emperor charles iv 41 in the following year after intense negotiations the papal negotiators travelled to london for a conference with king edward they arrived on 2 july 1347 and were received by the king negotiations continued but no solution was reached in 1348 the two cardinals arranged a treaty between charles king of navarre and charles duke of normandy 42 patronage edit he was also a literary patron promoting the writing of the 1336 travels of william of boldensele whose real name was otto de nyenhusen 43 in his prefatory letter written from avignon on st michael s day 1337 before his return to his monastery guilelmus writes and now it is fitting for me to stay for a few days more at my lord talleyrand de perigord s in the curia at avignon because my lord had graciously taken great pleasure from my arrival i am sending you my little book which i put together at the insistence of my lord cardinal 44 he stayed more than a year 45 talleyrand also corresponded with petrarch 46 he was detested however by the florentine chronicler giovanni villani who was a guelph and a republican 47 later years edit in 1359 cardinal de talleyrand was again appointed legate to the kings of france and england and when he was returning to avignon he was the subject of a plot to attack and rob him while he was passing through the diocese of langres he himself was not taken since he delayed his trip along the way but his baggage was taken and plundered he wrote a letter ordering all the bishops of france to excommunicate the malefactors 48 in 1359 cardinal de talleyrand cardinal audouin aubert and cardinal raymond de canilhac were appointed by pope innocent vi as assessors in a dispute between the master of the order of s john of jerusalem and the castellan of emposta 49 assessors were judges appointed by the pope in cases which came to the roman curia as part of the process of appeal the assessors investigated and provided a judgment for the pope s final review and implementation they also investigated church elections to ensure that the person elected had been chosen in accordance with the rules of canon law and was a suitable person for the position cardinal de talleyrand drew up his testament on 25 october 1360 50 he added a codicil on 16 january 1364 eleven days before his death sound in mind but sick in body 51 cardinal de talleyrand was at the height of his influence and power in september 1362 after the death of pope innocent vi the college of cardinals was divided according to jean froissart into two factions one supporting guy of boulogne and the other hélie de talleyrand 52 the two competitors were strong enough to ensure that the other could not be elected with the two thirds majority required by canon law in the end the cardinals had to go outside the college of cardinals and a compromise candidate was elected abbot guillaume grimoald of s vincent in marseille who was legate of the apostolic see in the kingdom of sicily and was not present at the conclave 53 he was not even a cardinal the decision was taken perhaps on september 28 but it was not made public until the day after the arrival of abbot grimoald in avignon 31 october after he had accepted election grimoald was proclaimed pope urban v 54 shortly after the election cardinal talleyrand is said to have remarked to one of his familiars now we have a pope we honored other ones out of duty but this one we have to fear and revere because he is powerful in word and deed 55 crusade and death edit king john ii of france in may 1363 king john ii of france wrote to pope urban requesting that cardinal de talleyrand be sent on a legation to him the pope replied on 25 may that the college of cardinals did not think that it was appropriate for him to be sent just at that time and so the pope apologized for not being able to carry out the king s request 56 the request was sufficiently important that the pope discussed it with the cardinals and it is significant that he accepted their viewpoint the reason for the request is unknown zacour conjectures that king john was finding opposition to the planned crusade and wanted help it is difficult to see how talleyrand could have helped or why the cardinals would refuse zacour also conjectures that the college of cardinals did not authorize the mission because talleyrand did not want it to because he was more interested in his affairs in naples it is difficult to see how talleyrand s influence could have outweighed that of king john and pope urban with the cardinals especially in the matter of a crusade 57 on 23 august 1363 in the cathedral of s front de périgord boson de talleyrand seigneur de grignols et de chalais swore fealty to the prince of wales in his capacity as duke of aquitaine 58 in 1363 king john ii of france and peter i the king of cyprus came to avignon and it was decided that there should be a war against the turks 59 the pope urban v held a special ceremony on holy saturday 1363 and bestowed the crusader s cross on the two kings and on cardinal talleyrand as well john ii was appointed rector and captain general of the expedition 60 cardinal de talleyrand was appointed apostolic legate for the expedition but he died on 17 january 1364 before the expedition could set out 61 king john returned to prison in england and died in london on 8 april 1364 62 cardinal de talleyrand s testament stated that he wished to be buried in the cathedral of saint front in périgueux but if he died at avignon or its neighborhood he wished to lie in state in the house of the franciscans in avignon and then he wished his body to be transferred to saint front 63 there is today no sign of his place of burial citation needed legacy the collège de périgord edit on 5 october 1375 pope gregory xi granted faculties to cardinals pierre de salue de monteruc and jean de cros to proceed with the organization and founding of the collège de périgord at toulouse for which cardinal talleyrand had provided in his testament 64 as pope gregory ordered based on talleyrand s wishes there were to be twenty students who were to be poor clerics they were to be provided with four chaplains and were to be served by seven domestics ten of the clerics were to study civil law and ten were to study canon law ten of the students were to be chosen from the diocese ...
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