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bar hide top 1 background 2 expedition 3 aftermath toggle aftermath subsection 3 1 expedition timeline 4 references toggle references subsection 4 1 bibliography toggle the table of contents ambela campaign 2 languages català italiano edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia redirected from ambela campaign 1863 british indian frontier campaign ambela campaign part of the mujahidin movement a british picket and camp during the expedition date 1863 1864 location ambela buner result british indian victory 1 2 belligerents british empire india mujahidin movement yusufzai tribe commanders and leaders neville chamberlain wia john garvock john davidson henry chapman emir abdullah azīmabādi saidu baba strength 6 000 reinforced by 4 800 15 000 men casualties and losses 3 000 casualties including 1 000 british unknown the ambela campaign also spelt umbeyla umbeylah and ambeyla of 1863 was a campaign led by british indian army against the remnants of mujahidin movement of syed ahmad barelvi who were based at malka at buner and whom the british colonial authorities described as hindustani fanatics 3 4 5 6 they were supported by pashtun tribes notably yousafzais under saidu baba of swat a force led by neville bowles chamberlain planned to destroy malka the stronghold of hindustani mujahideen they set up an operational base in the chamla valley which could be reached via the ambela pass but they were soon bogged down by a numerically superior local force and were attacked by the mujahideen and pashtun tribesmen 7 reinforcements drafted in by the local commander in chief eventually pursued a diplomatic resolution colonial authorities approached the bunerwals and various khans and leaders to accept peace and allow them to destroy malka in the territory of buner the expedition broke the power of the hindustani mujahideen but resulted in the loss of 1 000 british casualties and an unknown number of indian casualties 3 8 background edit syed ahmad barelvi a muslim reformist from raebareli had declared jihad against the sikh empire in 1826 and had migrated with thousands of followers to the peshawar valley to establish an islamic state which he and his followers envisioned to be based on the ideals of first muslim state in medina by 1830 barelvi had managed to establish his rule in peshawar after his success in the battle of mayar however in the same year many of his followers were assassinated by pashtun tribesmen who disliked their presence as a foreign rule barelvi eventually relocated to balakot where he was killed while fighting against a sikh army in 1831 9 following the death of barelvi many of his followers who came to be known as hindustani mujahideen sought refuge with saidu baba at sathana the most influential religious figure on the frontier at the time in 1858 an expedition led by sir sydney cotton drove them from their base by 1863 however the hindustani mujahideen had regrouped around the mountain outpost of malka under the influence of saidu baba they managed to receive aid of many of the neighbouring pashtun tribes 3 6 the lieutenant governor of the punjab authorised an expedition of 6 000 men under brigadier general neville bowles chamberlain to destroy malka the centre of mujahideen 3 the lieutenant governor acted without consulting the commander in chief of the frontier force chamberlain chose the chamla valley as his operational base and the ambela pass as the main access he chose this valley as the access as he believed that the local bunerwal people were friendly to british forces this turned out to be a false impression as the pashtuns had persuaded the bunerwals that the british would annex their land if they failed to put up a defence 10 expedition edit the first peshawar column reached the ambela pass on 20 october after struggling on rough terrain and the rear of the column took another two days to reach the base 10 photograph of major brown 101st d tandy lt rawlins captain garden and three sikhs umbeyla pass india on 22 october a reconnaissance was attacked by some bunerwal tribesman as a result chamberlain proceeded to fortify his position in the pass on two rocky outcrops but eagle s nest and crag picket could only hold small numbers of men 10 the locals had amassed a force of some 15 000 consisting of mujahideen and pashtuns under saidu baba on 30 october crag picket was the scene of fierce hand to hand fighting that saw two victoria crosses awarded to george fosbery and henry pitcher it fell to the pashtuns three times in the next four weeks but was retaken by british forces on each occasion on 18 or 20 november chamberlain was seriously wounded whilst attempting to take crag picket due to the lowered british morale and high casualties a repeat of the 1841 disaster at kabul was feared so a decision was made to withdraw but still refused by chamberlain 11 8 reinforcements were gradually drafted in on the orders of commander in chief sir hugh rose who replaced chamberlain with major general john garvock on 6 december 10 garvock led a two column attack consisting of 4 800 men supported by the 11th bengal cavalry led by another vc colonel dighton probyn vc that attempted break out of the pass 12 the rebels had also suffered heavily in the fighting around crag picket and loyalties were beginning to waver the breakout was achieved on 15 december and a prominent position conical hill which protected the approach was taken after another desperate fight and the pashtuns retreated ending the campaign 1 aftermath edit umbeyla village was entered by the british on the following day and burned and an agreement reached with local khans that the latter would destroy the rebel stronghold at malka 13 the bunerwals settled for peace with garvock and he sent a party to burn a mud house in malka for reasons of prestige the british had restored peace and had broken the power of the hindustani mujahideen but at the cost of 1 000 casualties and conditioned to withdraw from buner 8 3 12 14 oil canvas depicting the british indian troops passing through the ambela pass expedition timeline edit on 18 october 1863 general chamberlain ordered movement of the troops through surkawi or ambela pass on 30 october the akhund of swat and the mujahideen in a combined attack captured crag picquet the most important post for the colonial troops after severe fighting it was retaken by the colonial troops due to the complexity of the situation sir hugh rose the commander in chief of india arrived at lahore on 14 november 1863 and directed the expedition himself on 20 november 1863 for the third and last time crag picket was taken by the mujahideen and retaken by colonial troops in this contest general chamberlain commander of the colonial troops was wounded and became unable to lead his force on 10 december 1863 the buner jirga arrived on 14 december in their final reply rejected the colonial british terms skirmishes continued on 15 and 16 december 1863 on 17 december 1863 the buner jirga again arrived accepted the terms and returned after leaving their greater portion in the camp the british party escorted by the tribal jirga advanced from ambela on 19 december and returned after the destruction of malka on 23 december the expedition originally planned to take three weeks took about three months with high casualties on both sides references edit 1 2 stewart 2006 p 183 jalal 2009 p 115 1 2 3 4 5 ahmad dr ishtiaq 2022 the ambela expedition 1863 a military failure but a political triumph an appraisal quarterly journal of the pakistan historical society lxx 4 77 106 nölle karimi christine 2012 state and tribe in nineteenth century afghanistan the reign of amir dost muhammad khan 1826 1863 hoboken taylor and francis p 185 isbn 978 0 7007 0629 7 peshawar district n w f province gazetteers vol 6 part a 1931 pp 70 76 via university of california 1 2 willasey wilsey tim the place of slaughter umbeyla 1863 victorianweb org retrieved 23 may 2026 moreman t 1998 the army in india and the development of frontier warfare 1849 1947 p 24 1 2 3 featherstone donald 1973 colonial small wars 1837 1901 pdf qadir altaf 2015 sayyid ahmad barailvi his movement and legacy from the pukhtun perspective los angeles london new delhi singapore washington dc sage publications pp 138 150 isbn 978 93 5150 072 8 1 2 3 4 arthur 2005 p 104 richards 1990 p 71 1 2 arthur 2005 p 105 richards 1990 p 72 barthorp 2002 p 62 bibliography edit barthorp michael 2002 afghan wars and the north west frontier 1839 1947 cassell isbn 9780304362943 jalal ayesha 2009 partisans of allah jihad in south asia harvard university press isbn 9780674039070 richards d s 1990 the savage frontier a history of the anglo afghan wars london pan macmillan isbn 0 330 42052 6 stewart jules 2006 the khyber rifles from the british raj to al qaeda history press isbn 9780752495583 arthur max 2005 symbol of courage men behind the medal pan books isbn 978 0 330 49133 4 ziad waleed 2021 hidden caliphate sufi saints beyond the oxus and indus harvard university press isbn 978 0 674 24881 6 husain mahmud the ambela campaign journal of the pakistan historical society 1 2 1953 105 117 link v t e colonial conflicts involving the english british empire 17th century ireland 1593 1603 virginia 1609 1646 swally 1612 hormuz 1622 saint kitts 1626 quebec 1628 pequot war 1634 1638 irish rebellion 1641 confederate war 1641 1653 cromwellian conquest of ireland 1649 1653 acadia 1654 1667 anglo spanish war 1654 1660 jamaica 1655 1739 1st tangier 1662 2nd tangier 1664 king philip s war 1675 1678 child s war 1686 1690 siam 1687 williamite war 1688 1691 king william s war 1688 1697 ghana 1694 1700 18th century queen anne s war 1702 1713 tuscarora war 1711 1715 yamasee war 1715 1717 father rale s war dummer s war 1722 1725 war of jenkins ear 1740 1742 king george s war 1744 1748 carnatic wars 1746 1763 nova scotia 1749 1755 french and indian war 1754 1763 seven years war 1756 1763 bengal war 1756 1765 anglo cherokee war 1758 1761 jamaica 1762 anglo spanish war 1762 1763 pontiac s war 1763 1766 regulator movement in north carolina 1765 1771 first carib war 1769 1773 rohilkhand 1773 1774 lord dunmore s war 1774 american revolutionary war 1775 1783 first anglo maratha war 1775 1782 second anglo mysore war 1779 1784 gold coast 1781 1782 assam 1786 australian frontier wars 1788 1934 nootka sound 1789 third anglo mysore war 1789 1792 cotiote wayanad war 1793 1806 rohilkhand 1794 cape colony 1795 jamaica 1795 1796 grenada 1795 1796 ceylon 1795 kandyan wars 1796 1818 irish rebellion 1798 malta 1798 1800 fourth anglo mysore war 1798 1799 dwyer s guerrilla campaign 1799 1803 polygar wars 1799 1805 19th century newfoundland 1800 second anglo maratha war 1803 1805 castle hill convict rebellion 1804 surinam 1804 cape colony 1806 río de la plata 1806 1807 egypt 1807 froberg mutiny 1807 santo domingo 1808 1809 martinique 1809 persian gulf 1809 guadeloupe 1810 reunion 1810 mauritius 1810 seychelles 1810 spice islands 1810 java 1810 1811 xhosa wars 1811 1879 usa 1812 1815 palembang 1812 yogyakarta 1812 sambas 1812 1813 nepal 1814 1816 guadeloupe 1815 cape colony 1815 algiers 1816 third anglo maratha war 1817 1818 persian gulf 1819 guiana 1823 anglo ashanti wars 1824 1901 first anglo burmese war 1824 1826 black war van diemen s land 1828 1832 jamaica 1831 1832 malacca 1831 1833 lower canada 1837 1838 upper canada 1837 1838 aden expedition 1839 egyptian ottoman war 1839 1841 first anglo afghan war 1839 1842 first opium war 1839 1842 new zealand wars 1845 1872 first anglo sikh war 1845 1846 río de la plata 1845 1850 canton 1847 british honduras 1847 1901 ceylon 1848 second anglo sikh war 1848 1849 second anglo burmese war 1852 kombo 1853 1855 eureka rebellion 1854 åland war 1854 1856 anglo persian war 1856 1857 second opium war 1856 1860 indian rebellion 1857 1859 revolt of rajab ali 1857 1858 kagoshima 1863 ambela campaign 1863 1864 shimonoseki 1864 duar war 1864 1865 fenian rebellion in canada 1866 1871 abyssinia 1868 manitoba 1870 perak 1875 1876 anglo zulu war 1879 second anglo afghan war 1879 1880 basutoland 1880 1881 first boer war 1880 1881 mahdist war 1881 1899 anglo egyptian war 1882 saskatchewan 1885 third anglo burmese war 1885 central africa 1886 1889 hazara 1888 mashonaland 1890 hunza nagar campaign 1891 anglo manipur war 1891 pahang uprising 1891 1895 matabeleland 1893 1894 north borneo 1894 1905 chitral expedition 1895 jameson raid south africa 1896 anglo zanzibar war 1896 matabeleland 1896 1897 benin expedition 1897 siege of malakand 1897 first mohmand campaign 1897 1898 tirah campaign 1897 1898 six day war 1899 boxer rebellion 1898 1901 second boer war 1899 1902 20th century somaliland 1900 1920 west africa 1901 1902 tibet expedition 1903 1904 bambatha rebellion 1906 maritz rebellion 1914 1915 tochi 1914 1915 nyasaland 1915 nigeria 1915 peshawar 1915 mohmand 1916 1917 quebec 1917 nigeria 1918 third anglo afghan war 1919 waziristan campaign 1919 1920 iraqi revolt 1920 malabar rebellion 1921 kurdistan 1922 1924 transjordan 1923 pink s war 1925 ikhwan revolt 1927 1930 tirah 1930 1931 barzani revolt 1931 1932 second mohmand campaign 1935 arab revolt in palestine 1936 1939 waziristan campaign 1936 1939 ethiopia 1943 jewish revolt in palestine 1944 1948 south indochina 1945 1946 indonesia 1945 sarawak 1946 1950 malayan emergency 1948 1960 kenya emergency 1952 1960 oman 1954 1959 cyprus emergency 1955 1959 suez crisis 1956 oman 1962 1976 brunei 1962 sarawak 1962 1990 malaysia 1962 1966 aden 1963 1967 falklands 1982 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ambela_campaign oldid 1366256317 categories british military personnel of the umbeyla campaign 19th century military history of the united kingdom 1863 in india 1863 conflicts military history of khyber pakhtunkhwa military campaigns involving british india hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use dmy dates from october 2020 cs1 long volume value pages using template post nominals with missing parameters this page was last edited on 27 july 2026 at 01 44 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents ambela campaign 2 lan...